新视野大学英语第三版读写教程4汉译英和完形填空

Unit1BankedclozeHaveyoueverheardpeoplesaythattheytendtobemoreofaright-brainorleft-brainthinker?Frombookstotelevisionprograms,youhaveprobablyheardthetermmentionednumeroustimes,orperhapsyouhaveeventakenanonlinetesttodeterminewhichtypebestdescribesyou.Dodifferentpartsofthebrainreallycontroldifferentbodilyandmentalfunctions?Overtheyears,atheorythathasgainedinpopularityisthattherightbrainandtheleftbrainareresponsiblefordifferentmodesofthoughtandthatthewayinwhichapersonthinkswilldependonwhichsideofhisbrainworksmoreactively.Peoplewhorelymoreheavilyontherighthalfoftheirbraintendtobemoreimaginativeandspontaneous.Theyareinterestedinpatterns,shapesandsizes,fortherightbrainisassociatedwithartisticabilitylikesinging,painting,Writingpoetry,etc.Left-braindominatedpeoplearequiteoppositeinthewaytheythink.Theytendtobemorelogicalandanalyticalintheirthinkingandusuallystandoutinmathematicsandwordskills.Whilethedifferentfunctionsofthetwobrainpartsmayhavebeendistortedandexaggeratedbypopularpsychology,understandingyoustrengthsandweaknessesincertainareascanhelpyoudevelopbetterwaystolearnandstudy.Forexample,ifyouareusuallystumpedintryingtofollowverbalinstructions,anactivityoftencitedasaright-braincharacteristic,youcanbenefitfromwritingdowndirectionsanddevelopingbetterorganizationalskills.2.中庸思想（DoctrineoftheMean）是儒家思想的核心内容。TheDoctrineoftheMeanisthecoreofConfucianism.孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。Theso-called“mean”byConfuciusdoesn’tmean“compromise”buta“moderate”and“Justright”waywhenunderstandingandhandlingobjectivethings.孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。Confuciusadvocatedthatthisthoughtshouldnotonlybetreatedasawaytounderstandanddealwiththingsbutalsobeintegratedintoone’sdailyconducttomakeitavirtuethroughself-cultivationandtraining.中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。TheDoctrineoftheMeanisnotonlythecoreofConfucianismbutalsoanimportantcomponentoftraditionalChineseculture.从它的形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。Fromthetimeitcameintobeingtothepresent,ithasplayedaninvaluableroleintheconstructionofnationspirit,thetransmissionofnationalwisdom,andthedevelopmentofnationalculture.Unit2BankedclozeIwasonceinarelationshipwithawomanwhowasthemostbrilliant,creativeanddrivenpersonI’deverknown.Itoldherthesethingsoftenbecauseshedidn’tseeherselfthisway,despiteachievinggreatsuccessandacclaim(称赞)inherprofessionalfield.Shewasalsogorgeousandsexy,thoughtsheseemednottorealizethiseither,soItoldherthesethingstoo.ButwhileIthoughtitwasmoreimportanttopraiseherbrilliance,itseemedtomeanmoretoherthatshewasconsideredattractive.Myexperiencewiththisgirlfriendexemplifiesacommonphenomenoninlife-whenitcomestocomplimentingawoman,menoftenwalkaverydifficultline.Ofcourse,providesthemwithself-confidence.Peoplehaveafeelingofsatisfactionwhentheyadministrateabusinesswellorcompleteachallengingpieceofwork.Inaddition,mostjobsprovideasociallyacceptablewayforpeopletomeetothers.So,thoughtsomepeoplearecompulsive(强迫性的)abouttheirwork,theiraddictionseemstobeasafeorevenanadvantageousone.Theyfeelemptyandincompletewhentheyareinvolvedinactivitiesnotrelatedtowork.近年来，随着互联网技术的迅猛发展，互联网经济已成为一个热门话题。Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnology,theInterneteconomyhasbecomeahotissue.以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。AsrepresentedbythepromisingE-commerce,theInterneteconomyhasbecomeastrongdrivingforcefortheeconomicdevelopment.我国政府高度重视发展互联网，提出了“互联网+”的概念，以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。OurgovernmentattachesgreatimportancetodevelopingtheInterneteconomyandproposestheconceptof“Internetplus”,aimingtointegrateInternetwithotherindustries,suchashealthcare,transportation,education,financeandpublicservice.这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。ThiswillcreategreatpotentialandbroadprospectsforthedevelopmentofftheInterneteconomy.随着“户联网+”战略的深入实施，互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合，助力打造“中国经济升级版”。Withtheimplementationofthe“InternetPlus”strategy,theInternetiscertaintobeintegratedwithmoretraditionalindustriesandhelpbuild“theupgradedversionoftheChineseeconomy”.Unit41.BankedclozeFarminginvariablyinterfereswiththehabitatsofplantsandanimals.However,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatagricultureandbiodiversityareincompatible.Infact,quitetheoppositeistrue.Thesustainablecultivationofplantsforfoodandfeedactuallyenablesustopreservebiodiversity.By2007,thereweremorethantwiceasmanypeoplelivingontheplanetastherewerein1961.Overthesameperiod,thetotalamountofavailablearable()landgrewbyjust10percent.Incomparisonwithpopulationgrowth,theexpansionofarablelandwassmall.Andtherearelimitstofurtherexpansion.Alargeproportionoftheearth’ssurface-likedeserts-isnotsuitableforcultivation,andotherareasareutilizedbyhumansforroadsandbuildings.Somelandthatisrichinbiodiversityneedstobepreservedandthusshouldnotbeconvertedintoarableland.Thetropicalrainforests,forexample,havethehighestspeciesdensityintheworld,andchangingthislandforcropcultivationwouldbedreadfultothesespecies’habitatsand,indeed,existence.By2050,globaldemandforfoodwillhaverisenby70percent.Buttheexpansionoflandavailableforcultivationhasitslimits.Thisisoneofthegreatestchallengesfacingagriculturetoday:Howdowebalancetheincreaseddemandforfoodwiththeneedtomaintainbiologicaldiversity,nowandinthefuture?Efficientandsaneuseoflandwillbekeytopreservingnaturalanimalandplanthabitats.Toachievethisaimwilldependtoa(an)considerableextentontheuseofmodernagriculturalmethods.Ifthesemethodsaresuccessfullyapplied,webelievethatagricultureandbiodiversitycancoexistinharmony.2.苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表，大部分为私家所有。SuzhougardensarethemostoutstandingrepresentativesofclassicalChinesegardens.Mostofthemwereprivately-owned.苏州园林始于春秋，兴于宋元，盛于明清。ThegardensfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,developintheSongandYuandynasties,andflourishedintheMingandQingdynasties.清末苏州园林已有各色园林170余处，为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。BythelateQingDynasty,Suzhouhadgotasmanyasover170gardensofdiverse,winningitthename“TheCityofGardens”.现保存完好的园林有60多处，对外开放的有十余处。Now,over60gardensarekeptingoodcondition,ofwhichmorethan10areopentothepublic.其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“苏州四大名园”。TheSurgingWavePavilion,theLionGroveGarden,theHumbleAdministrator’sGardenandtheLingeringGardenarecalledthefourmostfamousgardeninSuzhou,representingtheartisticstylesoftheSong,Yuan,MingandQingdynastiesrespectively.苏州园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，其建筑规制反映了中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。Suzhougardensareassembliesofresidencesandgardens,whichmakethemsuitableplacesforliving,visitingandappreciating.ThearchitecturalprinciplesofthegardensareademonstrationofthelifestyleandsocialcustomsoftheancientChinesepeopleinthesouthoftheLowerYangtzeRiver.苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。SuzhougardensarenotonlyaproductofChinesehistoryandculture,butalsoacarrieroftraditionalChineseideologyandculture.1997年，苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”。In1997,SuzhougardenswereinscribedontheWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO.Unit5Stereotypeshavesometruthmixedinwithafewgeneralizations.Sometimesthesegeneralizationscanbemisleadingastheyareoftenbasedonobservationoftheexteriorbehaviorofpeopleinacertainculture.Spaghetti,pasta,mafia(黑手党),gestures,fashion-thesearesomewordscommonlyusedtodescribeItalians.Howmuchtruthisthereinthestereotype?AsanItalianmyself,IwillgiveyousomeinsightsintotheItaliansoulandclarifysomemisunderstandingsthatforeignershaveaboutus.Spaghettiandpastaaresacred.Youcan’ttakepastaawayfromanItalianmeal;otherwiseitwon’tbecomplete.AtypicalItalianmealgenerallyincludespastaasastarter,fishormeatwithsaladasthemaincourse,followedbyfruitordessert,andthencoffee.ButthereareconsiderableregionaldifferencesinItaly,andhenceinconsistenciesexistbetweenthestereotypeandreality.Forinstance,youmightfindrisotto(加有肉、鱼或蔬菜的调味饭)replacingpastainsomeplaces!TheMafiaisreal:Wearenotproudofit,butitdoesexist,especiallyintheSouthandontheislandofSicily.Obviously,noteveryItalianisamemberoftheMafia,andmostwillbeoffendedifyouusetheterm,evenifyouarejustjoking.Yes,thewaywespeakisunique.Italiansusegesturesalotincommunication.Wesimplycannottalkwithoutourhands.Ifthehandsarebusydoingsomethingelse,westartmovingshouldersorotherpartsofthebody.Wearealsofashionvictims.YoucanrecognizeItaliansbythewaytheydressfromheadtotoe.Wewearstylishclothesandornamentsforeverypossibleoccasion.Youwon’teverseeanItalianwearingrunningshortscombinedwithlongsocks:It’ssimplyagainstoursenseofstyle!Italyismadeupofmanyregionsandprovinceswhicharesimilarinsomewaysanddistinctiveinothers.Thestereotypecontainssometruth,butbeingItaliantakesalotmorethanthat.2.中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。Chinesecivilizationoncehadasignificantinfluenceonworldcivilization.近年来，随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升，历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。Withthedevelopmentofourcountry’seconomyandtheriseofherinternationalstatusinrecentyears,Chineseculture,whichhasalonghistory,isonceagainattractingglobalattention.越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感，成为热门题材。MoreandmoreChineseculturalelementsprovideinspirationforandbecomepopularsubjectsoffashions,literatureandmoviesaroundtheworld.这一现象表明，世界需要中国文化。ThisshowsthattheworldneedsChineseculture.在这种背景下，我国决定实施文化“走出去”的战略，以加强中国与世界其他各国的文化交流。ItwasinthiscontextthatChinadecidedtoimplementthe“CultureExporting”strategysoastoenhanceherculturalexchangeswiththerestoftheworld.经过数年的努力，这项工程已经取得了很大的成绩。Afterseveralyears’efforts,greatachievementshavebeenmadeinthisrespect.文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发展，正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。“CultureExporting”hasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofourculturalindustries.ItisbecominganeffectiveapproachthroughwhichChinaenhanceshernationimageandcomprehensivestrength.Unit6BankedclozeToinvestinwomen’seducationandhealthisimportantfortheoverallwelfareofthehumansociety.Thereasonforsayingsoisobvious,thatis,womenareplayingimportantrolesinmodernsociety.Thepoliticianswholevytaxesshouldknowthatwomencontributeto40percentoftheworld’sproductioninagriculture,aquarterinindustry,andathirdinservices.Womenfarmersinthedevelopingcountriesgrowatleast50percentoftheworld’sfood.Inadditiontogeneratingincome,womencontinuetotakeresponsibilitiesforhouseholdactivitiessuchaschildcare,cleaningandpreparingfood,whicharesometimesnotaslightweightandeasyasgenerallythought.Yetwomen’sproductivityremainslow.Improvingwomen’sproductivitycangreatlybenefiteconomicgrowthandpovertyreductionwhicharekeydevelopmentgoalsaroundtheworld.Hence,toenhancewomen’sstatusisavitalpartoftheWorldBank’sstrategyforbroadlybasedeconomicandhumanresourcedevelopment.Toimprovewomen’swelfarecallsfortheeffortsofbothwomenandmen.Iflong-termchangeintheconditionsofwomenistobeachieved,theactionsandattitudesofmenmustchange,ratherthansimplytoemancipatewomenfromoldconventions.Problemsaffectingwomenareoftencloselyrelatedtothesocialrelationshipsbetweenmenandwomen.Forexample,it