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AguidetoEnglish-speakingcountries各位老师:关于该PPT有一下几点说明目录中的此图片为到此章节的链接2.PPT中很多地方没有制作动画效果,大家根据讲课需要和习惯自己修改。3.PPT中没有制作练习题内容。请也请根据讲课内容进度自己制作。4.英国与欧洲当前的关系(脱欧),以及对其经济的影响未制作在内,大家自行决定是否加入讲解。
2021/3/27AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandCHENLI22021/3/27Chapter4
Economy英语国家概况2021/3/27I.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomy
II.CurrentBritishEconomyContentBackCHENLI42021/3/27III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBackEconomicDeclineAfterWorldWarII,theBritisheconomyexperiencedaperiodofgreatdifficultyandrelativeeconomicdecline.CausestwoWorldWars—greateconomiclosstheeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover—decolonization(lossesofrawmaterial&market)militaryexpenditure—overseaslocations;financialcontributiontoNATOandU.N.SecurityCouncilCHENLI52021/3/27III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBackPolicies
“mixedeconomy”--aneconomyinwhichthereissomepublicownershipaswellasprivatelyownedbusiness.Duringthe20thcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeinvolvedintheeconomythroughintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations.CHENLI62021/3/27III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1945-1979Polices:DrasticreformsNationalizationofindustriesResult:
Althoughthegovernmentchangedfromonepartytoanother,theeconomyremainedstagnant.Britain’seconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofotherEuropeancountries.inflation通货膨胀tradedeficit财政赤字unemployment失业thefallofthepound英镑贬值CHENLI72021/3/27III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1979-1997Polices:RadicaleconomicreformPrivatizedstate-ownedindustries.PromotedamorecompetitivespiritintheBritisheconomy.Socialwelfare(reducedoldagepensions,shortenedtheperiodofunemploymentbenefits,cutchildbenefits)“Inpoliticsifyouwantanythingsaid,askaman.Ifyouwantanythingdone,askawoman.”MargaretHildaThatcher(1925-2013)Termofoffice:1979-1990Result:
thepositiveaspect:Inflationcameundercontrol.Businessprofitsincreased.thenegativeaspect:Economystillgrewatlowerrate.ArapidincreaseinunemploymentMrs.Thatcherandherpoliceswereandremainhighlycontroversial.CHENLI82021/3/27III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1997Polices:TheThirdWayMadetheBankofEnglandindependent.EmphasizedontheminimumwageandsupplementinglowincomesEmphasizedindividualresponsibility“Leadersareordinaryhumanbeingsinextraordinarypositions”Result:
LimitedgovernmentspendingKeptinflationundercontrolReducedunemployment
Bytheendofthe20thcentury,BritisheconomicgrowthsurpassedthatofothermajorEuropeancountries.TonyBlairTermofoffice:1997-2007CHENLI92021/3/27
II.
I.Agriculture
I
II.II.EnergyProductionIIII.III.ManufacturingIndustryIIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyBackII.IV.ServiceIndustryCHENLI102021/3/27IIII.CurrentBritishEconomyBackAgricultureCharacteristics:SmallproportionofthepopulationengagedinagricultureHighdegreeofmechanizationMildclimateProducingonlyabout60%ofthefoodconsumesAbout70%ofthecountry’slandisdevotedtoagriculture,withtwo-thirdsofitreservedforstockraising.Differentareas:Uplandarea:sheepfarmingFlatarea:cropproductionWetandwarmarea:milkandbeefproductionCHENLI112021/3/27IIII.CurrentBritishEconomyAgricultureAgriculturalproducts:Crops:wheat,barley,sugarbeet,potatoesDairyfarmingWorld’sleadingexporterofcattle,sheep,pigsandhorsesAlargeoceanfishingfleet.Fishingindustryfulfillstwo-thirdsofBritain’sdemandforfish.BackCHENLI122021/3/27IIII.CurrentBritishEconomyEnergyProductionCoalminingindustryAtraditionalenergyindustryRioTintoGroup(力拓集团)Britain’soilindustryArelativelynewindustry.In1975,oilfirstcameashorefromtheNorthSea.Theworld’s9thlargestoilproducerShell(壳牌集团),BritishPetroleum(BP),BritishGas(BG)NuclearpowerFirstnuclearpowerstation1956Oneoftheworld’snuclearpowers16nuclearpowerplantsBackCHENLI132021/3/271.BusinessservicesIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyManufacturingIndustry2.Retail3.ManufacturingBritishcompaniesareactiveinallmajorfieldsofthemanufacturingindustries,butareparticularlystronginpharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospace,foodanddrink.BackCHENLI142021/3/27FinanceIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryLondon:knownastheworld’sleadinginternationalfinancialcenterover550internationalbanksand170globalsecuritieshouseshaveofficesinLondon.TheBankofEnglandthecentralbankoftheUK,workingclosecontactwiththegovernment.controlsthemonetarypolicyandgivedirectivestocommercialbanks.TheLondonforeignexchangemarketoneofthelargestcentersfortradingstocksandbonds.themostinternationalofalltheworld’sstockexchanges.BackCHENLI152021/3/27TourismIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryTourismisoneofthelargestindustriesinBritain.Morethan25millionpeoplevisitthecountryeveryyearfromallovertheworld.TheU.K.hasmuchtooffer:Country
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