英语国家概况课件(修订版)

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland精品课件ChapterOneGeography,PeopleandLanguage精品课件ContentsGeography

IPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIII精品课件IGeography

1.GeographicalFeatures2.Climate3.MajorCities精品课件MapoftheUKReadthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIreland精品课件

Geography

TheofficialtitleoftheUK

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（since1927)ConventionallyshortenedtoUnitedKingdomAbbreviation:UKTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)NorthernIreland

精品课件Questiontoponder:Peopleoftengetconfusedwith

theterms“England”,“Britain”,“GreatBritain”,“UnitedKingdom”,and“BritishIsles”.EvensomeBritishpeoplearenotfullyawareofthepreciserealitythatthesetermsexpress.Dothesetermsmeanthesame?精品课件EnglandManypeoplesay"England"whentheyreallymean"TheUnitedKingdom."Thisisnotcorrect!PeopleinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandconsideritinsultingandhatehearingBritainbeingreferredtoas“England”asitappearstoignoretheirexistence.EnglandisonlyaconstituentcountryintheUK,andapartoftheislandofGreatBritain,togetherwithScotlandandWales.精品课件BritainStrictly,“Britain”referstothelargestislandintheBritishIsles,whichcontainsmodern-dayEngland,WalesandScotlandandislandsgovernedfromthemainland(i.e.notIsleofManorChannelIslands).However,theterm“Britain”ismorecommonlyusedasapoliticalterm:analternativenamefortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.精品课件Great

Britain"GreatBritain"isthecollectivenameforthethreecountriesofEngland,ScotlandandWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsbutitdoesnotincludetheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformthe"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,orUK.精品课件TheUnitedKingdom“TheUnitedKingdom”istheabbreviatedformfortheofficialname“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,whichcameintousein1922aftertheconstitutionoftheIrishFreeState(1922-1937),theformernameoftheRepublicofIreland.精品课件TheBritishIsles(不列颠群岛）The"BritishIsles"isageographicaltermforagroupofislandsconsistingofGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andmanyothersmallersurroundingislands.TheBritishIslesarethelargestgroupofislandsinEurope.精品课件精品课件精品课件LocationandterritoryLocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:about243,000squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.

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Topography(地势）

NorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.

Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMid-Wales.

Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.

England:Itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorthwest,northandsouthwest.

BenNevisinScotland

—

thehighestpointinUK精品课件

RiversandLakes

Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(about980kmkilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(330kmkilometerslong)ThelargestLakeintheBritishIsles:LoughNeagh（内伊湖）Thames精品课件TheRiverThames

(泰晤士河)thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom(332kilometerslong)ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.AboatridealongtheThamesisalsosomethingthateveryvisitorshouldexperience.Severalboatracesandactivitiestakeplacealongorattherivereachyear.精品课件LakeDistrict精品课件Lakepoets

"IWanderedLonelyasaCloud"

—WilliamWordsworth

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

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Lakepoets

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed—andgazed—butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.精品课件KiltsKnee-lengthskirtlikegarmentthatiswornbymenasamajorelementofthetraditionalnationalgarbofScotland.HighlanddressisalsotheuniformofScottishregimentsintheBritisharmy,andkiltshavebeenworninbattleasrecentlyasWorldWarII.InBraveheart,WilliamWallace,aScottishfreedomfighter,wearshiskilthighonthethighwhileriding.精品课件2.Climate

Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation（降水）

throughouttheyearThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/Changeability精品课件3.MajorCities—LondonTheRiverThamesthecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdomthepolitical,industrial,culturalandfinancialcenterofthecountryoneoftheworld'sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters精品课件

Landmarks&SymbolsofLondon

ThePalaceofWestminster精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonWestminsterAbbeyBigBen精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonGuildhall（市政厅）精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonHydeParkTowerofLondon（伦敦塔）精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonTowerBridge

BuckinghamPalace精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonLondonEye精品课件MajorCities—Edinburgh

CapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitecture精品课件UniversityofEdinburgh（爱丁堡大学）oneofthemostnotedofScotland'suniversities.Itwasfoundedin1583as“theTown'sCollege”.Alumni:CharlesDarwin,SirWalterScott,thenovelistRobertLouisStevenson,andtheinventorAlexanderGrahamBell.精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofEdinburghEdinburghCastlePalaceofHolyrood（霍利鲁德）精品课件MajorCities—Cardiff

thecapitalcityofWalesfor58years

Europe’syoungestcapitalcityhometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofCardiffCardiffCityHall精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofCardiffMillenniumStadium（千年球场）

Cardiff

Castle

精品课件MajorCities—Belfast

CityHallthelargestcityandthecapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccityOncethehomeoftheIrishlinenindustry,tobaccoproduction,ropemakingandtheworldfamousHarlandandWolffshipbuilders.精品课件Landmarks&SymbolsofBelfastBelfastCastle精品课件

IIPeople

Overallpopulation:about63million(2012)Distribution:England:about53millionScotland:around5.2millionWales:around3.1millionNorthernIreland:around1.8million精品课件Ethnicity（种族）ThemajorityofthepopulationisdescendentsoftheAnglo-Saxons.MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeople.TheIrishpeoplearealsoofCelticorigin.Immigrants:Italians,Greeks,Australians,NewZealanders,etc.精品课件PercentageoftotalUKPopulationEthnicGroupsPercentageofTotalWhite:British 80.5 White:Other 5.4 White/BlackCaribbean0.8 White/BlackAfrican 0.3 White/Asian 0.6 OtherMixed 0.5 Indian 2.5 Pakistani 2.0 Bangladeshi 0.8 Chinese 0.7 OtherAsian 1.5 African 1.8 Caribbean 1.1 OtherBlack 0.5 Anyotherethnicgroup/Arab 1.0 精品课件IIITheEnglishLanguage1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish精品课件1.OldEnglish(5th~11th)LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsFrench-speakingNormans精品课件

TheoriginsoftheEnglishlanguageThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwiththearrivalofthreeGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainduringthe5thcenturyAD.Thesetribes,theAngles,theSaxonsandtheJutes,crossedtheNorthSeafromwhattodayisDenmarkandnorthernGermany.AtthattimetheinhabitantsofBritainspokeaCelticlanguage.ButmostoftheCelticspeakerswerepushedwestandnorthbytheinvaders---mainlyintowhatisnowWales,ScotlandandIreland.TheAnglescamefromEnglalandandtheirlanguagewascalledEnglisc---fromwhichthewordsEnglandandEnglisharederived.精品课件BeowulfThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodisthe

epicpoemBeowulf.Hwæt!WeGar-Dena ingeardagum,þeodcyninga, þrymgefrunon,huðaæþelingas ellenfremedon.OftScyldScefing sceaþenaþreatum精品课件2.MiddleEnglish(11th~15th)StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andEnglishbecamethelanguageoflowerclasspig—porksheep—muttoncattle—beefDevelopment

EnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath.精品课件

TheCanterburyTales

GeoferyChaucer(c.1342-1400)WhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;TheCanterburyTales精品课件3.ModernEnglish(15th~)Theprintingpress—broughtstandardizationtoEnglishSamuelJohnson’sdictionary—establishedastandardformofspellingRenais