Unit4AViewofMountains综合教程四市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit4Unit4AViewofMountains1/171Watchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Questionsfordiscussion1.WhydidSallyRegenhardsaythat9/11was“ashatteringoffaith”?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundShebelievedinthesystem,andnowthatthesystemwasshatteredbytheterroristactivity,soshethoughttheeventisfaith-shattering.3000peoplewerekilled.Andthesurvivingfamilymembershadveryrighttoknowthetruthaboutthe9/11.Sothereneededtobeaninvestigation.2.WhydidCarolAshleythinkthattheremustbeaninvestigation?2/171Whatdoyouknowaboutthe9/11attacksandwhatinfluenceshavetheeventsexert?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackground3/171Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement3AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundFromOnNativeSoil4/171Policeman:

Policeman:EuniceHanson:SallyRegenhard:CarolAshley:MaxCleland:Moveback!Moveback!Moveit!Goback!Iknewwehadenemies,naturally,butIalwaysfeltprettysafehere.Inever,never,inamillionyearsdreamedthatanythinglikethiscouldhappentous.Webelievedinthesystemandyouknow,9/11wasashatteringoffaith.3000peoplewerekilled.Itwasamassmurder.Andthereneededtobeaninvestigation.Thesurvivingfamilymembers,nobodycandenythattheyhadtheultimateclaimtothetruthabout9/11.VideoScriptAudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackground5/171AtomicbomborA-bombisaweaponderivingitsexplosiveforcefromthereleaseofatomicenergythroughthefission(splitting)ofheavynuclei.ThefirstatomicbombwasproducedatalaboratoryinLosAlamos,NewMexico,andsuccessfullytestedonJuly16,1945.ThiswastheculminationofalargeU.S.armyprogramthatwaspartoftheManhattanProject.Itbeganin1940,twoyearsaftertheGermanscientistsOttoHahnandFritzStrassmandiscoverednuclearfission.Culturalbackground

1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundAtomicBomb6/171Culturalbackground

2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackground

OnAug.6,1945,anatomicbombwasdroppedonHiroshimawithanestimatedequivalentexplosiveforceof12,500tonsofTNT,followedthreedayslaterbyasecond,morepowerful,bombonNagasaki.Bothbombscausedwidespreaddeath,injury,anddestruction,andthereisstillconsiderabledebateabouttheneedtohaveusedthem.7/171Culturalbackground

3AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundNuclearweaponsareweaponsofmassdestructionpoweredbyatomic,ratherthanchemical,processes.Nuclearweaponsproducelargeexplosionsandhazardousradioactivebyproductsbymeansofeithernuclearfissionornuclearfusion.AfterWorldWarII,theproliferationofnuclearweaponsbecameanincreasingcauseofconcernthroughouttheworld.Attheendofthe20thcentury,thevastmajorityofsuchweaponswereheldbytheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion;othercountriesthatpossessknownnuclearcapabilitiesaretheGreatBritain,France,China,Pakistan,andIndia.IsraelalsohasNuclearWeapon8/171Culturalbackground4AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundnuclearweaponsbuthasnotconfirmedthatfactpublicly;NorthKoreahasconductedanucleartestexplosionbutprobablydoesnothaveareadilydeliverablenuclearweapon;andSouthAfricaformerlyhadasmallarsenal.Overadozenothercountriescan,orsooncould,makenuclearweapons.9/171Culturalbackground5AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundOnAugust6,1945,thefirstatomicbombattackoccurredoverHiroshima,Japan.Threedayslater,onAugust9,Nagasaki,Japan,wasbombed.ThebombingofNagasakiwasthelastmajoractofWorldWarIIandwithindays,onAugust15,1945,theJapanesesurrendered.Inestimatingthedeathtollfromtheattacks,thereareseveralfactorsthatmakeitdifficulttoarriveatreliablefigures:inadequaciesintherecordsgiventheconfusionofthetimes,themanyvictimswhodiedmonthsoryearsafterthebombingasaresultofradiationexposure,andnotleast,thepressuretoTheBombingofHiroshimaandNagasaki10/171Culturalbackground6AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundeitherexaggerateorminimizethenumbers,dependinguponpoliticalagenda.Thatsaid,itisestimatedthatbyDecember1945,asmanyas140,000haddiedinHiroshimabythebombanditsassociatedeffects.InNagasaki,roughly74,000peoplediedofthebombanditsaftereffects.Inbothcities,mostofthecasualtieswerecivilians.TheintentionalkillingofciviliansbytheAlliesofWorldWarII－whoclaimedthattheircausewasjust－raisedmoralquestionsaboutthejustcourseofthewar.11/171GlobalReading-generalGeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesThroughintroducingYamahata’spictures,theauthoraimsatbringingtopeople’sattentionwhatkindofcatastrophicconsequencesnuclearthreatmayleadtoandthattheunpredictabilityofnuclearattackmightmakeanycityintheworldbecomethenexttarget.Therefore,theonlywaytokeepthisworldsafefromnuclearperilisforpeopletotakeactiontodispelnuclearweaponryfromtheearth.Rhetoricalfeatures12/171GlobalReading-structural1GeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesThisargumentativeessaydescribesnucleardestructionthroughaJapanesephotographer’spictures.Thetextcomprisesthreeparts.PartI(Paragraph1):Thewriterdescribesthephotographsandhowaviewofmountainsinthebackgroundofonepicturepowerfullycaptureshowthoroughlythecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbomb.Rhetoricalfeatures13/171GlobalReading–structural2PartII(Paragraphs2—3):TheauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshima,becauseitsuggeststhatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagainandthreateneveryone,soweneedtotakeactiontodispelthenuclearthreatfromtheEarth.PartIII(Paragraph4):Herestateshismainidea,i.e.weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclearperilbuttakeactiontoeliminateittocreateasaferworld.GeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesRhetoricalfeatures14/171GlobalReading-rhetorical1InEnglish,informationcanbeorganizedinvariousways.Oneoftheeffectivewaysofemphasizingsomeinformationistoputitafterthewordbutinthe“(not)AbutB”structure.Inthetext,theauthorusesthisrhetoricaldevicemanytimes.Forinstance,Thephotographsdisplaythefateofasinglecity,buttheirmeaningisuniversal...(Paragraph2)Practice:

Pickoutsomeothersentenceswiththesamestructureandanalyzetheeffecttheyachieve.GeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesRhetoricalfeatures15/171Globalreading-rhetorical2GeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesRhetoricalfeatures1)Thetruemeasureoftheeventliesnotinwhatremainsbutinallthathasdisappeared.(Paragraph1)2)…thechallengeisnotjusttoapprehendthenuclearperilbuttoseizeaGod-givenopportunitytodispelitonceandforall.(Paragraph3)3)…oneshowingnotwhatwewouldlosethroughourfailurebutwhatwewouldgainbyoursuccess.(Paragraph3)Apartfromthe“AbutB”sentencestructure,wecanalsofindthe“AyetB”type:16/171Andwecanfindasentencethatorganizesinformationinasimilarwaywithouttheuseoftheconjunction“but”or“yet”:6)Arrivingahalf-centurylate,theyarestillnews.(Paragraph2)Globalreading-rhetorical34)NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima...YetthebombingofNagasakiisincertainrespectsthefittersymbolofthenucleardangerthatstillhangsoverus.(Paragraph2)5)Yamahata’spicturesaffordaglimpseoftheendoftheworld.Yetinourday,...(Paragraph3)GeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesRhetoricalfeatures17/171OnAugust9,1945,thedaytheatomicbombwasdroppedonNagasaki,YosukeYamahata,aphotographerservingintheJapanesearmy,wasdispatchedtothedestroyedcity.Thehundredorsopictureshetookthenextdayconstitutethefullestphotographicrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence.Hiroshima,destroyedthreedaysearlier,hadlargelyescapedthecamera’slensinthefirstdayafterthebombing.ItwasthereforelefttoYamahatatorecord,methodically－and,asithappens,withagreatandsimpleartistry

－theeffectsonahumanpopulationofanuclearweapononlyhoursafterJonathanSchellAVIEWOFMOUNTAINSDetailedreading1Detailedreading118/171Detailedreading2ithadbeenused.SomeofYamahata’spicturesshowcorpsescharredinthepeculiarwayinwhichanuclearfireballcharsitsvictims.Theyhavebeenburnedbylight－technicallyspeaking,bythe“thermalpulse”－andtheirbodiesareoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes,whosecolorsabsorblightindifferentdegrees.Onephotographshowsahorsetwistedunderthecartithadbeenpulling.Anothershowsaheapofsomethingthatoncehadbeenahumanbeinghangingoveraledgeintoaditch.AthirdshowsagirlwhohassomehowsurvivedunwoundedstandingintheopenmouthofabombshelterDetailedreading19/171Detailedreading3andsmilinganunearthlysmile,shockinguswiththesightofordinarylife,whichotherwiseseemstohavebeenleftbehindforgoodinthesceneswearewitnessing.Stretchingintothedistanceonallsidesarefieldsofrubbledottedwithfires,and,inthebackground,aviewofmountains.Wecanseethemountainsbecausethecityisgone.Thatabsence,evenmorethanwreckage,containstheheartofthematter.Thetruemeasureoftheeventliesnotinwhatremainsbutinallthathasdisappeared.Detailedreading20/171Detailedreading4IttookafewsecondsfortheUnitedStatestodestroyNagasakiwiththeworld’ssecondatomicbomb,butittookfiftyyearsforYamahata’spicturesoftheeventtomakethejourneybackfromNagasakitotheUnitedStates.Theywereshownforthefirsttimeinthiscountryin1995,attheInternationalCenterforPhotographyinNewYork.Arrivingahalf-centurylate,theyarestillnews.Thephotographsdisplaythefateofasinglecity,buttheirmeaningisuniversal,since,inourageofnucleararms,whathappenedtoNagasakican,inaflash,happentoanycityintheworld.Inthephotographs,Nagasakicomesintoitsown.NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima,asifDetailedreading221/171Detailedreading5Detailedreading

thehumanimaginationhadstumbledtoexhaustioninthewreckageofthefirstruinedcitywithoutreachingeventheoutskirtsofthesecond.YetthebombingofNagasakiisincertainrespectsthefittersymbolofthenucleardangerthatstillhangsoverus.Itisproofthat,havingonceusednuclearweapons,wecanusethemagain.Itintroducestheideaofaseries－theseriesthat,withtensofthousandsofnuclearweaponsremaininginexistence,continuestothreateneveryone.(Theunpredictable,open-endedcharacteroftheseriesissuggestedbythefactthatthesecondbomboriginallywastobedroppedonthecityofKokura,whichwassparedNagasaki’sfateonlybecausebadweather22/171Detailedreading6Detailedreadingprotecteditfromview.)Eachpicturethereforeseemednotsomuchanimageofsomethingthathappenedahalf-centuryagoasawindowcutintothewallofthephotographycentershowingwhatsooncouldeasilyhappentoNewYork.Wherevertheexhibitmighttravel,moreover,theviewofthreatenedfuturefromthese“windows”wouldberoughlyaccurate,since,althougheveryintactcityisdifferentfromeveryother,allcitiesthatsuffernucleardestructionwilllookmuchthesame.23/171Detailedreading7DetailedreadingYamahata’spicturesaffordaglimpseoftheendoftheworld.Yetinourday,whenthechallengeisnotjusttoapprehendthenuclearperilbuttoseizeaGod-givenopportunitytodispelitonceandforall,weseemtoneed,inaddition,someotherpicturetocounterpoiseagainstruinedNagasaki

－oneshowingnotwhatwewouldlosethroughourfailurebutwhatwewouldgainbyoursuccess.Whatmightthatpicturebe,though?Howdoyoushowtheoppositeoftheendoftheworld?ShoulditbeNagasaki,intactandalive,beforethebombwasdropped－orperhapsthesparedcityofKokura?324/171Detailedreading8DetailedreadingShoulditbeachild,oramotherandchild,orperhapstheEarthitself?Noneseemsadequate,forhowcanwegiveadefiniteformtothatwhichcanassumeinfiniteforms,namely,thelivesofallhumanbeings,nowandinthefuture?Imagination,facedwitheithertheendoftheworldoritscontinuation,mustremainincomplete.Onlyactioncansatisfy.25/171Detailedreading9DetailedreadingOnce,thearrivalintheworldofnewgenerationstookcareofitself.Now,theycancomeintoexistenceonlyif,throughanactoffaithandcollectivewill,weensuretheirrighttoexist.Performingthatactisthegreatestoftheresponsibilitiesofthegenerationsnowalive.Thegiftoftimeisthegiftoflife,forever,ifweknowhowtoreceiveit.426/171Whyisaviewofmountainsprovidedbyapicturesosignificantthatitwaschosenasthetitleoftheessay?Detailedreading1--Quesion1Aviewofmountainsinthedistanceratherthanthewreckageismeanttoremindtheviewerofthecitythatwasleveledtothegroundbytheatomicbombandofthenormallifethatwouldhavebeengoingonthere.Thisiswherethesignificanceofthepicturelies.Detailedreading27/171Detailedreading1--Quesion2DetailedreadingWhyareYamahata’spicturesstillnews?BecauseitwasthefirsttimethatAmericanshadeverseenthepicturessincetheatomicbombingfiftyyearsago.28/171Detailedreading1--Quesion3DetailedreadingInwhatway(s)isthebombingofNagasakithefittersymbolofthenucleardanger?ThebombingofNagasakiisregardedasthefittersymbolofthenuclearperilintworespects.First,itisevidencethatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagaintodestroyhumancivilization.Second,thefactthatNagasakihadnotbeentheoriginallychosentargetofthenuclearattackshowstheunpredictabilityofpossiblenuclearattacksinthefuture.Thatis,everycityintheworldisliabletonucleardestruction.29/171Detailedreading1--Quesion4DetailedreadingWhatistheuniversalmeaningofYamahata’sphotos?Theywereintendedtodemonstratethedevastatingpowerofnuclearweaponsandexpressanapprehensionofthenuclearperilmenacingtheworld.30/171Detailedreading1--Quesion5DetailedreadingDoYamahata’spicturesfullyexpresstheauthor’sintentionofwriting?Whyorwhynot?No,itonlyexpressespartofit,becausethewriterintendsnotonlytoexpresshisapprehensionofthenuclearthreatbut,moreimportantly,tocallonthepeopletotakeactionstobanishforevernuclearweaponryfromtheEarth.31/171Detailedreading1–Activity1DetailedreadingGroupdiscussionDoyoufindtheInternetusefulinyourlife?WhatadvantagesdoestheInternetbringtoyou?ArethereanydisadvantagesoftheInternet?ShareyouropinionsabouttheprosandconsoftheInternetwithyourgroupmates.32/171dispatch:v.

sendsb./sth.somewhere,especiallyforaspecialpurposeDetailedreading1–dispatch

e.g.Eventheairforcewasmobilizedtodispatchrelieftothequake-strickenarea.Thegovernmentwaspreparingtodispatch4,000soldierstosearchtheisland.Detailedreading33/171ColoredpeopleconstituteamajorityofthepopulationinWesternCape.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Detailedreading1–constitute

Detailedreadingconstitute:v.a.[linkingverb,notinprogressive]beconsideredtobesth.Failingtocompletetheworkconstitutesabreachoftheemploymentcontract.Nitrogenconstitutes78%oftheearth’satmosphere.e.g.b.

Ifseveralpeopleorthingsconstitutesth.,theyarethepartsthatformit.Wemustredefinewhatconstitutesafamily.Itisuptotheteachertodecidewhatconstitutessatisfactorywork.e.g.Translation:西海角省（WesternCape）大部分居民是有色人种。34/171Detailedreading2–brand1Detailedreadingbrand:v.labelormarkwithorasifwithabrandtodescribesb.orsth.asaverybadtypeofpersonorthing,oftenunfairlyTheybrandedthecattleonebyone.TheUSadministrationrecentlybrandedhimasawarcriminal.e.g.Collocation:brandsb.assth.brandsth.withsth.(ofteninpassive)Note:brand:n.atypeofproductmadebyaparticularcompany35/171Detailedreading2–brand2DetailedreadingTranslation:我很高兴地告诉您，你们“永久”牌自行车已成为我方市场上最畅销商品之一。Iamgladtotellyouthatyour“Forever”bicyclehasbecomeoneofthebestsellingbrandsonourmarket.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________36/171Detailedreading3–witness1Detailedreadingwitness:v.see,hear,orknowbypersonalpresenceandperceptione.g.Onlyonepersonwitnessedtheaccident.TheHuangpuRiverhaswitnessedthedevelopmentofShanghai.Note:witness:n.apersonwhoseessth.happenandisabletodescribeittootherpeopleTranslation:警方呼吁这个事故目击者出来作证。Policehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident.____________________________________________________________37/171Detailedreading3–witness2Detailedreadinge.g.Wewerewitnesstotheworstperiodintheclub’shistory.e.g.Bristol’sgrandbuildingsbearwitnesstothecity’smagnificentpast.bewitnesstosth.:(formal)seesth.happenbearwitnesstosth.:(formal)showthatsth.existsorexistedCollocation:38/171Detailedreading3–dotDetailedreadingdot:v.

coverorsprinklewithorasifwithdotse.g.Thecountrysideisdottedwithbeautifulancientchurches.Wehaveofficesdottedallovertheregion.Note:dot:n.asmallroundmark,especiallyonethatisprintedonthedot:exactlyontimeorattheexacttimementionedCollocation:e.g.Breakfastisservedat8onthedot.8点整开早饭。39/171Detailedreading4–comeintoone’sownDetailedreadingcomeintoone’sown:acquire,enterintopossessionof;becomeverygood,useful,orimportantinaparticularsituatione.g.Theserialcomposershavefinallycomeintotheirown.Onicyroads,afour-wheeldrivevehiclereallycomesintoitsown.40/171Detailedreading4–intheshadowof1Detailedreadinge.g.Tomwasagoodlawyer,buthewasalwaysintheshadowofhisfamousfather.Livingintheshadowofaglamoroussister,Hildawasquietandshy.intheshadowof:intheshadowofsb.:receivinglittleattentionbecausesb.elseisbetterknownormoreskillfule.g.ThechildrenofthesurvivorslivedtheirlivesintheshadowoftheHolocaust.Theorganizationistryingtoprotectcivilrightsintheshadowofterrorism.intheshadowofsth.:influencedbysth.badthathashappenedorcouldhappen41/171Detailedreading4–intheshadow2Detailedreadinge.g.TheeventsofSeptember11castashadowoverthecelebrations.castashadowover/onsth.:makesth.seemlessenjoyable,attractive,orimpressive42/171Detailedreading5–stumbleDetailedreadingstumble:

v.

walkorgounsteadily

e.g.TheroomwasdarkandStannearlyfelloverachairashestumbledtothephone.Havingdrunkhalfabottleofwhiskey,Istumbledupstairsandintobed.43/171Detailedreading5–ruinDetailedreadingruin:v.

devastate;reducetotheremainse.g.Therainabsolutelyruinedourbarbecue.Ifthepressshouldfindoutaboutthis,hismarriage,hisreputation,andhiscareerwouldallberuined.44/171Detailedreading5–hangoverDetailedreadinghangover:Ifsth.badishangingoveryou,youareworriedoranxiousaboutit.e.g.Thethreatofnuclearwarhangsovermankind.Withthecourtcasehangingoverus,wecouldn’tenjoyourvacation.Extension:hangout(with)e.g.Idon’treallyknowwhoshehangsoutwith.Wheredotheyoungstershangout?45/171Detailedreading5–spare1Detailedreadingspare:v.refrainfromharming,punishingorkillinge.g.Iwantedtosparethemthetroubleofbuyingmeapresent.Thankfullyshehadbeensparedtheordealofsurgery.Collocation:sparesb.thetrouble/difficulty/pain,etc.(ofdoingsth.):preventsb.fromhavingtoexperiencesth.difficultorunpleasante.g.Itwillsparehimembarrassmentifyouspeaktohimaboutitinprivate.Spareusthesuspenseandtelluswhowonthefirstprize!46/171Detailedreading5–spare2Detailedreadinge.g.Emergencyserviceshavesparednoefforttohelppeoplewhosehomesweredestroyedbythetornadoes.Noexpensewassparedindevelopingthenecessarytechnology.sparenoexpense/efforttodosth.:workashardaspossibletoachievesth.47/171Detailedreading6–notsomuch1DetailedreadingnotsomuchAasB:usedtosaythatonedescriptionofsb.orsth.islesssuitableorcorrectthananotherTranslation:e.g.Thedetailsarenotsomuchwrongastheyareincomplete.Heisnotsomuchafilmstarasanartist.与其说是海洋分割了这个世界，不如说是统一了这个世界。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit./Theoceansdonotdividetheworldsomuchasuniteit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________48/171Detailedreading6–notsomuch2Detailedreading在这里所说爱与其说是一个情感，不如说是对他人一个行为。Loveasusedhereisnotsomuchanemotionasitisabehaviortowardothers.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________49/171Detailedreading6–intactDetailedreadingintact:a.entire,unimpaired

e.g.Despitethebombing,thehousewasstillintact.Hedealtthedooratremendousblowbutitremainedintact.Translation:地震过后，有几栋楼依然完好无损。这部手机掉下台阶后依然完好无损。Thecellphoneremainedintactafterbeingdroppeddownthestairs.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Severalbuildingswerestillintactaftertheearthquake.____________________________________________________________50/171Detailedreading7–glimpseDetailedreadingglimpse:n.

averybriefpassinglook,sight,orviewe.g.Icaughtaglimpseofthedriverofthegetawaycar,butIdoubtIwouldrecognizeherifIsawheragain.Thisbiographyoffersonlyafewglimpsesofhislifebeforehebecamefamous.51/171Detailedreading7–apprehend1Detailedreadingapprehend:v.Notethatapprehendisapolysemousword.a.anticipate(sth.)withuneasinessorfeare.g.apprehenddangerineverysoundapprehendahotsummere.g.Thepolicehavesofarfailedtoapprehendthekiller.b.arrestsb.foracrimec.understandorperceivee.g.NowIbegintoapprehendmuchmorefullythepowerofthenaturalforces.52/171Detailedreading7–apprehend2DetailedreadingTranslation:Thepoliceareanxioustoapprehendamiddle-agedmanbelievedtobearmedwithagun.Hewasslowtoapprehenddanger.Hecan’tapprehendtherealnatureofchange.警察急于逮捕一名确信携有枪支中年人。____________________________________________________________他没有及时意识到危险。____________________________________________________________他不能了解变革实质。____________________________________________________________53/171Detailedreading7-peril

Detailedreadingperil:n.

seriousorimmediatedangere.g.Ineverfeltthatmylifewasinperil.Theyputtheirownlivesinperiltorescuetheirfriends.Theeconomyisnowingraveperil.Collocation:inperil54/171Detailedreading7–dispelDetailedreadingdispel:v.causetovanishe.g.Inhislatestnovel,heaimstodispelthemyththatrealmendon’tcry.I’dliketostartthespeechbydispellingafewrumorsthathavebeenspreadingrecently.Translation:能量饮料能帮助驱除疲劳，恢复体力。Energydrinkhelpsdispelfatigueandrestorephysicalstrength.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________55/171Detailedreading9–ensure1Detailedreadingensure:v.

makesth.certaintohappene.g.Followingtheplanecrash,theairlineistakingfurtherstepstoensurepublicsafetyonitsaircraft.Theroleofthepoliceistoensurethatthelawisobeyed.Compare:assure;insure;ensureAssure,ensure,andinsureallmean“tomakesecureorcertain.”Onlyassureisusedwithreferencetoapersoninthesenseof“tosetthemindatrest”:assuredtheleaderofhisloyalty.56/171Detailedreading9–ensure2Detailedreading① Moneydoesn’thappiness.② Icanyouofhisreliability.③ Itisadvisabletoyourlifeagainstaccident.Blankfilling:insure______ensure______assure______Compare:Althoughensureandinsurearegenerallyinterchangeable,onlyinsureisnowwidelyusedinAmericanEnglishinthecommercialsenseof“toguaranteepersonsorpropertyagainstrisk.”57/171Detailedreading1–itwasleft…DetailedreadingItwasthereforelefttoYamahatatorecord,methodically—and,asithappens,withagreatandsimpleartistry—theeffects...Paraphrase:TheresponsibilitywasplacedonYamahata’sshoulderstorecordtheeffectssystematicallyandwithagreatandsimpleartistry.58/171Detailedreading3–thatabsence…DetailedreadingThatabsence,evenmorethanwreckage,containstheheartofthematter.Paraphrase:Thatvanishedcityratherthanitsremainsrepresentsthetruemeasureoftheevent.59/171Detailedreading4–inthephotographs…DetailedreadingInthephotographs,Nagasakicomesintoitsown.Paraphrase:Inthephotographs,Nagasakiregainsitsownstatus.60/171Detailedreading5–thehumanimaginationDetailedreadingThehumanimaginationhadstumbledtoexhaustioninthewreckageofthefirstruinedcitywithoutreachingeventheoutskirtsofthesecond.Paraphrase:ThehumanimaginationhadbeenexhaustedandstoppedatthewreckageofthefirstruinedcityandfailedtoreacheventheoutskirtsofNagasaki.61/171Detailedreading7–weseemtoneed…DetailedreadingWeseemtoneed,inaddition,someotherpicturetocounterpoiseagainstruinedNagasaki.Paraphrase:Apartfromthepi