通过创新和数字政府增强城市和当地社区的抵御能力

UN-HABITAT

HandbookSeriesonInnovativeLocalGovernanceforthe

ImplementationoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals

Strengthening

ResilienceinCities

andLocalCommunities

ThroughInnovation

andDigitalGovernment

3

UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs

TheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariatisavitalinterfacebetweenglobalpoliciesintheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalspheresandnationalaction.TheDepartmentworksinthreemaininterlinkedareas:(i)itcompiles,generatesandanalysesawiderangeofeconomic,socialandenvironmentaldataandinformationonwhichStatesMembersoftheUnitedNationsdrawtoreviewcommonproblemsandtotakestockofpolicyoptions;(ii)itfacilitatesthenegotiationsofMemberStatesinmanyintergovernmentalbodiesonjointcourseofactiontoaddressongoingoremergingglobalchallenges;and(iii)itadvisesinterestedGovernmentsonthewaysandmeansoftranslatingpolicyframeworksdevelopedinUnitedNationsconferencesandsummitsintoprogrammesatthecountryleveland,throughtechnicalassistance,helpsbuildnationalcapacities.

KoreaResearchInstituteforLocalAdministration

KRILAisthecornerstoneoflocalautonomyanddecentralizationinKorea.Itcarriesoutresearchprojectsthatleadthelocalautonomousdevelopmentsuchaslocalautonomyandpolicy,revitalizationoflocaleconomyanddevelopmentoffutureregions.KRILAalsoprovidesalong-termviablevisionforlocalautonomyandautonomousdecentralizationandgeneroussupportforthemajorchallengesoflocaladministration.

Disclaimers

ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Thedesignations“developed”and“developing”economicsareintendedforstatisticalconvenienceanddonotnecessarilyimplyajudgmentaboutthestatereachedbyaparticularcountryorareainthedevelopmentprocess.Theterm“country”asusedinthetextofthispublicationalsorefers,asappropriate,toterritoriesorareas.Theterm“dollar”normallyreferstotheUnitedStatesdollar($).Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNationsoritsofficialsorMemberStates.

Copyright©UnitedNations,2023

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorpermission.

Websites:and

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Contents

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ExecutiveSummary

PurposeofthisHandbook

HandbookSeries AimofthisHandbook StructureofthisHandbook

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RoleofCitiesandLocalCommunitiesinStrengtheningResilienceThroughInnovationandDigitalGovernment,WithinGlobalFrameworks

SendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReduction2015-2030 NewUrbanAgenda SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs) TheParisAgreementonClimateChange UNSecretary-General’sRoadmapforDigitalCooperation UNPrinciplesofEffectiveGovernanceforSustainableDevelopment

Chapter1:StrengtheningResilient,SmartandInclusiveCitiesandLocalCommunitiesRationaleandBenefits

ExpectedLearningOutcomes

Concepts

SDGsandResilientCities

ApproachestoStrengthenResilienceinCities

SendaiFrameworkandMCR2030Approach GuidingCitieswithNormativeStandards RiskInformedGovernance MakingSmartPoliciesResilient

InnovativeCases

Amsterdam’sCircularPoliciesandtheCityDoughnut

GeospatialTechnologyasaSharedPlatformforActioninThailand

UnderstandingandAddressingRiskinanUrbanContext:WaterDialoguesinPanama

OperationCoolingCenterstoAddressFutureClimateRiskNeedsoftheVulnerableintheRepublicof

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Korea

UsingCybersecuritytoProtectDigitalInclusionAssetsinMauritius

CaseStudy:E-Estonia

Exercises

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TakeawayBuildingBlocksforLocalAction

Processes Mechanisms People

Chapter2:LeveragingRisk-informedGovernance,ICTs,DigitalGovernanceandFrontier

TechnologiesforResilient,SmartandInclusiveCitiesRationaleandBenefitsExpectedLearningOutcomes

Concepts

Approaches

LeveragingTechnologyinPlanningProcessesandInvestments TechnologiesasEmergingRisksandCriticalInfrastructure AddressingtheDigitalDivide

InnovativeCases

UsingScienceforEarlyWarningofEpidemics FosteringCo-creatingSolutionswithInnovativeTechnologies DigitalandOpenGovernmentasaFoundationforaSmartResilientCity ConnectingYoungPeopleAroundtheWorldtotheInternet ConnectivityforRefugees

Exercises

TakeawayBuildingBlocksforLocalAction

Processes Mechanisms Partnerships

Chapter3:InnovativeTechnologiesandInnovativeCasesRationaleandBenefitsExpectedLearningOutcomesConceptsApproachesSupportingScience,TechnologyandInnovations

1.ExtendingOurreach,ExpandingOurCapabilitiesforBuildingResilience 2.ChangingHowWeMakeandAcquireThingsforBuildingResilience 3.ConnectingPeople,ThingsandInformationforBuildingResilience 4.ImprovingDataAnalysisandthePresentationofInformationforBuildingResilience 5.HumansasActorsforBuildingResilience UNDESA'scitye-governmentassessmentframeworkandhowtoapplyitsmethodologyincountries

Exercises

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Chapter4:InfrastructureAssetManagementforBuildingResilientandSustainableCitiesRationaleandBenefitsExpectedLearningOutcomesConceptsApproaches

TakingaSystemsApproach UnderstandingInterconnectedLayersofRisk FlexibleApproachestoFutureRisks TakingaStandardsApproach GovernanceApproaches

InnovativeCases

AssessingtheEconomicValueofRestorationInterventionsfortheBeiraLake,Colombo RoomfortheRiverProgramintheNetherlands AWin-WinPartnershipbetweentheCommunity,PublicandPrivateSectors

Exercises

TakeawayBuildingBlocksforLocalAction

Processes Mechanisms People

Chapter5:RoleofResilientandSmartCitiesinBuildingBackBetterinPost-COVID-19EraRationaleandBenefitsExpectedLearningOutcomes

Concepts

Approaches

BuildBackBetter,AcceleratingDevelopmentandResiliencePlans ImprovingResponseandRecoverythroughPeople-centeredDigitization BuildingBackBetterthroughSDGLocalizationandMultilevelGovernance GlobalHealthAgendasforLocalAction

InnovativeCases

LegislationandInstitutionsforPublicHealthEmergenciesTheImportanceofCollaborationduringRecovery,NewZealand

Exercises

TakeawayBuildingBlocksforLocalAction

Processes

Mechanisms

People

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Chapter6:PolicyRecommendationsandConclusions

CommonBuildingBlocksforLocalAction

Processes Mechanisms People

Annex

ReferenceandSources

ConceptsandGlobalFrameworks

Approaches:ImprovingPoliciesandPrinciples

GuidanceandHandbooks

AlliancesandPeerSupportedNetworks

StandardsandBenchmarks

BuildingBlocks,ReportsandLearningTools

LearningSourceDocuments

CasesbyCountry

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Figures

Figure1.SDG11SustainableCitiesandCommunities

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Figure2.MCR2030StagesandOutcomes

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Figure3.ISOStructureforSustainableCitiesandCommunities

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Figure4.TheFiveCorePrinciplesoftheRoadmap

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Figure5.TransgressingtheDoughnut’sSocialandPlanetaryBoundaries

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Figure6.WaterDialogueinPanamaCity

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Figure7.CustomizedCoolingCenterinBucheon

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Figure8.E-Estonia

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Figure9.Module2fromUNDESA2021HandbookonRisk-informedGovernanceandInnovative

TechnologyforDisasterRiskReductionandResilience

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Figure10.PrinciplesforQualityInfrastructureInvestment

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AcronymsandAbbreviations

AI

ArtificialIntelligence

AIT

AsianInstituteofTechnology

CEPA

UnitedNationsCommitteeofExpertsonPublicAdministration

DGCA

DigitalGovernmentCapabilityAssessment

DLT

DistributedLedgerTechnology

DPIDG

DivisionforPublicInstitutionsandDigitalGovernment

DRR

DisasterRiskReduction

EYWA

EarlyWarningSystemsforMosquito-borneDiseases

GSCA

G20GlobalSmartCitiesAlliance

GEO

GrouponEarthObservations

GIS

GeographicInformationSystems

GP

GlobalPlatform

ICLEI

LocalGovernmentsforSustainability

ICT

InformationandCommunicationsTechnology

IFRC

InternationalFederationoftheRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties

ISO

InternationalStandardsOrganization

IoT

InternetofThings

JICA

JapanInternationalCooperationAgency

KPI

KeyPerformanceIndicators

KRILA

KoreaResearchInstituteforLocalAdministration

MCR

MakingCitiesResilient

NbS

Nature-basedSolutions

NDCs

NationallyDeterminedContributions

NGO

Non-GovernmentalOrganization

OECD

OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment

PDC

PacificDisasterCenter

PPE

PersonalProtectiveEquipment

QRE

QuickRiskEstimation

SDG

SustainableDevelopmentGoals

SME

SmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises

STAG

ScienceandTechnologyAdvisoryGroup

UAV

UnmannedAutonomousVehicles

UCLG

UnitedCitiesandLocalGovernment

UNDESA

UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs

UNDRR

UnitedNationsOfficeforDisasterRiskReduction

UNDP

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

UNEP

UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme

UN-HABITAT

UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme

UNOPS

UnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServices

UNPAN

UnitedNationsPublicAdministrationsNetwork

UNPOG

UnitedNationsProjectOfficeonGovernance

UNPSA

UnitedNationsPublicServiceAwards

WCCD

WorldCouncilonCityData

VR

VirtualReality

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Acknowledgement

ThisHandbookonStrengtheningResilienceinCitiesandLocalCommunitiesthroughInnovationandDigitalGovernmentwasdevelopedbytheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs(UNDESA),throughitsProjectOfficeonGovernance(UNPOG)oftheDivisionforPublicInstitutionsandDigitalGovernment(DPIDG).ThehandbookwaspreparedundertheoverallguidanceofKyuChangKo,HeadoftheUnitedNationsProjectOfficeonGovernance(UNPOG),andBokyunShim,formerHeadofUNPOG,withSamuelDanaa,AssociateCapacityDevelopmentExpert,servingastheleadcoordinator.

JohnIevers(†)ofblessedmemorywastheconsultantwhosubstantivelypreparedthehandbookwithhispartnerSilviaYekti(Ewie)throughareviewandanalysisofexistingliteratureonresilience,disasterrisk,risk-informedgovernanceandclimateaction.ElementsofthehandbookweresubstantiallyenrichedbyinputsandinformationprovidedbyUNPOGofficials,includingAnaThorlund,HyeYongKim(Hailey),andHyeKyungChoi(Shelley).InvaluablesupportwasalsoprovidedbySanjayaBhatia,HeadofUNDRRONEAandGETIduringtheinitialandpreparationprocessofthishandbook.

Thehandbookwaspeer-reviewedbyAnneAmin,ProgrammeManagementOfficer,Policy,Legislation,andGovernanceSection,UN-Habitat,SamuelGachohiNjuguna,AssistantProgrammeManagementOfficer,Policy,Legislation,andGovernanceSection,UN-Habitat,RobertaMaio,DigitalRightsandInclusionOfficer,UrbanPracticesBranch,UN-Habitat,TelmanMaharramov,ProjectManagementConsultant,SDGLocalizationandLocalGovernmentsTeam,UN-HabitatandMartinoMiraglia,AssociateExpert,UN-Habitat.

ThehandbookwasmeticulouslyeditedbyMargaretA.Ferry,InternationalCommunicationsConsultanttoensureconsistency,readability,andclarityoflanguage.ValarieKaitlynGoh(UNV)wasengagedtographicallydesignthehandbooktomakeitmorepresentableandattractive.

ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries,orregardingitseconomicsystemordegreeofdevelopment.Referencestonames,firms,commercialproductsandprocessesdonotimplytheirendorsementbytheUnitedNations,andafailuretomentionaparticularfirm,commercialproductorprocessisnotasignofdisapproval.

Thelinkscontainedinthishandbookareprovidedfortheconvenienceofthereaderandarecorrectatthetimeofissue.TheUnitedNationstakesnoresponsibilityforthecontinuedaccuracyofthatinformationorforthecontentofanyexternalwebsite.

AnelectronicversionofthispublicationandotherdocumentsfromUNPOGandKRILAareavailablefordownloadfromtheUnitedNationsPublicAdministrationNetwork(UNPAN)websiteatandKRILAwebsiteatwww.krila.re.kr.

14

ExecutiveSummary

Thishandbookintroducesthereadertoconcepts,approaches,tools,exercisesandinnovativecasestoStrengthenResilienceinCitiesandLocalCommunitiesthroughInnovationandDigitalGovernment.Thehandbookguidesthereadertowardsroadmaps,policytoolkits,manualsandpeersupporttohelpcitiesandlocalcommunitiesbetterinvestinpracticalactiontostrengthenresilience.This

handbookbuildsonglobalgoodpracticesoneffectivegovernance.ItalsobuildontheTrainingToolkiton

“Risk-informedGovernanceandInnovativeTechnologyforDisasterRiskReductionandResilience”aspart

ofthe

CurriculumonGovernancefortheSDGs

,whichwasdevelopedbytheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs(UNDESA),DivisionforPublicInstitutionsandDigitalGovernment(DPIDG),throughtheUNProjectOfficeonGovernance(UNPOG).ThishandbookispartofaseriesofsixsuccinctpublicationswithinUNDESA’s

CurriculumonGovernancefortheSDGs

designedtopromoteeffective,accountableandinclusivepublicinstitutions.

COVID-19,climatechangeandourincreasinglyinterconnectedworldarechangingtheexisting,emergingandfuturerisklandscapesforcitiesandlocalcommunities.Globalinnovations,technologiesanddigitalizationaredrivingsocialandeconomicgrowthandbecomingafoundationforprosperity.Technology-drivensystemsandinfrastructuresareincreasinglyinterdependent.Failuresinonesystem,suchaselectricitysupply,cascadetoothers,suchascommunicationandbusiness,withamplifiedsocialan