(英文版)英国现代主义文学English-literature-Modernism

20thcenturyEnglishliteratureModernismDefinitionexcludesfromtheexternal,objecive,materialworldagainstrealismexpressestheinnerfeelingfocusesontheviewpointofasingleconfusedindividualirrationalphilosophybaseastheoreticalbaseBlackgroundTwoWorldWarsimpairedthepowerofBritainThetwocatastrophic(disasterous)WorldWarsseverelyweakenedBritishpowerandbroughtgreatsufferingstoitspepleaswell.TheeconomicrecessionandmentaldepressionimpactedBritishseverely.ManyBritishweredisappointedwithcapitalism.Sun-never-setEmpirefinallycollapsedBlackgroundMarxandEngelsissuedCommunistManifestoEinsteinputforwardTheoryofRelativitywhichrenewedtheconceptsoftimeandspacetremendouslyGreatprogressinphilosophy:analyticalphilosophy,Non-rationalismphilosophyIn1848,ScientificSocialismemerged,guidingtheclassofworkers.Meanwhile,italsogaveanillustrationofreformingcapitalism.OctoberRevolutionin1917(Russia)confirmedpeople'sbelief.FictionLeadingwriterVirginiaWoolf(1882-1941)Englishnovelist,critic,essayistBornandbroughtupinupper-classandliteraryfamily.Bisexual,feminist,marriedoncesufferedfromdepressionafterherparentsdied.SuicidedQuotes"Whatisthemeaningoflife?...asimplequestion;onethattendedtocloseinononewithyears.Thegreatrevelationhadnevercome.Thegreatrevelationperhapsneverdidcome.Insteadtherewerelittledailymiracles,illuminations(=enlightment),matchesstruckunexpectedlyinthedark."VirginaandherdevotedhusbandMainWorksMrs.DallowayTotheLighthouseOrlando:AbiographyARoomofOne'sOwn

Streamofconsciousness(non-fictionwork)Mrs.DallowayTotheLighthouseOrlando:AbiographyARoomofOne'sOwn

literarytechniquewhichwaspioneeredbyDorthyRichardson,VirginiaWoolf,andJamesJoyce.Streamofconsciousnessischaracterizedbyaflowofthoughtsandimages,whichmaynotalwaysappeartohaveacoherent(=clear)structureorcohesion.Theplotlinemayweaveinandoutoftimeandplace,carryingthereaderthroughthelifespanofacharacterorfurtheralongatimelinetoincorporate(=combined)thelives(andthoughts)ofcharactersfromothertimeperiods.Importantcharactertraitsarerevealedthroughanexplorationofwhatisgoingoninthemind.LeadingwriterJamesJoyce(1882-1941)Irishnovelist,famousforstreamoftheconsciousnessoneofthefoundersofPostmodernismledadestituteandhomelesslife,sufferfromeyeillnessMainworksUlyssesFinnegansWakerecordsasalesmanLeopoldBloom'sasingledayinJune16,1904inDublin.depictsadreamofMr.Earwicker,aDublininnkeeper,inadreamlanguageextensiveuseofintermonologwithcomplexnetworkofsymbolicparallelscreativeuseofinventedwords,puns(双关语)andallusions〔典故〕.LeadingwriterD.H.Lawrence(1885-1930)Britishnovelist,critic,poet,playwright(剧作家)andpainter.calledonnaturallifeespeciallycontroversialandsomeworkswerebannedaspornographic(色情的).MainWorksSonsandlovers(Lawrence'sfinestachievement)Therainbowliesinthepsychologicaldevelopmentofcharactersandinhisenergeticcriticismofdehumanizing(丧失人性的)effectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhunmannature.astoryaboutthreegenerationsoftheBrangwenfamilyonMarshfarm.PoetryLeadingpoetWilliamButlerYeats(1865-1939)Irishpoet,dramatistandprosewriteratoweringfigurein20thcenturyliteratureinEnglish,amasteroftraditionalverse(=poetry)formswinneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1923,famousforpoetry,alwaysinterestedinmysticaltheoriesandimages,thesupernatural,theesotericandtheoccult.MainworksTheWildSwansatCoole(柯尔庄园)MichaelRobartesandtheDancerTheTowerLeadingpoetT.SEliot(1888-1965)American-Englishpoet,dramatistandliterarycriticwinneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1948"NothingCanBeDone,ButSomethingCanBeSaid"MainWorksTheWasteLandFourQuarters(四重奏)BurntNorton〔焚毁的诺顿〕EastCokerTheDrySalvagesLittleGidding(吉丁村)Timeandeternity,historyandthepresent,theintervention(=interference)ofthedivine(=priest)inhunmanlifeandthepossibilityofreconciliation(=settlement)ThemeDramaMainDramatistGeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)Irishdramatist,literarycritic,socialistsopkenmantheFabianSocietytheresentmentofEnglishsocietyw