英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech

Personificationtocomparesomethingthatisnothumanasifithadhuman1英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024

Theflowersdancedinthewind.TheEarthcoughedandchokedinallofthepollution.Thefriendlygateswelcomedus.2英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Personification拟人Thisinvolvesturninganobject–eitherinanimate（无生命的）ornatural–intoahumanoranimalform,withhumanoranimalactionsandfeelings.3英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofpersonificationMycarwhines（哀鸣；惨叫）inpainasitclimbsupsteep（陡峭的）

hills.Thetablegroaned（呻吟）

undertheweightofthefoodplacedonit.4英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Metonymy借代Thesubstitutionofanounforanothercloselyassociatednoun.Thesubstitutednounderives（获得）

itsmeaninginthecontextitisusedbytheassociationproducedinthereadersmind.5英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofmetonymyIncontemporaryEnglishwhenwespeakofastatementfromthe“WhiteHouse”weunderstandthatthisisnotatalkingbuilding,butanofficialcommunicationwiththeauthorityofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswholivesintheWhiteHouse.6英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Thegreyhairshouldberespected.Heistoofondofthebottle.Thepenismightier（强而有力的）

thanthesword.Therewasnotasoulinthestreet.7英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/20241.容器代替内容Pleasehaveacuportwo.Thekettleisboiling.2.工具代替使用者Thepenismightierthanthesword.3.人体器官代替其作用或者感受Ishouldn'tletmyheartrulemyhead.Hehasareadytongue.Shehasanearformusic.8英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/20244.作者代替其作品HaveyoureadShakespeare?5.典型特征代替人Theblueeyeswalkedintotheroom.Thesilverheartlefttheoffice.9英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/202410英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024SynecdocheAfigureofspeechbywhichwholeforpartorpartforwhole,generalforspecificorspecificforgeneral,etc.11英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Exampleofsynedoche1.Allhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板),"2.Greatmindsthinkalike.3.Wereceivedanothersmilingyear.4.Hehasasmoothtongue.5.Theauthoritiesweregreeted.12英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024euphemism委婉语WordsorphrasesthatsubstituteanagreeableorinoffensivetermforamoredirectonethatmightembarrassorsuggestsomethingunpleasantProfane(非宗教的;世俗的)wordsandexpressionsaregenerallytakenfromthreeareas:religion,toilets,andsex.13英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024religionGod–gosh/gollyJesus–jeezDevil–OldNick14英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024 Toiletsmen'sroom/women'sroom

thelittleboy'sroom/thelittlegirl'sroom

restroom

BathroomWashmyhandsthehead,(sailor'sterminology术语)latrine(commonmilitaryterm)passwatertoanswerthenature'scallgetsomefreshairThepenismightier（强而有力的）

thanthesword.15英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024treetrimmer---treesurgeonbootblack---footwearmaintenanceengineerwhore---streetwalker,businessgirl,workinggirl,callgirl16英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024sexSleepwithsomeoneShagBonkExchangingbodilyfluidsGettinglaid17英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024deathPassedawayPassedonDepartedKickedthebucketBoughtthefarmPushingupdaisiesSleepingwiththefishes(掉水里淹死)18英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ironyStatingonethingwhilemeaningtheexactopposite.orthepersoncouldbetryingtoberude,eventhoughthewordsusedareseeminglypoliteetc.19英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofironyYourfriendturnsupinripped（撕裂的）

jeans.Withasmirk（傻笑；假笑）,yousay,"Iseeyouhaveputonyourbestclothes!"20英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024sarcasmSarcasmisaformofironythatiswidelyusedinEnglishespeciallywhenpeoplearebeinghumorous.Generallythesarcasticspeakerorwritermeanstheexactoppositeofthewordtheyuse,oftenintendingtoberudeortolaughatthepersonthewordsareaddressed（针对）

to.21英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofsarcasmIlovebeingmarried.It’ssogreattofindthatonespecialpersonyouwanttoannoyfortherestofyourlifeNotallmenareannoying.Somearedead.22英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Overstatement/Hyperbole夸张Hyperboleisafigureofspeechwhichcontainsadeliberateexaggeration（故意夸大）

–tocoin（创造（新词语））

aphrase,thisiswhenwriters‘gooverthetop’withtheiruseoflanguage,suggestingthatsomethingisthestrongest,thebest,thegreatest,whichofcoursedistorts（使变形；扭曲；使失真

）thetruth.23英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofhyperboleI’msohungryIcouldeatahorse.I'vetoldyouathousandtimes,stopexaggerating.I’venotseenyouforages.It’srainingdogsandcats.24英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024understatement含蓄陈述TheoppositeofhyperboleStatinganideainwordsthatarelessstrongthananticipated（预期的）.tomakesomethingappearsmallerorlessimportantthanitreallyis.25英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofunderstatementItdoesseemtoberainingalittle.There’safewcarsouttoday,aren’tthere?26英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024oxymoronArhetoricalfigurebywhichcontradictoryorincongruous(不一致的)termsareconjoined(结合；连结)soastogivepointtothestatementorexpression;27英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024TransferredEpithet28英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofoxymoronPrettyuglyCivilwarMobilehomeDryiceWhitegoldOldnewsOriginalcopyVoicemailHalfnakedFinaldraftAlmostperfectOpensecretWorkingholidayMinorcrisisActnaturallyOnlychoicebittersweetmemorybadgoodnewspoorrichguy29英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Alliteration（押头韵）Alliterationistherepetitionofthefirst

consonantsoundintwoormorewords.

30英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofalliterationAlso,avoidawkwardoraffected（做作，不自然）

alliteration.31英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024

StanthestrongsurfersavedseveralswimmersonSaturday.TinyTommyThomsontakestoytruckstoTimmy’sonTuesday.32英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/202433英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Pun(双关语；俏皮话)Aplayonwords"thehumoroususeofaword,orofwordswhichareformedorsoundedalikebuthavedifferentmeanings,insuchawayastoplayontwoormoreofthepossibleapplications;aplayonwords."34英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofpunIdoitforthepunofit.Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.What’swrongwiththisfish?Longtimenosea.Whatdolawyersdowhentheydie?Liestill.Tryoursweetcorn.Youwillsmilefromeartoear(笑得合不拢嘴).35英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofpunOldphotographersneverdie,theyjusthaveflashbacks.Thatnewmysterynovelhasakillerstarttoit.Iwonderedwhythebaseballwasgettingbigger.Thenithitme.Hewantedtoflyakite,butitwasoverhishead.Thehospitallabisrecruiting.They'relookingfornewblood.36英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Cliché（陈词滥调，老生常谈）Aclichéisahackneyed（陈腐的；平庸的）phraseorexpression.Thephrasemayoncehavebeenfreshorstriking（显著突出的）,butithasbecometiredthroughover-use.37英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofclichéNopain,nogainEverycoinhastwosidesLast,butnotleast,avoidcliché‘sliketheplague（瘟疫）.38英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Paradox（自相矛盾，悖论）Paradoxisafigureofspeechinwhichastatementappearstobeself-contradictory,butcontainssomethingofatruth.Paradoxisusedforemphasisorstylisticeffect.39英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024ExampleofparadoxThechildisfathertotheman.Cowards（懦夫）

diemanytimesbeforetheirdeath.40英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox(芝诺,希腊哲学家)TheTortoisechallengedAchillestoarace,claimingthathewouldwinaslongasAchillesgavehimasmallheadstart（先行一点点).Achilleslaughedatthis,forofcoursehewasamightywarriorandswiftoffoot,whereastheTortoisewasheavyandslow.

41英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox“Howbigaheadstartdoyouneed?”heaskedtheTortoisewithasmile.“Tenmeters,”thelatterreplied.Achilleslaughedlouderthanever.“Youwillsurelylose,myfriend,inthatcase,”hetoldtheTortoise,“butletusrace,ifyouwishit.”

42英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadoxOnthecontrary,”saidtheTortoise,“Iwillwin,andIcanproveittoyoubyasimpleargument.”

43英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox“Goonthen,”Achillesreplied,withlessconfidencethanhefeltbefore.Heknewhewasthesuperiorathlete,buthealsoknewtheTortoisehadthesharperwits（智慧),andhehadlostmanyabewildering(使人困惑的)argumentwithhimbeforethis.

44英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox“Suppose,”begantheTortoise,“thatyougivemea10-meterheadstart.Wouldyousaythatyoucouldcoverthat10metersbetweenusveryquickly?”“Veryquickly,”Achillesaffirmed(断言；肯定）.“Andinthattime,howfarshouldIhavegone,doyouthink?”

45英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox“Perhapsameter–nomore,”saidAchillesafteramoment'sthought.“Verywell,”repliedtheTortoise,“sonowthereisameterbetweenus.Andyouwouldcatchupthatdistanceveryquickly?”“Veryquicklyindeed!”

46英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox“Andyet,inthattimeIshallhavegonealittlewayfarther,sothatnowyoumustcatchthatdistanceup,yes?”Ye-es,”saidAchillesslowly.“Andwhileyouaredoingso,Ishallhavegonealittlewayfarther,sothatyoumustthencatchupthenewdistance,”theTortoisecontinuedsmoothly.

47英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadoxAchillessaidnothing.“Andsoyousee,ineachmomentyoumustbecatchingupthedistancebetweenus,andyetI–atthesametime–willbeaddinganewdistance,howeversmall,foryoutocatchupagain.”“Indeed,itmustbeso,”saidAchilleswearily.

48英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Zeno’sparadox“Andsoyoucannevercatchup,”theTortoiseconcludedsympathetically.“Youareright,asalways,”saidAchillessadly–andconceded（让步）

therace.

49英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024FiguresofspeechtodowithsoundSomefiguresofspeecharechosenbecauseofthesoundtheymake.Somepoetsorprosewritersoftenchooseawordtoechothemeaning50英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Assonance（半谐音，押韵）assonanceistherepetitionofvowel（sounds元音）.51英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Exampleofassonance52英语修辞手法Figuresofspeech5/9/2024Onomatopoeia（拟声；声喻法）(pronounced:'onno-motto-pay-uh')Onomatopoeiaisafigureofspeechinwhichthesoundofawordechoesthethingitdescribes.Itisaformofsymbolisminsound.53