英语国家概况英国的教育体制

英语国家概况英国的教育体制英国国家的教育体制与我国的有何不同，为什么会这样呢?下面是店铺带来英语国家概况:英国的教育体制详情，欢迎大家阅读!英语国家概况:英国的教育体制TheeducationsysteminBritain1.primaryeducation初等教育，小学教育Primaryeducationiscompulsory(义务教育)inBritain.ItbeginsatfiveinGreatBritainandfourinNorthernIreland.Allchildrenhavetoattendprimaryschoolandtheyfinishtheirprimaryeducationattheageof11.Inadditiontothemanystateprimaryschools(公立小学)whichdonotasktheirpupilstopayfees,therearealsosomefee-payingindependentprimaryschools(收费的私立小学).Themostfamousfee-payingprimaryschoolsarethepreparatoryschoolswhichadmitchildrenfromseven-plusto11,12or13yearsold.初等教育在英国是义务教育，大不列颠是从5岁开始，北爱尔兰是4岁。所有的孩子必须参加初等教育，并在11岁完成。除了许多国家公立小学不向学生收费外，也有一些收费的私立小学。预备学校学生的年龄通常为7岁以上到111213岁。2.secondaryeducation中等教育，中学教育SecondaryeducationinBritainisalsocompulsory.Allthechildrenmustreceivesecondaryeducationafterfinishingtheirprimaryeducationattheageofeleven.Thesecondaryschoolage-range(中学生的年龄段)isfrom11-18.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationinGreatBritainattendcomprehensiveschools.Secondaryschoolsincludecomprehensiveschools(综合中学),secondarymodernschools(现代中学)andgrammarschools(文法学校).Theyarestateschools(公立学校)。中等教育在英国也是必须的，所有孩子必须在11岁完成初等教育后接受中等教育。中学生的年龄段从11-18。大不列颠90%左右的国属中等学校学生就读于综合中学。3.highereducation高等教育，大学教育Therearesome90universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.MostfamousonesareOxfordandCambridge.ThereisalsotheOpenUniversitywhichis“open”toalltobecomestudents,mainlyadultstudents.包括开放大学在内，英国共有90所大学。最著名的是牛津和剑桥。还有开放大学，即向所有未来的学生和成人开放。英语国家概况:英国的政府体制I.GeneralknowledgeTheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy,theheadofstateisakingoraqueen.TheUnitedKingdomisgoverned,inthenameoftheSovereignbyHisorHerMajesty'sGovernment.TheSystemofparliamentarygovernmentisnotbasedonawrittenconstitution,theBritishconstitutionisnotsetoutinanysingledocument.Itismadeupofstatutelaw,commonlawandconventions.TheJudiciarydeterminescommonlawandinterpretsstatutes.联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治理。英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。Constitutionalmonarchy君主立宪制TheBritishmonarchyisknownasconstitutionalmonarchy.Itmeansthemonarchy'spowerarelimitedbylawandParliament.Themonarchyactuallyhasnoralpower.ConstitutionalmonarchybeganaftertheGloriousRevolutionin1688.英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。II.TheMonarchy君主制1.ElizabethII,hertitleintheUnitedKingdomis"ElizabeththeSecond,bytheGraceofGodoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandandHerOtherRealmsandTerritories,Queen,HeadoftheCommonwealth,DefenderoftheFaith."伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“伊莉莎白二世承蒙大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的上帝之恩典，女王，英联邦元首，共同信仰的保护者。”2.TheQueenisthesymbolofthewholenation.Inlaw,Sheisheadoftheexecutive,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,thecommander-in-chiefofallthearmedforcesandthe"supremegovernor"oftheChurchofEngland.ShegivesRoyalAssenttoBillspassedbyparliament.女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官员。对议会通过的法案给予御准。III.Parliament议会1.TheUnitedKingdomisaunitary,notafederal,state.ParliamentconsistsoftheSovereign,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。2.ThemainfunctionsofParliamentare:(1)topasslaws;(2)toprovide,byvotingfortaxation,themeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernment;(3)toexaminegovernmentPolicyandadministrations,includingproposalforexpenditure;and(4)todebatethemajorissuesoftheday.议会的主要作用是：(1)通过立法;(2)投票批准税为政府工作提供资金;(3)检查政府政策和行政管理，包括拨款提议;(4)当天的议题辩论。TheHouseofLords上院TheHouseofLordsismadeupoftheLordsSpiritualandtheLordsTemporal.TheLordsSpiritualaretheArchbishopsofCanterburyandYordand24seniorbishopsoftheChurchofEngland.TheLordsTemporalconsistof1)allhereditarypeersandpeeressesofEngland,Scotland,GreatBritainandtheUnitedKingdom(butnotpeersofIreland);2)lifepeerscreatedtoassisttheHouseinitsjudicialduties;3)allotherlifepeers.ThemainfunctionoftheHouseofLordsistobringthewideexperienceofitsmembersintotheprocessoflaw-making.上院由神职人员和世俗议员组成。神职包括坎特伯雷和约克大主教及24名高级主教。世俗议员包括1)所有英，苏，大不列颠及联合王国的世袭贵族，女贵族(但不包括爱尔兰);2)协助议院司法工作的终身贵族;3)其他终身贵族。上院的主要作用就是集中议员集体经验智慧制定法律。TheHouseofCommons下院TheHouseofCommonsiselectedbyuniversaladultsuffrageandconsistsof651MembersofParliament(MPs).ItisintheHouseofCommonsthattheultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresides.下院议员由成人普选产生，共有651名议员。最高立法权掌握在下院手中。1)ParliamentaryElectoralSystem议会选举制AGeneralElectionmustbeheldeveryfiveyearsandisoftenheldatmorefrequentintervals.Britishcitizens,togetherwithcitizensofotherCommonwealthcountriesandcitizensoftheIrishRepublicresidentinBritain,mayvoteprovidedtheyare1)aged18orover,2)includedintheannualregisterofelectorsfortheconstituency,and3)notsubjecttoanydisqualification.Acandidat