2022年江苏省南京市、盐城市高考英语二模试卷(附答案详解)

第=page22页，共=sectionpages22页第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022年江苏省南京市、盐城市高考英语二模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）A•Doananonymous（匿名的）actofkindnessforsomeone.

•Leaveasmilecardbehindtoencouragethemtopay-it-forward.

•Shareyourstoryheretospreadtheinspiration.

•hangedtheworld,onekindactatatime.

ORDERSMILECARDS

TorequestSmileCards,pleasefillouttheformbelow.Avolunteerwillmailyouanorderoftencardswithintwoweeks.SmileCardsareofferedtoanyonewhorequeststhemonapay-it-forwardbasis.Thatmeansthereisnochargeforasetofcards.Someonebeforeyouhaspaidforyourcards,andyouareinvitedtokeepthechaingoingandpay-forwardwhateveryouwishforthenextperson!Forspecialeventsorcircumstanced,youcanalsoplacealargequantityofrequest.

Note：WhenusingaSmileCard,remembernottojusthanditoutbyitself.TheideaistodosomethingkindforsomeoneandthenleavetheSmileCardbehind,sothattheyknowsomeonereachedouttothem,andthattheyareinvitedtopay-forwardthekindnessandkeeptherippledgoing!

Country：*-select-Name：*________

Thereisadailymaximumorderforeachcountry.Pleaseselectacountryfirsttomakesurewehavenotexceededthequota（定额）fortheday.

Address：*________City：*________

State：*-select-Emailaddress：*________

Inspiration：*________

PleasetelluswhatinspiredyoutoorderSmileCards,andgiveusanexampleofakindactyou'dliketodousingthem.

PLACEsmileCARDORDERNOW

ABOUTUS

KindSpringisaplacetopracticesmallactsofkindness.ForoveradecadetheKindSpringusercommunityhasfocusedoninnertransformation,whilecollectivelychangingtheworldwithgenerosity,gratitude,andtrust.Thesiteis100%volunteer-runandtotallynon-commercial.Itisasharedlaboroflove.Whencanyouuseasmilecard？______A.Yourfriend'sbirthdayisapproaching.

B.Yourclassmatehaswonthefirstprize.

C.You'veorderedlunchforapoorfriend.

D.Youfindyourclassmateinlowspirits.Toordersmilecards,youhaveto______.A.payfortheminadvance

B.placeabigquantityofrequest

C.mailsomenecessaryinformation

D.tellwhatfavoryouwilldoforothersThepurposeofusingsmilecardsistoencouragepeopleto______.A.spreadkindness B.becomevolunteers

C.advertiseforKindSpring D.payothers'kindnessbackBNowadaysmaildeliveryisalittledifferent.Istillgetmymailfrommymailbox.Nothing,butmyneighbors'mail.Ithoughtthatwascurious.

Iproceededtotakemyneighbors'mailtothem.Iwasabouttoputthemailintheirmailboxwhenatallmancamerunningoutshoutingaboutmessingwithhisfriend'smail.Hesnatched（夺过）themailfrommyhand,openedthemailboxandpointedtothemailinside."Youwereafterthis."

Ishookmyhead,"No,believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjustbringingittothem."Hegavemeafunnylookandwentbackintohishouse.

Igottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.TheannoyedtallmanhadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyoldwomangoingaroundmixingupeveryone'smail.BeforeIcouldfinishtellingthemaboutwhatwasgoingon,theofficershadwatchedadogapproachmymailboxwithmailinhismouth.Hetookoutthemailthatwasinmyboxandputlettersin.Hepushedthedoorclosedwithhisnose,pickedupthenewpileofmailhehadgottenfrommybox,andrepeatedthisallthewaydownthenextstreet.Weallstartedlaughing.

Thedoghadbelongedtoamailcarrierwhohaddied.Noonethoughttocheck（thecarrierlivedalone）ontheman'sdog.Thedoghadbeentrainedtoputmailinandtakemailoutoftheboxes.Whenhegotloose,heassumedhisduties.

Iwentbytotalktotheannoyedtallmantofillhiminonwhathadhappened.HewasverypleasedwhenherealizedIwasnotamailthief.Hedid,however,adoptthelittleguy.Whydidthetallmangivetheauthorafunnylook？______A.Toshowhisdisbelief. B.Toexpresshiscuriosity.

C.Tocontainhisannoyance. D.Tohidehisembarrassment.Howdidthepoliceofficersdiscoverthetruth？______A.Byanalyzingthecase. B.Bywitnessingthemix-up.

C.Byquestioningtheauthor. D.Byconsultingthetallman.Accordingtothestory,thedog______.A.waswell-trainedanddevoted

B.usedtolivealonelyandbusylife

C.wasassignedtoreplacethecarrier

D.guardedthemailintheneighborhoodWhat'sthebesttitleforthestory？______A.Amailservice B.Adog'stale

C.Specialdelivery D.NobledutiesCIrememberwhenKamalaharriesbecameJoeBiden'srunningmate.Itseemedfunnyhowmanypeoplepronouncedhernameincorrectly.Ononeoccasion,anewshostbecameupsetwhenbeingcorrected,andpurposelycalledherKumbaya.

IamnostrangertothisissueasmanyofmystudentsarefromAsianandMiddleEasterncountries,andsometimestheirnamesaredifficultformetopronounce,evenafteraskingthemhowtosayit.ManystudentsseemunwillingtocorrectmewhenIattempttolearntheirnamescorrectly.TheotherthingI'veseeningrowingnumbersisstudents"adopting"anEnglishname.

It'smuchmorecommonthanmanythink,forpeopletochangetheirnamesinordertofitin.Thisisespeciallythecasewhenitcomestoseekingjobs.Racialandculturalminoritiesoftenattempttoavoiddiscriminationhiringbyhidingracialcuesontheresumeincludingchangingtheirname.Thisisreferredtoas"résuméwhitening".Researchshowsalmost50percentofblackandAsianjobapplicantsdidso.

XianZhaofromtheUniversityofTorontoresearchesethnic（种族的）namepronunciation,sayingthatmanypeopledon'tunderstandthathabituallypronouncinganunfamiliarnameinaccuratelyisaformofindirectdiscrimination.Itsendsamessagethat"youaretheminorities"，saysZhao."Youarenotimportantinthisenvironment,sowhyshouldItaketimeandmyefforttolearnit？"Ontheotherend,thosewithethnicnamesfrequentlydon'tcorrectpeople,evenwhentheirnameispronouncedwrongrepeatedly,feelingitisbetterjusttokeepthepeaceandnotstandoutforbeingdifficult.

Itisimportanttotrytopronounceeveryone'snameastheypronounceit.Thiscommunicatedrespectofthemasapersonandtheirculture.Thereisnothingwrongwithaskingsomeonetorepeattheirnamesothatyoucanlearntopronounceitproperly.Thisisusuallyappreciated.Whentheirnamesareincorrectlypronounced,theauthor'sAsianstudents______.A.attempttolaughatit B.tendtoacceptit

C.offertocorrecttheauthor D.agreetochangetheirnamesWhichofthefollowingcanbeseenas"resumewhitening"？______A.Anapplicationforabetterjob.

B.Achangeinworkenvironment.

C.Abanonracialdiscriminationinworkplace.

D.ApracticeofusingWesternnamesinjobseeking.Inhisresearch,XianZhaofindsthat______.A.ethnicsaccepttheirnamesbeingmispronouncedtosavetrouble

B.ethnicsfighteffectivelywiththediscriminationagainsttheirnames

C.manywesternerspronounceethnicnamesincorrectlyonpurpose

D.manywesternersmakeeffortstopronounceethnicnamescorrectlyWhat'stheauthor'sattitudetowardpronouncingethnicnamescorrectly？______A.Critical. B.Uncaring. C.Reserved. D.Supportive.DForgenerations,depressionhasbeenseenasanillness,disorderorevenweakness.Suchanideamakessensebecausedepressioncausessufferingandevendeath.Butwhatifwe'regotitallwrong？

Thecommonwisdomisthatdepressionstartsinthemindwithabnormalthinking.Thatleadstosymptomslikeheadaches,stomachaches,ortiredness.Now,modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe'regotitbackward.It'sthebodythatdetectsdangerandinitiateadefensestrategymeanttohelpussurvive.Thatbiologicalstrategyiscalledimmobilization,anditdemonstratedinthemindandthebodywithasetofsymptomswecalldepression.

Whenwethinkofdepressionasunnecessarysuffering,wearetellingpeoplewithdepressionthattheyarenotpartofthegroup,theyarenotrightandtheydon'tbelong.Thatrobsthemofhope.Butwhenwebegintounderstandthatdepression,atleastinitially,happensforagoodreasonwelifttheshame.Instead,peoplewithdepressionarecourageoussurvivors,notdamagedsickpeople.

Theautonomicnervoussystem（ANS）isconstantlyscanningourinternalandexternalenvironmentforsignsofdanger.IfourANSdetectsathreatorevenasimplelackofsafety,itsnextstrategyisthefightorflightresponse,whichweoftenfeelasanxiety.Sometimesthethreatissobadorgoesonforsolong,thatthenervoussystemdecadesthereisnowaytofightortoflee.Atthatpoint,thereisonlyoneoptionleft：immobilization.

Theimmobilizationresponseistheoriginalbiologicaldefenseinhigheranimals.Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected.Thinkofsomereptiles（爬行动物），whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater.Inhumans,peopleoftendescribefeeling"outoftheirbodies"duringextremelyunpleasantevents,whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock.Thisisimportantbecausesomethingsaresoterrible,wedon'twantpeopletobefullypresentwhentheyhappen.Whatincrediblecapacityofourbiologytofindawayinhardtimes!WhydoestheauthormentionthePolyvagalTheory？______A.Toofferastandardforidentifyingdepression.

B.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofmentalproblems.

C.Tomakesenseofhowdepressionaffectspeople.

D.Tocorrectacommonlyheldideaaboutdepression.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3？______A.Depressioncanbringpeopleincrisishope.

B.Peoplemayfeelitwrongtohavedepression.

C.Depressionisanunnecessaryhumanemotion.

D.Peopleoftenfeelproudoffightingdepression.Whatis"immobilization"inthetext？______A.Buildingupanxiety. B.Risingtochallenged.

C.Shuttingdownaction. D.Pullingthroughacrisis.Inwhichorderdoesourbodyreacttoanextremelyunpleasantsituation？______

①seektoworkoutsolutions

②becomeawareofathreat

③experienceemotionalshock

④startdefensivedisconnectionA.②③④① B.④②①③ C.②①③④ D.④①②③二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）WhenFailureIsaGoodThingFailureisanimportantprocessyoucanlearnfrom.(1)

Mostpeopleviewfailureassomethingthatshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.(2)Itmayhavebeenan"F"wereceivedonapaperorthehighexpectationsourparentsplaceduponourshouldersthatstoppedusfromtrying.

Award-winningpsychologistandauthor,RonFriedman,tellsthestoryofhowSaraBlakely,founderofspans,revolutionizedthewomen'sclothingindustryandbecameabillionaireinhisbook,TheBestPlaceToWork：TheArtandScienceofCreatinganExtraordinaryWorkplace.

(3)Shehadzeroexperienceintheclothingindustry,lackedaneducationinbusinessandraisedonly﹩5，000toinvest.Whenaskedwhereshefoundthecourage,shegaveallcredittoherdad.Whilemostparentsasktheirkids,"Howwasyourday？"whensittingdownfordinner,Sara'sparentsaskedherandherbrother,"Whatdidyoufailattoday？"acheandeverynight.

WheninterviewedbyCNN'sAndersoncooler,Sarasaid,"Insteadoffailurebeingtheoutcome,failurebecamenottrying.Itforcedmeatayoungagetowanttopushmyselfsomuchfurtheroutofmycomfortzone."(4)Itbecamemoreaboutlearningandlessaboutapersonalweakness.

Ifweviewfailureasweakness,weavoidsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.(5)Itdoesnotdefineus,butinsteadmaturedus.I'msurethattherearemanyriskswewouldalltakeinourpersonal,professionalandspirituallivesifwecouldgetpastafearoffailure.

Whathasbeenthegreatestlessonyouhavelearnedwhentakingachance？Pleasesharewithus.

A.And,mostimportantly,itmeansyoutried.

B.Let'stakealookathowSarafacedfailure.

C.Inreality,Sara'sfatherhadre-definedfailure.

D.Earlyon,Saraovercameaseriesofdifficulties.

E.Instead,wemustremindourselvesthatfailureisanaction.

F.Itisimportanttoreflectonwhatcanbelearntfromfailure.

G.Wetendtoconnectfailurewithabadexperiencewehadasachild.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Afterthepublicationofmyfirsttwobooks,IsentmypublisherSummeroftheWolves.I'dwrittenitwithgreatpassion,filledwith(21).But,thepublisher(22)it.Isentittotwoorthreeotherpublishers.The(23)results!

Ithoughtthisnovelmustbereallybadandcriedforthreedays.I(24)thenovel.ButIcouldn'tstop(25).Inafewyears,Ifocusedonmyskillsand(26)afewmorewithagencies.

Oneday,a(27)asked,"Doyouhaveanythingelse？"Andyes,Idid-SummeroftheWolves."Sendittome,"shesaid.SoI'did.Afewweekslater,she(28)myrewritingitinfirstperson.

Ithadbeenwrittenintwovoicedinthirdperson.Therefore,thatwasa（n）(29)amountofworktome.ButIwaswillingtotakethe(30).Twomonthslater,she(31)mewhenitwaspublishedandaskedmetowriteanotherone.Icouldn'tbelieve(32)wasknockingatmydoor.

Iamnotagreattalent,butIama(33)worker.I'vepublishedlanovelsbutwritten15.Willthoseotherfourever(34)thelightofday？Ihopeso.Ikeepworkingandnevergiveup.Itisa(35)，notashortrace.

A.strength B.confidence C.imagination D.gratitude

A.admired B.delayed C.accepted D.rejected

A.normal B.desired C.same D.satisfying

A.cutout B.burntup C.toreapart D.putaway

A.thinking B.crying C.writing D.complaining

A.translated B.released C.edited D.revised

A.publisher B.follower C.reporter D.reader

A.excused B.allowed C.suggested D.appreciated

A.proper B.exact C.small D.fair

A.challenge B.reality C.risk D.credit

A.comforted B.congratulated C.instructed D.bothered

A.success B.wealth C.fame D.courage

A.clever B.hard C.fast D.strict

A.feel B.reflect C.see D.absorb

A.marathon B.lesson

C.competition D.transformation四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）LockdownLoveThecostofatypicalSaudiweddingisenoughtopreventthemostpassionatelover.Evenasimplepartyinvolvesrentinganimpressiveballroom.Thentherearethecheerleadersandmusicians.Menandwomengatherinseparatehalls,(1)（double）someoftheprices.Altogetheritmightcost200，000riyals（﹩53，000）.Often,manyofthesemarriagesendindivorce.Thosethatdon't(2)（burden）withdebt.

Therefore,manycoupleshavewelcomedthese(3)（restrict）thathavecomewithCovid-19.In2020SaudiArabialimitedgatheringsto50peopleor(4)（few）.Socouplescoulddownsizetheirweddings(5)losingface.Somechose(6)（share）hallsoverballrooms.Smallercrowdsatesmallercakes.AllinallaSaudicouplemighthavespent90%lessontheirweddings.Willlow-costweddingsbecomethenewnorm？It'sreported(7)fewcouplescomplainedwhentheCovid-19forcedSaudiArabiatoplacesomelimitations.Thoughtheoutbreakreceded（退去），somestillexpressconcernoverthehealthofin-laws."Agirlalwaysdreamsofafive-starmarriage,butCovid-19hasmadeusmore(8)（practice），"saysBayanZahran,alawyerinJeddah.Somecouplesareoptingforasimpleparty,(9)placeslittlepressureoneitherside.They,(10)muststilldealwithpressurefromtheirfamilyandpeers.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）假定你是李华。上周三你校开展了"高雅艺术进校园"的活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：

1.活动目的；

2.活动内容；

3.活动反响。

注意：

1.词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

ElegantArtintoCampus——————————OnFebruary21，2018，ChristineCheers'worldfellapart.Someoneontheotherendofthephonehadsaidthewordsthatbringparentstotheirknees："There'sbeenanaccident."Her32-year-oldNavyflightsurgeonJameswasinjuredinatrainingmission.Athospital,ChristineandherhusbandDavidweretoldthathewouldneverbreatheonhisownandhewouldneversmileatthemagain.

ItwastimeforChristinetohonorthespiritofhersonwhohadswitchedhismajorfromcommerceengineeringtopremed（医学预科）becausehewantedtohelppeople.Itwastimetomakehereveryworstdaysomestranger'sbestone.Sheinstructedthehospitaltobegintheorgandonationprocess.ChristineCheerswasn'tleavingthehospitaluntileverylastoneofherson'sorgansleftthebuilding.SheandDavidwatchedhospitalemployeescarrycoolersfromtheoperationroom.Thelastonewashisheart."ThatwastheoneIcaredaboutmost,"Christinesays,"Withbraveryandselflessness,Jameshadsuchanamazingheart."SeeingJames'sheartleavethebuilding,Christinefellintoasadnesssodeepthatclimbingoutseemedimpossible.HeronlycomfortwouldbetofindoutthatJames'sorganshadhelpedpeople,soshewroteeachreceiveraletterjusttoknowiftheyweredoingallright.

Mikecozen,acyclist,hadahearttransplant.James'sheart!Twomonthsafterthesurgery,Mikegotacallfromtheorganizationthatarrangedthetransplant（移植）.TheyhadaletterforhimfromJames'smother.AshereadChristine'sletter,Mikebegantounderstandjusthowspecialhisnewheartwas.EagertoknowmoreaboutJames,Mikegoggledhim.Hefoundtheyhadalotincommon.Theywerebothathleticandpracticallythesameage.AnotherthinghelearnedaboutJames：Hisgravesite（墓地）wasinJacksonville-theothersideofthecountry.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Uponrecovery,Mikeannouncedonsocialmediatotakeacross-countrytrip.____________

MikegotoffhisbikeandwalkedstraighttoChristine,whowaswaitingatthegravesite.________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、A

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据Note中的WhenusingaSmileCard,remembernottojusthanditoutbyitself.TheideaistodosomethingkindforsomeoneandthenleavetheSmileCardbehind（当使用微笑卡片时，记住不要把它单独分发出去。这个想法是为别人做一些善良的事情，然后把微笑卡片留在身后。）可知，做一件善良的事情时，可以使用微笑卡，因此C.You'veorderedlunchforapoorfriend.（你为一个穷朋友点了午餐）属于做的善事。故选C。

（2）D.细节理解题。根据文章中的PleasetelluswhatinspiredyoutoorderSmileCards,andgiveusanexampleofakindactyou'dliketodousingthem.（请告诉我们是什么激发了你订购微笑卡片，并给我们一个你想用它们做的善良行为的例子。）可知，要申请微笑卡片，需要告诉你想为别人做什么。故选D。

（3）A.推理判断题。根据Note中的sothattheyknowsomeonereachedouttothem,andthattheyareinvitedtopay-forwardthekindnessandkeeptherippledgoing!（这样他们就知道有人向他们伸出了援手，他们也被邀请来传递这种善良，让这种行为继续下去!）可知，使用微笑卡是鼓励人们传递善良。故选A。

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了微笑卡卡片，并讲述如何申请微笑卡，微笑卡的使用注意事项和背后负责的团队。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】A、B、A、C

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Ishookmyhead,"No,believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjustbringingittothem."（我摇摇头，"不，相信我。我今天不小心在邮箱里收到了这封邮件。我只是把它带给他们"。）以及第四段第一、二句pIgottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.TheannoyedtallmanhadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyoldwomangoingaroundmixingupeveryone'smail.（第二天早上，我被两个非常有礼貌的警察敲了敲门。那个生气的高个子男人打电话给警察，说我是个疯婆，到处弄乱每个人的邮件）可知，那位男子不相信作者的解释，选择了报警。故选A项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第四段第三句BeforeIcouldfinishtellingthemaboutwhatwasgoingon,theofficershadwatchedadogapproachmymailboxwithmailinhismouth.Hetookoutthemailthatwasinmyboxandputlettersin.Hepushedthedoorclosedwithhisnose,pickedupthenewpileofmailhehadgottenfrommybox,andrepeatedthisallthewaydownthenextstreet.（我还没来得及告诉他们发生了什么事，警察们就看到一只嘴里叼着邮件的狗走近了我的邮箱。它把我信箱里的信拿出来，把它带来的放了进去。它用鼻子把门关上，拿起从我的信箱里新收来的一堆信件，这样重复着这个做法，走到下一条街。）可知，警察在上门调查时撞见并亲眼目睹了那只狗取信件和放信件的全过程，由此发现了真相，故选B项。

（3）A.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Thedoghadbelongedtoamailcarrierwhohaddied.Noonethoughttocheck（thecarrierlivedalone）ontheman'sdog.Thedoghadbeentrainedtoputmailinandtakemailoutoftheboxes.Whenhegotloose,heassumedhisduties.（这只狗的主人是一个已经去世的邮递员。没有人想到要检查一下这个人的狗。这条狗经过训练，能把邮件放进盒子里，把邮件取出来。当它未拴住的时候，它就履行自己的职责。）可知，这只狗受过训练会取放信件。在邮递员去世后，它依旧履行职责，可见它是一只训练有素且忠诚的狗，故选A项。

（4）C.标题归纳题。文章主要围绕我和邻居因为一封信件而产生的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件投递乌龙事件。中心主要围绕送信一事，故选C项。

文章为一篇记叙文，主要围绕我和邻居的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件乌龙事件。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】B、D、A、D

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"ManystudentsseemunwillingtocorrectmewhenIattempttolearntheirnamescorrectly.（当我试图正确记住他们的名字时，许多学生似乎不愿意纠正我。）"可知，当学生听到自己的名字被喊错时，他们不会去纠正，即接受被叫错。故选B项。

（2）D.推理判断题。"resumewhitening"出现在第四段，根据上一句"Thisisespeciallythecasewhenitcomestoseekingjobs.Racialandculturalminoritiesoftenattempttoavoiddiscriminationhiringbyhidingracialcuesontheresumeincludingchangingtheirname.（在找工作的时候尤其如此。种族和文化上的少数族裔经常试图通过在简历中隐藏种族暗示，包括更改他们的名字，来避免在招聘时受到歧视。）"可知，this指代的是前一句话，即种族人群在找工作时会为了避免遭到种族歧视而选择更改他们的名字；resume意为"简历"，whiten为"使……变白"，D项"ApracticeofusingWesternnamesinjobseeking.（在求职时使用西方名字的做法。）"，把隐含有种族暗示的原来的名字换成西方人的名字填写在简历上，以便找到工作，符合题意。故选D项。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句"Ontheotherend,thosewithethnicnamesfrequentlydon'tcorrectpeople,evenwhentheirnameispronouncedwrongrepeatedly,feelingitisbetterjusttokeepthepeaceandnotstandoutforbeingdifficult.（另一方面，那些有少数民族的姓名的人经常不去纠正别人，即使他们的名字被反复念错，他们觉得最好保持和平，不要因为太难而显得突出。）"可知，就是少数民族人群为了保持和平（避免麻烦），会接受对方叫错名字。故选A项。

（4）D.观点态度题。根据最后一段"Itisimportanttotrytopronounceeveryone'snameastheypronounceit.Thiscommunicatesrespectofthemasapersonandtheirculture.Thereisnothingwrongwithaskingsomeonetorepeattheirnamesothatyoucanlearntopronounceitproperly.Thisisusuallyappreciated.（每个人的名字都要念出来，这很重要。这传达了对他们个人和他们文化的尊重。让别人重复他们的名字，这样你就可以正确地发音了。这通常是值得赞赏的。）"可知，作者对正确叫出少数民族的姓名这事持支持态度。A.Critical批评的；B.Uncaring不关心的；C.Reserved保守的；D.Supportive支持的。故选D项。

本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了少数族裔人群在别人念错他们名字时往往选择接收而非纠错，并且会选择重新取一个英文名字的现象以及背后显现的社会问题。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】D、B、C、C

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段"Now,modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe'vegotitbackward."（现在，像迷走神经理论这样的模型表明我们把它弄反了。）可知，提到这个理论证明我们将抑郁症理解反了，所以这个理论是用来纠正我们对抑郁症的既有观点。故选D。

（2）B.推理判断题。根据第三段"Whenwethinkofdepressionasunnecessarysuffering,wearetellingpeoplewithdepressionthattheyarenotpartofthegroup,theyarenotrightandtheydon'tbelong.Thatrobsthemofhope."（当我们认为抑郁症是不必要的痛苦时，我们就是在告诉抑郁症患者，他们不属于这个群体，他们是不对的，他们不属于这个群体。这剥夺了他们的希望。）可知，这是人们对抑郁症通常的看法，所以人们往往会认为得抑郁症是一件不好的事情，故选B。

（3）C.词义猜测题。根据最后一段"Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected."（它能减轻痛苦，让我们感到疏离。）以及"Thinkofsomereptiles（爬行动物），whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater."（想想一些爬行动物，它们关闭自己的身体以避免寒冷的温度和缺乏食物和水。）可知，immobilization这个词的大概意思可以得到推断，就是减少活动，减少与周围人的接触，A.Building

up

anxiety增加焦虑；B.Rising

to

challenged接受挑战；C.Shutting

down

action关闭操作；D.Pulling

through

a

crisis.渡过危机。故选C。

（4）C.细节理解题。根据第四段"IfourANSdetectsathreatorevenasimplelackofsafety,itsnextstrategyisthefightorflightresponse,whichweoftenfeelasanxiety.Sometimesthethreatissobadorgoesonforsolong,thatthenervoussystemdecidesthereisnowaytofightortoflee.Atthatpoint,thereisonlyoneoptionleft：immobilization."（如果我们的ANS检测到威胁，甚至是简单的缺乏安全感，它的下一个策略就是战斗或逃跑反应，我们通常会感到焦虑。有时威胁太严重或持续时间太长，以致神经系统决定没有办法战斗或逃跑。在这一点上，只剩下一个选择：固化。）以及第五段"Inhumans,peopleoftendescribefeeling"outoftheirbodies"duringextremelyunpleasantevents,whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock."（在人类中，人们经常描述在极度不愉快的事件中"欣喜若狂"的感觉，这具有减少情绪冲击的防御作用。）可知，我们的身体对一个极其不愉快的情况的反应顺序是①检测到威胁②下一个策略就是战斗或逃跑反应③感受到情绪冲击④防御。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了抑郁症并非如大多人所想的那样是给人带来痛苦的，相反它是一种自我保护机制。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】A、G、D、C、E

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据上文Failureisanimportantprocessyoucanlearnfrom.（失败是一个重要的过程，你可以从中学习）可知，上文提出失败重要的是过程，从中学习，推测本句承接上文继续说明失败的重要意义：这意味着你尽力了。故A选项"最重要的是，这意味着你尽力了"符合语境，故选A。

（2）G.推理判断题。根据上文Mostpeopleviewfailureassomethingthatshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.（大多数人认为应该不惜一切代价避免失败）以及后文"Itmayhavebeenan"F"wereceivedonapaperorthehighexpectationsourparentsplaceduponourshouldersthatstoppedusfromtrying.（也许是我们的试卷得了个"F"，或者是父母对我们寄予的厚望阻止了我们去尝试）"可知，人们认为失败是生活中无论如何都要避免的东西，后几句讲述的是我们小时候的一些失败，故推测本句在讲人们对失败的看法，故G选项"我们往往把失败和我们小时候的糟糕经历联系起来"符合语境，故选G。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据后文Shehadzeroexperienceintheclothingindustry,lackedaneducationinbusinessandraisedonly＄5，000toinvest.Whenaskedwhereshefoundthecourage,shegaveallcredittoherdad.Whilemostparentsasktheirkids,"Howwasyourday？"whensittingdownfordinner,Sara'sparentsaskedherandherbrother,"Whatdidyoufailattoday？"eachandeverynight.（她在服装行业没有任何经验，没有接受过商业教育，也只筹集到了5000美元用于投资。当被问及她的勇气来自何处时，她把一切归功于她的父亲。当大多数父母问他们的孩子，"你今天过得怎么样？"当坐下来吃晚饭时，萨拉的父母每天晚上问她和她的兄弟"你们今天失败了什么？"）"可知，后文说Sara在服装业没有经验，没有商业的学习经历，也没有钱投资，她只有她父亲的教诲，"你今天失败了什么"，可知这一段并在讲Sara经历的困难。故D选项"早期，Sara克服了一系列的困难"符合语境，故选D。

（4）C.推理判断题。根据上文WheninterviewedbyCNN'sAndersonCooper,Sarasaid,"Insteadoffailurebeingtheoutcome,failurebecamenottrying.Itforcedmeatayoungagetowanttopushmyselfsomuchfurtheroutofmycomfortzone."（在接受CNN的安德森•库珀采访时，萨拉说："失败不是结果，而是不去尝试。它迫使我在很小的时候就想要把自己推得远远的离开我的舒适区。"）"以及后文"Itbecamemoreaboutlearningandlessaboutapersonalweakness.（它更多的是关于学习，而不是一个人的弱点）可知，空前说，失败并非结果，而是一种不愿尝试的想法，讲的是失败的定义；空后说，失败更多是关于吸取教训，而非个人弱点，讲的也是失败的定义。此外，这种失败的定义让Sara脱离了自己的舒适圈，所以这里在说Sara父亲重新定义的失败对Sara的影响。故C选项"在现实中，Sara的父亲重新定义了失败"符合语境，故选C。

（5）E.推理判断题。根据上文Ifweviewfailureasweakness,weavoidsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.（如果我们把失败看成软弱，我们就会避免走出自己的舒适区）以及后文"Itdoesnotdefineus,butinsteadmaturesus.I'msurethattherearemanyriskswewouldalltakeinourpersonal,professionalandspirituallivesifwecouldgetpastafearoffailure.（它不能定义我们，反而使我们成熟。我敢肯定，如果我们能克服对失败的恐惧，我们在个人生活、职业生涯和精神生活中都会承担许多风险）"可知，前文说，如果认为失败是一种个人弱点，我们就不会脱离自己的舒适圈，讲的是反面；后文说，我们不由失败定义，而从失败中受到启发进而成长，讲的是正面，所以本句与上文构成转折，指出失败的定义和作用。故E选项"相反，我们必须提醒自己，失败是一种行动"符合语境，故选E。

这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Spanx的创始人SaraBlakely的故事来告诉我们该如何对待失败。SaraBlakely的父亲重新定义了失败，他让孩子明白，失败并不是最终结果，而只是缺乏尝试。失败没有定义我们，而是让我们成长，让我们脱离舒适区并变成一个更优秀的人。

七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~35.【答案】B、D、C、D、C、B、A、C、D、A、B、A、B、C、A

【解析】（1）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.strength力量；B.confidence自信；C.imagination想像；D.gratitude感谢。句意：我满怀激情，充满信心地写了它。根据前文中"with

great

passion"可知，作者在写新书时怀着很大的热情，因此投稿时也十分自信，故选B。

（2）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.admired羡慕；B.delayed（使）延期；C.accepted接受；D.rejected拒绝。句意：但出版商拒绝了。由But可知，和前文作者信心满满地投稿形成转折关系，推测作者的稿子被拒绝了，reject符合题意，故选D。

（3）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.desired期望得到的；C.same

一样的；D.satisfying令人满意的。句意：我把它寄给了另外两三家出版商。同样的结果!根据上文"Isent

it

to

two

or

three

other

publishers."和results后的感叹号可知，作者接连投稿两三家出版社，都得到一样的结果（被拒绝），故选C。

（4）D.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cut

out切断；B.burnt

up烧毁；C.tore

apart撕碎；D.put

away收起，放好。句意：我把小说收了起来。根据下文"But

I

couldn't

stop（5）"可知，作者是把小说收起来了，但是并没有停止写作。故选D。

（5）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.thinki