中国文化英语教程Unit-20

Unit20UrbanCustomsinARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentGuesswhatthesepeoplearelookingat?Lead-inThe3DanimatedversionofARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalatShanghaiExpo2010ARiversideSceneatQingmingFestival《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，为北宋风俗画。在五米多长的画卷里，共绘了五百五十多个各色人物，牛、骡、驴等牲畜五、六十匹，车、轿二十多辆，大小船只二十多艘。房屋、桥梁、城楼等各有特色。它不仅仅是现实主义绘画艺术珍品也为我们提供了北宋大都市的商业、手工业、民俗、建筑、交通工具等详实形象的第一手资料。具有很高的历史价值和艺术价值。Lead-inAdditionalInfoForfun:中国十大传世名画东晋

顾恺之《洛神赋图》

唐代

阎立本《步辇图》

Forfun:中国十大传世名画唐代

张萱、周昉《唐宫仕女图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画唐代

韩滉《五牛图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：五代

顾闳中《韩熙载夜宴图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：北宋

王希孟《千里江山图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：北宋

张择端《清明上河图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画元代

黄公望《富春山居图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：明代仇英《汉宫春晓图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：清代

郎世宁《百骏图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：IntroductionAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverUrbancivilizationoftheNorthernSongDynastyTextstudyARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalApainting,createdbythecourtartistZhangZeduan,depictsthehustleandbustlealongthebanksoftheBianheRiverduringtheQingmingFestivalattheendoftheNorthernSongDynasty.ZhangZeduan,afamouspainterinNorthernSongDynasty

IntroductionQingmingFestival(清明节)the4thsolartermoftheChinese24solarterms.ItmayfallonanydayintheperiodApril4-April6.alsoknownastheTombSweepingFestival,forworshipingancestors.anothername:TaQingFestival.OriginatedfromCoolDishFestival(寒食节)

asthedatesareveryclose.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverAdditionalInfoThe24solarterms(24节气)Itobjectivelyreflectsthechangesinclimate,rainfall,andphenology(物候现象)

overthecourseofayear.ThereforeancientChinesearrangeagriculturalactivitiesaccordingtosolarterms.

AdditionalInfoAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiver《二十四节气歌》春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连，秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。立春花开雨水来淋惊蛰春雷蛙叫春分清明[犁田]谷雨春茶立夏耕田小满灌水芒种看果夏至看禾小暑谷熟大暑忙收立秋之前种完[番豆]处暑[拭田]白露[匀田]秋分看禾寒露前结霜降一冷立冬[打禾]小大雪闲等过冬年小寒一年大寒团圆AdditionalInfoAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThepaintingstartsfromtherightwithadepictionofspringintheoutskirtsofthecityofBianliang:brooks(溪)

gurgling(潺潺地流)inthewilderness,withcottagestuckedawayamongtreesandroadscrisscrossingintothefardistance.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverSceneintheoutskirt,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalOldtreesgreetthebreeze.theirbranchesandtwigsalreadytinged(清淡地染色)

withlightgreen.Inthedistanceareboundlessfieldsenvelopedinhazymist.Suddenly,agroupofpeopleappear,leadingseveraldonkeys,ontheirwaytothecity.Totheleft,therearelinesoftravelers,whoareeitherontheirwaytogravestomakeofferingsoraresightseersjustbackfromthecity.Donkeysandhorsesareseenneighing(嘶鸣),andpeopletalkingandlaughing.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverAsthescrollunrolls,wecometothesecondsectionofdetailedfeatures.TheBianheRiverbeginstocomeintoview.Itisariverconnectingsouthandnorth,onwhichboatsbusilycomeandgo,effectivelyreflectingtheprosperityofthetime.Atthestart,thereareonlyacoupleofboatsmoored(停泊)

alongthebank,butastheriverflowsleftward,itbecomeswider,thewaterbecomesswifter,andmanyboatsareseensailingquicklyinbothdirections.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThescrollunveilsfurthertothemainsceneinthesecondsection,andalsothefocalpointofthewholepainting.ThisdepictsasceneinthecenterofBianliang—theRainbowBridgearea.SceneattheRainbowBridge,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestival

AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverAmagnificent-lookingwoodenbridgearchesovertheBianheRiver,withpeoplecomingandgoing:merchants,travelersandsightseers.Manyareholdingontotherailingsofthebridge,lookingdownattheriver.Somearemakinganimatedgestures,appearingtobespeaking,orshoutinginsurprise,whileothersappearastounded(震惊)

infright.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverUnderneath,abigboatistryingtopassunderthebridge,itsbow(船头)

lowerthanitsstem(船尾).Onthebowstandsaman,franticallywavinghisarms,hismouthwideopenasifgivingorders;someoneistryingtocorrectthedirectionoftheboatbyproppinghispoleagainstthebaseofthebridge;someboatmenaretryinghardtoworkontheoars,whileothersstandingontheawning(雨篷)quicklybringdownthesail.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheboatisgoingforward,leavingwhirlsinitswake(船迹).Atthatcriticalmomentastheboathasyettopass,peopleonandunderthebridgeareallintenselyabsorbedinthissingularevent,withtherapid,whirlingcurrentsaddingfurthertensiontothesceneofonlookersandboatmen.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThethirdsectionofthepaintingfeaturesstreetscenes.Sceneoutsidethecitygate,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverSceneinfrontofthecitygate,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheBianheRivermakesabendhereandflowstowardtheeast.Alongthebanks,awideroadleadstothehighcitygate,atthefootofwhichpeopleareeitherresting,talkingorsimplylookingaround.Camelsarepassingthecitygate,withonlytheirheadsseenoutofthegate—allpresentingabusyroadscene.PastthecitygateisBianliang,acityofcrisscrossingstreets,withshops,teahouses,taverns(客栈),goclubs,martialartsarenas,temples,andeverythingimaginable,liningbothsidesofthestreets.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThereisheavytrafficonthestreets:cartscomingandgoing;somepeopleintwosorthrees,eitherwalkinginahurryorstoppingforalookofwhateverintereststhem;othersingroupstalkinginhighspirits,orlookingaroundenjoyingthestreetscene.Shopownersarehospitablysoliciting(招揽)

customers.Suddenly,acartdrawnbyfourmules

(骡)

isseenrushingalong,addingasenseofsurprisetotheleisurelyscene.Here,vendors

(小贩),yamenrunners,scholars,monks,oldmen,andyoungchildren,alllookvividandlifelike,andallweardifferentfacialexpressions.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThethreesectionsofthisscrollpaintingdepictdifferentscenesofthecountryside,theriver,andthentheurbanarea,eachfocusingononescene:1)sweepingwillowsinthefirst,2)theRainbowBridgeinthesecond,3)andthecitygateforthethird.Bycenteringonamajorscene,thepicturelooksquiteorderly,althoughmanymiscellaneous(各种各样)

detailshavebeenincluded.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheatmosphereconveyedbyeachofthethreesectionsisdifferent：1)Thefirstpresentsacarefreeatmosphereofcalmanddetachment;2)thesecond,tensionandstimulationasenhancedbythewhirlingwater;3)andthethird,boundlessnessandrichnessconveyedthroughtrivialities

(琐事)

anddetails.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheremotenessinthebeginningposesasharpcontrasttothetensionattheRainbowBridgeandthelivelystreetscenes.Inthearrangementofthescenery,therearehighandlowpoints.Afteraslowbeginninginthefirstsection,thepictureproceedstoitsclimaticsceneattheRainbowBridge,andafterportrayingthestreetscenesinsideandoutsidethecitygateinthethirdsection,thestreetscenessuddenlystop.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheeffectoflastingappealthatChinesefineartsemphasizesiswellembodiedandrealizedinthispainting.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiversceneintheoutskirtssceneonthewharfstreetscenesDetailsincludedBrook;cottages;oldtrees;roads;fields;mist;donkeys;travelers;horses,etc.River;boats;bank;bridgeboatmen;onlookers,etc.River;citygate;camel;streets;shops;teahouses;taverns;goclubs;martialartsarena;temples;cart;mules;vendors,etc.ScenefocusedSweepingwillowsRainbowBridgeCitygateAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiversceneintheoutskirtssceneonthewharfstreetscenesAtmosphereconveyedAcarefreeatmosphereofcalmanddetachmentTensionandstimulationasenhancedbythewhirlingwaterBoundlessnessandrichnessconveyedthroughtrivialitiesanddetailsrhythmRemoteness;slow;beginningTension;climaticTension;stop(after)AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalprovidesadetailedillustrationoflifeinthecapitaloftheNorthernSongDynastyatitsprime.ThehighlydevelopedurbancivilizationgavecreativeinspirationtocourtartistZhangZeduan.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverUrbancivilizationoftheNorthernSongDynastyUrbancivilizationwasalreadydevelopedintheTangDynasty.Chang’an

(today’sXi’an(西安);thelargestcityintheworldatthetime)Otherlargecities—Luoyang&Yangzhou“Shoppingmarket”SceneatthewestmarketofChang’aninTangDynastyBytheNorthernSongDynasty,urbancivilizationhadfutherdeveloped.Bianliang—theworld’slargestcity;commerciallyprosperousShopssetuponthestreet,alongtheriverbanksandbasicallywherevertherearepeopleSceneatBianliang,thecapitalofNorthernSongDynastyUrbancivilizationoftheNorthernSongDynastyLargecitiesThedevelopmentofurbancivilizationTangDynastyCapitalcity:Chang’an(thelargestcityintheworldwithapopulationover1.5millioninitsprime);Luoyang(acommercialcenterinthesouth)&YangzhouShopssetupindesignatedareascalled“shoppingmarkets”NorthernSongDynastyCapitalcity:Bianliang(thelargestintheworldwithapopulationofonemillion)Moreprosperous;Shopsallowedtosetupanywhereonthestreets,alongtheriverbanksandbasicallywherevertherewerepeopleUrbancivilizationoftheNorthernSongDynastyRecordsoftheProsperityoftheCapital

(DongjingMenghuaLu)

(《东京梦华录》)WrittenbyMengYuanlao

(孟元老)

oftheNorthernSongDynasty,itdescribestheaffluenceofBianliang.UrbancivilizationoftheNorthernSongDynastyRecordsoftheProsperityoftheCapitalExerciseComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionWhatdothereproductionsofARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalmentionedinParagraph2reflectaboutit?Gothroughthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.ThereproductionsofARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalmentionedinParagraph2reflectthevalueofthispreciousmasterpiece.By"whenitisunrolledfromrighttoleft,itislikeopeningasluice-gatetotheriverofhistory",theauthormeansthatthepaintingembracesrichknowledgeofhistory.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Whenitisunrolledfromrighttoleft,itislikeopeningasluice-gatetotheriverofhistory”inparagraph4?ComprehensionWhatisthesettingoftherightsideofthescroll?Whatisthefocusofthewholepainting?WhatisrevealedaboutBianliangcitybythestreetsceneinthepainting?ThesettingoftherightsideofthescrollisspringintheoutskirtsofthecityofBianliang.ThefocusofthewholepaintingistheRainbowBridgearea.ThestreetsceneinthepaintingshowsthatBianliangcitywasbusyandprosperous.ComprehensionWhatadvantagedidBianliangcityoftheNorthernSongDynastyhaveoverChang’anoftheTangDynasty?InBianliangcity,whereweretheshopslocated?BianliangcityoftheNorthernSongDynastywascommerciallymoreprosperousthanTangDynasty'sChang'an.InBianliangcity,theshopswerelocatedanywhereonthestreets,alongtheriverbanks,andbasicallywherevertherewerepeople.ComprehensionWhydidZhangZeduanchoosethesunnymorningofQingmingFestivalforhispainting?ZhangZeduanchosethesunnymorningofQingmingFestivalforhispaintingbecauseatthistimeeverythingseemedspiritedandfullofvitality.ABComprehension___1)thesectionofthepaintingonthefarright,showingtravelersamidstawoodedcountryside.CDMatchthefollowingdescriptionwiththepictures.DABComprehension___2)Asceneofboatsdockingalongthesideoftheriverandurbansprawlapproachingthemaingateofthecity.CDCABComprehension___3)Thebridgescenewherethecrewofanoncomingboathavenotyetfullyloweredtheirsailsandareindangerofcrashingintothebridge.CDBABComprehension___4)Themaingateofthecityandtheurbansettingwithin,withteahouses,vendors,homesandvariousfiguresinteractingwithoneanother.CDAComprehensionTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Thethree-sectiontableauofthepaintingispresentedinarhythmicyetcontrastiveway.TheremotenessinthebeginningposesasharpcontrasttothetensionattheRainbowBridgeandthelivelystreetscenes.Inthearrangementofthescenery,therearehighandlowpoints.Afteraslowbeginninginthefirstsection,thepictureproceedstoitsclimaticsceneattheRainbowBridge,andafterportrayingthestreetscenesinsideandoutsidethecitygateinthethirdsection,thestreetscenessuddenlystop.TheeffectoflastingappealthatChinesefineartsemphasizesiswellembodiedandrealizedinthispainting.Comprehension.参考答案：三个部分形成起伏回环的节奏，但对比鲜明。开始时的悠远和虹桥下的紧张、街道上的热闹形成鲜明的对比。在长卷的整个布局上，有起有伏。开始一段是缓慢的进入，到虹桥达到全幅