2016年6月至2021年6月CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题及答案

2016.6-2021.11CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题2021.61.英译汉Areyouhavingdifficultyfollowingdiets?Ourlivesarewaymorecomplexthanthosewhichallowustosticktoamonotonousrestrictivediet.FoodpsychologistRidhiGolechha（里迪·格莱）said,"Ifallofuscouldfollowdiets,we'dallhavereachedourgoals.Real-lifestressessuchaslockdownanxiety,relationshipconflicts,workload,financialstresses,exasperatingparenting,teenagedrama,andsomuchmoredirectlyimpacthowwefeelandbyvirtue,whatweeat.If,onpaper,dietsweresoeasytofollow,thenwe'dallbepartofthattinytenpercentofpeopleintheworld(athletesmodels,oractresses)-whoarepermanentlyfit.”Weallknowofthoseroughdayswhenallwewantistoodrownourfacesinatuboficecreamorreachoutforthatmeltingchocolatecake."Emotionaleatingisnothingbuteatingouremotions.we'reallhumanwithemotionsandhunger.Bythatdefinition,allofusareemotionaleaters,weturntofoodwhenwe'reoverwhelmedwithanger,sadnessfrustration,oranyothersignificantemotion"explainedRidhi.There’sareasonwhythebutterflycomesbacktosucksweetnectarfromtheflowers,inturnpollinatingtherestofthegarden.Humans,muchlikeanimals.Birds,andinsects,arehardwiredforpleasure.Buthere'sthecatch:wehumansareafraidofcheesyPizza,they'llbeoverwhelmedwithpleasure,losecontrol,andendupfinishingthewholePizza.Wefearthiswouldresultinafaileddiet,weightgain,andmassiveguilt,soweavoiditaltogether.But,itdoesn'twork.“Biologysuggestsotherwise.Likeeveryotherspecies,homosapienswerealsobuiltforsurvival.Itispleasurethatdriveshumanstorepeatthefeel-goodbehaviourendlessly,”explainedRidhi.Whendoesemotionaleatingbecomeworrisome?"Largely,there'snothingwrongwiththat.Wedoeattomanageandcopewithourfeelings,especiallythosethatdon'tfeelsogood,becauseeatingitselfissobiologicallyrewarding.It'scompletelyokayifwe'redoingitonceinawhile,becauseasIsaidwe'reallevolutionarilywiredtoemotionaleating.However,ifwereconstantlydependingonfoodtoswallowourdifficultemotionsanddiscomforts,leavinguswithafeelingofguiltconstantlyattheendofit,thendefinitely,weneedtoworkonit”,saidRidhi.Whatcanwedotoreduceemotionaleating?AccordingtoRidhi,thereasonwefaildietsisthatwetrytofightbiologyandsuppressouremotions,whichonlyworkstemporarily.Tomakelong-lastingchanges,wemustaddressthetootcausesofemotionaleating.Hereareafewtipstogetyoustarted:First,don'tskipmeals.Starvingoftenconfusesyourbiologicalhungerdrivesandmakesyoumorevulnerabletoeatyouremotions.Second,understandthedifferencebetweenactualphysicalhungerversusemotionalhunger.Third,makealistofthetopthreeemotionsyoufeelweaklyandstartfindingdifferentwaystocopewiththem.Fourth,talktoanexpert.It'sbetternottoignoreyouremotionaleatingsinceitcanlatercausehealthissueslikedifferentthatwilltakeawayyoururgebydistractingyoumomentarily.Emotionaleatingisamessagethatrevealsadeeperproblem.Understandingyourselfandthewayyoueatcanaddresstherootcausesandenableyoutolivealifethatisbeyondfoodobsessionsandthefearoffailingyourdiets.答案：你觉得节食困难吗？生活总是情况复杂，令我们难以落实单调乏味的节食减肥食谱。饮食心理学家里迪格·莱查表示：“如果人人都能按照节食减肥食谱进食，减肥目标早就实现了。实际生活中总有各种压力，例如疫情封锁导致的焦虑情绪压力、人际冲突压力、工作负载压力，经济压力、育儿压力、青春期压力等等，都更直接地影响着我们的心理感受，从而进一步影响我们的饮食状况。要是节食真的像白纸黑字写得那样简单，那么人人都能像运动员、模特、女演员一样，长期保持完美身材了。而事实上，能长期保持完美身材的人群仅占全球人口的十分之一。”我们都有过境遇不顺的时候，只想要把脸埋进一桶冰激凌中，或是急切寻找一块爆浆巧克力蛋糕。里迪说：“情绪性进食，其实就是通过进食来发泄情绪。情绪和食欲是人之常情。从这一点说，所有人都会情绪性进食，受到愤怒、悲伤、挫折、或其他情感强烈冲击的时候，我们都会通过进食来寻求慰藉。这就是为什么蝴蝶回来从花朵中吸取甜蜜的花蜜，进而为花园的其他部分授粉的原因。人类，很像动物。鸟类和昆虫天生就是追求快乐的。但这里有一个陷阱：我们人类害怕奶酪披萨，但是他们会被快乐淹没，失去控制，最终吃掉整个披萨。我们害怕这将导致饮食的失败，体重增加，和巨大的内疚，所以我们完全避免它。但是，它并没有什么效果。“生物学表明并非如此。和其他物种一样，智人也是为生存而生。正是这种快感驱使人类无休止地重复这种感觉良好的行为，”迪格·莱查解释道。情绪化进食什么时候会变得令人担忧?“基本上，这没什么错。我们通过吃来控制和处理我们的感觉，尤其是那些感觉不太好的感觉，因为吃本身就是一种生物奖励。如果我们偶尔这样做是完全可以的，因为就像我说的，我们都进化到情绪化进食。然而，如果我们一直依赖食物来缓解我们的情绪和不适，最终会让我们产生一种负罪感，那么肯定需要解决。”我们能做些什么来减少情绪化进食呢？根据迪格·莱查的说法，我们节食失败的原因是我们试图与生理斗争，抑制我们的情绪，这只是暂时的。要做出持久的改变，我们必须解决情绪化进食的根本原因。这里有一些建议可以帮助你开始:首先，不要不吃饭。饥饿常常会扰乱你的生理饥饿驱动，让你更容易消化你的情绪。第二，理解实际的身体饥饿和情感饥饿之间的区别。第三，列出你感觉软弱的前三种情绪，然后开始寻找不同的方法来处理它们。第四，与专家交谈。最好不要忽视你的情绪化进食，因为它会导致健康问题，比如通过暂时分散你的注意力来消除你的冲动。情绪化进食揭示了一个更深层次的问题。了解你自己和你的饮食方式可以解决根本原因，使你的生活超越对食物的痴迷和对饮食失败的恐惧。2.汉译英：第七次人口普查2020年11月中国开始了第七次人工普查。人口普查将为开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程提供科学准确的统计信息支持。人口普查是推动经济高质量发展的内在需求。当前，我国经济正处于转变发展方式，优化经济结构转换增长动力的攻关期。及时查清人口数量、结构和分布这一基本国情，摸清人力资源结构信息，才能够更加准确地把握需求结构、城乡结构、区域结构、产业结构等状况，为推动经济高质量发展，建设现代化经济体系提供有力的支持。人口普查，是完善人口发展战略和政策体系，促进人口长期均衡发展的迫切需要。自2010年第六次全国人口普查以来，我国人口发展的内在动力和外部条件发生了显著改变。人口总规模增长减缓，劳动年龄人口波动下降，老龄化程度不断加深。全面查清我国人口数量、结构、分布、城乡住房等方面的最新情况，了解人口增长、劳动力供给、流动人口变化情况，摸清老年人口规模，为制定和完善未来收入、消费、教育、就业、养老、医疗、社会保障等政策措施提供基础，也为教育和医疗机构布局、儿童和老人服务设施建设、工商业服务网点分布、城乡道路建设等提供依据。人口普查工作从方案制定、物资准备、试点、人员培训、入户登记到数据处理等一切工作都离不开人，队伍建设非常重要。能否组织好人口普查队伍，能否做好普查人员的选调，直接影响到普查的工作质量和数据质量。答案：ChinacarriedoutitsSeventhNationalPopulationCensusinNovember,2020.ThecensuswillprovidescientificandaccuratestatisticalinformationsupportforChinatoembarkonanewjourneytowardbuildingamodernsocialistcountry.Thecensusreflectstheinternalneedfortheadvancementofhighqualityeconomicdevelopment.Atpresent,China’seconomyisinthecriticalperiodoftransformingthedevelopmentmode,optimizingtheeconomicstructure,andtransformingthegrowthmomentum.Thecensusdatacanhelptofigureoutthesize,structureanddistributionofChina'spopulation,aswellasthestructureofhumanresources.Allthesecanhelpusaccuratelygrasptheinformationaboutthepatternofdomesticdemands,theurbanandruralstructure,regionalstructureandindustrialstructure,thusfurtherpromotinghighqualityeconomicdevelopmentandsupportingthebuildingofamoderneconomicsystem.Thecensusisthe

urgent

needofimprovingChina'spopulationdevelopmentstrategyandpolicy,andfacilitatinglong-termandbalancedpopulationdevelopment.SincetheSixthNationalPopulationCensusin2010,thesignificantchangeshavetakenplaceintheinternalmotivationandexternalconditionsofChina'spopulationdevelopment,suchastheslowingdowngrowthrateofChina'stotalpopulation,adecreaseinthepopulationofworkingagepeople,

thefurtherimposingagingofthepopulation.TheSeventhNationalPopulationCensusofferedagoodunderstandinginmanyaspects,suchasthesize,structure,distributionandurbanandruralhousing,andgrowthofChina'spopulation,thesupplyoflabor,thefloatingpopulation,theelderly

populationandsoon,whichnotonlylaysthefoundationforformulatingandimprovingthepoliciesandmeasuresaboutfutureincome,consumption,education,employment,servicesfortheelderly,medicalcare,socialsecurity,butalsoprovidesthebasisforlayoutofeducationalandmedicalinstitutions,constructionofservicefacilitiesforchildrenandtheelderly,distributionofindustrialandcommercialserviceoutlets,urbanandruralroadconstruction,etc.Aseriesofworkofthepopulationcensusisinseparablefromworkers,fromplanformulation,materialpreparation,pilot,trainingofthestaff,on-siteregistrationtodataprocessing,soteam

constructionisofgreatimportance.Whethertoorganizethecensusteamwellandwhethertoselectandtransferthecensusstaffwelldirectlyaffectthequalityofthecensusworkanddataquality.2020.111.英译汉InDecember2019,aclusterofpneumoniacaseswerefound.ScientistsbelievethatItwascausedbyapreviouslyunknownvirus-NownamedCOVID-19.Coronaviruseshavetheappearanceofacrown.CrowninLatiniscalled"corona"andthat'showthesevirusesgottheirname.Therearedifferenttypesofcoronavirusesthatcauserespiratoryandsometimesgastrointestinalofsymptoms.It'sknownthatcoronavirusescirculateinarangeofanimals.ButtheanimalswhichtransmitCOVID-19arenotknownyet.Andtheexactdynamicsofhowthevirusistransmittedisyettobedetermined.Fromwhatisknownsofar,therecanbeanumberofsymptomsrangingfrommildtosevere.Therecanbefeverandrespiratorysymptomssuchascoughandshortnessofbreath.Inmoreseverecases,there'sbeenpneumonia,kidneyfailureanddeath.Thereiscurrentlynospecificmedicationforthevirusandtreatmentissupportivecare.Thereiscurrentlynovaccinetoprotectagainstthevirus.Treatmentandvaccinesareindevelopment.Nevertheless,wearecommittedtocombattingtheCOVID-19epidemic.It'scertainlytroublingthatsomanypeopleandcountrieshavebeenaffected,soquickly.Nowthatthevirushasafootholdinsomanycountries,thethreatofapandemichasbecomeveryreal.Butitwouldbethefirstpandemicinhistorythatcouldbecontrolled.Thebottomlineis:wearenotatthemercyofthisvirus.Thegreatadvantagewehaveisthatthedecisionsweallmake-asgovernments,businesses,communities,familiesandindividuals-caninfluencethetrajectoryoftheepidemic.Weneedtorememberthatwithdecisive,earlyaction,wecanslowdownthevirusandpreventinfections.Amongthosewhoareinfected,mostwillrecover.It'salsoimportanttorememberthatlookingonlyatthetotalnumberofreportedcasesandthetotalnumberofcountriesdoesn'ttellthefullstory.Thisisanunevenepidemicatthegloballevel.Differentcountriesareindifferentscenarios,requiringatailoredresponse.It'snotaboutcontainmentormitigation.It'saboutboth.Allcountriesmusttakeacomprehensiveblendedstrategyforcontrollingtheirepidemicsandpushingthisdeadlyvirusback.Countriesthatcontinuefindingandtestingcasesandtracingtheircontactsnotonlyprotecttheirownpeople,theycanalsoaffectwhathappensinothercountriesandglobally.TheWHOhasconsolidateditsguidanceforcountriesinfourcategories:thosewithnocase;thosewithsporadiccases;thosewithclusters;andthosewithcommunitytransmission.Forallcountries,theaimisthesame:stoptransmissionandpreventthespreadofthevirus.Forthefirstthreecategories,countriesmustfocusonfinding,testing,treatingandisolatingindividualcasesandfollowingtheircontacts.Inareaswithcommunityspread,testingeverysuspectedcaseandtracingtheircontactsbecomemorechallenging.Actionmustbetakentopreventtransmissionatthecommunityleveltoreducetheepidemictomanageableclusters.答案：2019年12月，出现了多起不明肺炎病例。后来，科学家将导致这些病例的未知病毒命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19。冠状病毒外形类似皇冠，皇冠一词在拉丁语中叫做“corona”，因此，冠状病毒得名“coronavirus”。冠状病毒分为多种类型，都可引起呼吸道症状，有时也会导致胃肠道症状。目前已知冠状病毒能在许多动物间传播，但是具体哪些动物会传播新冠病毒仍无从知晓。新冠病毒传播的确切机制也暂无定论。就目前所知，感染新冠病毒会出现许多症状，轻则出现发烧及咳嗽、气喘等呼吸道症状，重则可能发生肺炎、肾衰竭，甚至死亡。目前治疗新型冠状肺炎暂时没有特效药，也没有疫苗可用，只能采取维持疗法。疗法与疫苗均处于研究开发阶段。即便如此，我们依然致力于抗击新冠肺炎疫情。当前全球疫情迅速蔓延，对许多国家和民众产生了危害性影响，状况实在令人担忧。新冠肺炎虽然波及众多国家，情况岌岌可危，但是，新冠肺炎疫情也可能成为有史以来第一个可以人为控制的流行病。我们的底线是，绝不坐以待毙。作为政府、企业、社会、家庭和个人，我们的选择能够影响疫情的发展轨迹，这是我们的显著优势。我们必须牢记，只要尽早果断采取行动，就能减缓病毒蔓延，防止疫情传播。大部分感染病毒的患者都能恢复健康。我们还需牢记，仅仅关注感染病例总数和疫情国家数量并不能了解事态全貌。全球各地的疫情并不均衡，各国所处的情况也不尽相同，这就需要我们针对实际情况，采取具体措施。各国均必须采取多项综合措施，遏制疫情蔓延。持续寻找病例、检测病例，追踪患者接触轨迹，这不但能够保护本国人民，更能对他国乃至全球疫情产生有利影响。世界卫生组织针对四类国家制定了指导方针：没有病例的国家，病例较少的国家，出现集群性病例的国家，出现社区传播的国家。各国的目标都是一致的：杜绝疫情传播，防止病毒蔓延。前三类国家必须集中精力寻找、检测、治疗、隔离每位感染者，追踪其感染接触轨迹。在出现社区传播的地区，检测所有疑似病例并追踪接触轨迹难度更大。我们必须在社区层面采取措施，防止疫情传播，将疫情遏制在可管控的集群范围内。2.汉译英水稻是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一，世界一半以上人口（包括中国60%以上人口）都以稻米作为主食。中国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家，至今已有7000年左右的历史，当前水稻产量占全国粮食作物产量近一半。水稻作为主要的粮食，无论对中国还是对世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中国在超级杂交水稻（superhybridrice）生产方面成就突出，关键人物便是袁隆平。被誉为“中国杂交水稻之父”。他的名字不仅在中国家喻户晓，在国际上也享有盛誉。袁隆平于上世纪60年代开始杂交水稻研究。他带领科研团队使中国杂交水稻一直领先于世界水平，不仅不断实现杂交水稻的高产量目标，而且在生产实践中不断推广应用，从实际上解决了中国人吃饭难的问题。袁隆平还多次到美国、印度等国家传授技术，为30多个国家和地区的政府官员和科研工作者讲学，促进杂交水稻技术造福世界。1987年11月3日，联合国教科文组织在巴黎总部向袁隆平颁发科学奖，认为他的科研成果是“第二次绿色革命”。2004年，袁隆平获得世界粮食奖（theWorldFoodPrize），表彰他为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食所做出的突出贡献。答案:Rice,oneofthemostimportantfoodcropsintheworld,isthestablefoodformorethanhalfthepeopleontheearth(includingmorethan60%Chinesepeople).IthasbeenplantedinChina,itsearliestgrower,forsome7000years.Byfar,thisplanthascontributedtoabouthalfofthefoodgrainoutputacrossChina.Asoneofthemajorgraincrops,ricegoesbeyondsayinginitssignificanceforbothChinaandtherestoftheworld.ChinaboastsremarkableachievementsintheproductionofsuperhybridricethankstoYuanLongping,whofathersChina’ssuperhybridrice,ahouseholdnameinChinaandareputablescientistabroad.Yuan,startedhisresearchessince1960s,hasbeenspearheadingaresearchteamthatkeepsChina’shybridriceonthecuttingedgearoundtheglobewithupgradingoutputgoalsandextendingproductionapplications,thuscrushingtheproblemofhowtofeedalltheChinesepeople.YuanvisitedtheUSAandIndiaformanytimesandlecturedforthegovernmentofficersandscienceresearchersfrommorethan30nationsandregionstopromotethetechniquesofsuperhybridriceforthebenefitofall.November3,1987,UNESCOawardedYuanwithSciencePrizeatitsheadquartersinParisandrecognizedhisfindingsas“theSecondGreenRevolution”.2004,YuanwontheWorldFoodPrizeforhisoutstandingcontributioninprovidinghumanswithawealthofnutritiousfood.2019.111.英译汉 In today’s interconnected world, culture's power to transformsocieties is clear. Its diverse manifestations – from our cherished historicmonuments and museums to traditional practices and contemporary art forms –enrich our everyday lives in countless ways. Heritage constitutes a source ofidentity and cohesion for communities disrupted by bewildering change andeconomic instability. Creativity contributes to building open, inclusive andpluralistic societies. Both heritage and creativity lay the foundations forvibrant, innovative and prosperous knowledge societies.   What is culture? Culture is who we are and what shapes ouridentity. No development can be sustainable without including culture. UNESCOensures that the role of culture is recognized through a majority of theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including those focusing on qualityeducation, sustainable cities, the environment, economic growth, sustainableconsumption and production patterns, peaceful and inclusive societies, genderequality and food security. UNESCO is convinced that no development can besustainable without a strong culture component.To ensure that culture takes its rightful place in developmentstrategies and processes, UNESCO has adopted a three-pronged approach: itspearheads worldwide advocacy for culture and development, while engaging withthe international community to set clear policies and legal frameworks andworking on the ground to support governments and local stakeholders tosafeguard heritage, strengthen creative industries and encourage cultural pluralism.   Today, creativity is emerging as one of the most promisingavenues for changing how we see cities. Whether by revitalizing the localeconomy, rethinking transport or housing policies, reclaiming urban spaces, oropening up new horizons for young people, creativity is one of the drivingforces behind urban policies and initiatives. Cities worldwide are focusingtheir attention on the cultural and creative industries as an inspiration fortheir future. This vision is promoted by elected representatives and citypolicy-makers, who see it as a strategic lever for innovation when it comes totackling contemporary urban issues, whether on an economic, social orenvironmental front. More importantly, however, it is a vision shared by professionalsand citizens, who are taking action in their own neighborhoods and communitiesto build more sustainable and more human cities. This vision of creative urban governance is the driving forcebehind the UNESCO Creative Cities Programme and Network (联合国教科文组织创意城市网络). Since its creation in 2004,the Network has established itself as a strategic platform for promoting andsharing this new approach to sustainable cities. Through its standard-settingand operational actions, UNESCO has paved the way for demonstrating theessential role of creativity in urban sustainability, assisting national andlocal authorities and advocating this vision at an international level. Culture and creativity play a key role in sustainable urbandevelopment. They contribute to diversifying the economy and generating jobsbut they also enhance the quality of life of citizens by participating to acity’s social structure and cultural diversity. 答案：在今天这个相互关联的世界里，文化改变社会的力量是显而易见的。它多样的表现形式——从我们珍视的历史遗迹和博物馆到传统习俗和当代艺术形式——以无数方式丰富了我们的日常生活。遗产是被令人困惑的变化和经济不稳定扰乱的社区的身份和凝聚力的来源。创造力有助于建设开放、包容和富有吸引力的社会。遗产和创造力为充满活力、创新和繁荣的知识社会奠定了基础。什么是文化?文化是我们是谁，是什么塑造了我们的身份。没有文化，任何发展都是不可持续的。教科文组织确保文化的作用通过大多数可持续发展目标得到承认，包括那些注重质量教育、可持续城市、环境、经济增长、可持续消费和生产模式、和平和包容性社会、性别平等和粮食安全的目标。教科文组织坚信，没有强大的文化成分，任何发展都是不可持续的。   为了确保文化在发展战略和进程中占据应有的位置，教科文组织采取了一种三管齐下的方法:它的倡导者在世界范围内倡导文化和发展，同时与国际社会一道制定明确的政策和法律框架，并在实地支持政府和地方利益攸关方保护遗产、加强创意产业和鼓励文化多元化。  今天，创造力正成为改变我们对城市看法的最有希望的场所之一。无论是通过振兴地方经济、重新思考交通或住房政策、开拓城市空间，还是为年轻人开辟新天地，创造力都是城市政策和举措背后的驱动力之一。世界各地的城市都把注意力集中在文化和创意产业上，以此来激励他们的未来。  各地当选代表与城市决策者也纷纷对这一愿景持赞同态度，在战略层面上，将创意视为解决经济、社会与环境等当代城市问题的创新之道。然而，更为重要地是，这是专业人士与普通市民的共同愿景，他们从自我所在的社区与街道开始做起，一道携手共建更加可持续与更为人性化的城市。    创新城市管理的这一愿景推动着联合国教科文组织创意城市网络一往无前，自2004年创立伊始，创意城市网络已成为促进和分享可持续发展城市新路线的战略平台。联合国教科文组织通过设定标准的实操，在城市可持续性方面展示了创意的关键作用，协助国家政府与地方当局在国际层面倡导这项愿景。文化与创意在城市的可持续发展方面发挥着举足轻重的作用，这不但有助于实现经济多元化发展，创造就业机会，还能通过参与建设城市的社会结构与文化多样性，改善市民的生活质量。2.汉译英作为中国浙江省省会城市，杭州是中国著名历史文化名城。距今约5300多年的良渚文化遗址（位于杭州余杭区）是中华文明发祥地之一。杭州以美丽的山水著称于世。中国古代谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭”表达出古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷喜爱。位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多名胜古迹而成为闻名中外的旅游胜城，2011年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。此外，气势浩荡的钱江大潮，每年吸引无数游客。杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹。南起杭州，北到北京的京杭大运河始建于1631年，全长约1797公里，是世界上最长、最古老的人工水道。2014年6月22日，京杭大运河正式入选《世界遗产名录》。在世界上，杭州也颇具有知名度。13世纪，意大利著名旅行家马可•波罗（MarcoPolo）在游记中赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽之城”。2011年，杭州曾被美国《纽约时报》评为全球41个旅游城市之一，被联合国评为“国际花园城市”。杭州还曾在中美建交过程中扮演重要角色，2015年1月，中国提出发展“旅游外交”。杭州作为著名旅游城市，又率先实践“旅游外交”。答案：AsthecapitalcityofZhejiangProvince,HangzhouisafamoushistoricalandculturalcityinChina.LocatedinYuhangDistrict,Hangzhou,theArchaeologicalSitesofLiangzhuCulturedatingbacktoapproximate5,300yearsago,isoneofthebirthplacesofChinesecivilization.Hangzhouisfamousforitsbeautifulsceneriesaroundtheworld.JustastheancientChineseproverbsaysthat"bothSuzhouandHangzhouareasbeautifulasparadises”,peoplethroughtheageshavebeenexpressingtheirsincereloveforsuchabeautifulcity.TheWestLakelocatedinthesouthwestofHangzhou,isaworld-renownedtouristattractionwithitsbeautifulsceneriesoflakesandmountainsandmanyhistoricalsites.ItwasofficiallyincludedintheWorldHeritageListin2011;moreover,themightyQiantangjiangRiverisattractingcountlesstouristseveryyear.

Hangzhouisrichinhistoricalandculturalrelics.Forinstance,theGrandCanalextendedfromBeijinginthenorthtoHangzhouinthesouth,wasfoundedin1631.Withatotallengthofabout1,797kilometers,itisthelongestartificialwaterwaywiththeoldesthistoryintheworldwide.OnJune22,2014,itwasofficiallyselectedintotheWorldHeritageList.

Hangzhoualsoenjoysahighreputationintheglobe.Inthe13thcentury,thefamousItaliantravelerMarcoPolopraisedHangzhouas"themostbeautifulcityintheworld"inhistravelnotes.In2011,Hangzhouwasnotonlynamedasoneoftheworld’s41touristcitiesbytheNewYorkTimes,butalsowasselectedasan“InternationalGardenCity"bytheUnitedNations.ThiscityhasonceplayedanimportantroleintheprocessoftheestablishmentofSino-USdiplomaticrelations.InJanuary2015,"tourismdiplomacy"wasproposedtodevelopbyChina.Asafamoustouristcity,Hangzhoutooktheleadinputting"tourismdiplomacy"intopracticeagain.2018.111.英译汉Tracesofmicroplasticsandhazardouschemicalsfoundinmajorityofsnowandicesamplestakenearlierthisyear.PlasticandtracesofhazardouschemicalshavebeenfoundinAntarctica,oneoftheworld’slastgreatwildernesses,accordingtoanewstudy.Researchersspentthreemonthstakingwaterandsnowsamplesfromremoteareasofthecontinentearlierthisyear.Thesehavenowbeenanalysedandresearchershaveconfirmedthemajoritycontained“persistenthazardouschemicals”ormicroplastics.Thefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernabouttheextentoftheplasticpollutioncrisiswhichscientistshavewarnedrisks“permanentcontamination”oftheplanet.Earlierthisweek,theUNwarneditisoneoftheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalthreatsandsaidalthough60countriesweretakingurgentactionmoreneededtobedone.ThenewreportbyresearchersatGreenpeaceispartofglobalcampaigntocreatetheworld’sbiggestoceansanctuaryintheseasaroundAntarcticatoprotectthefragileecosystemfromindustrialfishingandclimatechange.FridaBengtsson,ofGreenpeace’sProtecttheAntarcticcampaign,saidthefindingsprovedthateventhemostremoteareasoftheplanetwerenotimmunefromtheimpactofmanmadepollution.“Weneedactionatsource,tostopthesepollutantsendingupintheAntarcticinthefirstplace,andweneedanAntarcticoceansanctuarytogivespaceforpenguins,whalesandtheentireecosystemtorecoverfromthepressuresthey’refacing,”shesaid.Sevenoftheeightsea-surfacewatersamplestestedcontainedmicroplasticssuchasmicrofibres.Sevenoftheninesnowsamplestestedcontaineddetectableconcentrationsofthepersistenthazardouschemicals–polyfluorinatedalkylatedsubstances,orPFAS.Researcherssaidthechemicalsarewidelyusedinmanyindustrialprocessesandconsumerproductsandhavebeenlinkedtoreproductiveanddevelopmentalissuesinwildlife.Theysaidthesnowsamplesgatheredincludedfreshlyfallensnow,suggestingthehazardouschemicalshadcomefromcontaminatedrainorsnowfall.ProfAlexRogers,aspecialistinsustainableoceansattheOxfordMartinschool,OxfordUniversity,saidthediscoveryofplasticsandchemicalsinAntarcticaconfirmedthatmanmadepollutantswerenowaffectingecosystemsineverycorneroftheworld.Andhewarnedtheconsequencesofthispervasivecontaminationremainedlargelyunknown.“Thebigquestionnowiswhataretheactualconsequencesoffindingthisstuffhere?Manyofthesechemicalsareprettynastyandastheymoveupthefoodchaintheymaybehavingseriousconsequencesforthehealthofwildlife,andultimatelyhumans.Theeffectsofmicroplasticsonmarinelife,likewise,arelargelynotunderstood,”hesaid.ThereisrelativelylittledataontheextentofmicroplasticsinAntarcticwaters,andresearcherssaidtheyhopedthisnewstudywouldleadtoagreaterunderstandingoftheglobalextentofplasticandchemicalpollutants.Bengtssonsaid:“Plastichasnowbeenfoundinallcornersofouroceans,fromtheAntarctictotheArcticandatthedeepestpointoftheocean,theMarianatrench.Weneedurgentactiontoreducetheflowofplasticintoourseasandweneedlarge-scalemarinereserves–likeahugeAntarcticoceansanctuarywhichover1.6millionpeoplearecallingfor–toprotectmarinelifeandouroceansforfuturegenerations.”答案：在今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了微量塑料和有害化学物质。一项新的研究表明，研究人员在南极洲发现了塑料和有害化学物质，这是世界上最后的几片荒野之一。今年早些时候，研究人员花了三个月的时间从大陆偏远地区采集了水和雪的样本。目前已经对这些物质进行了分析，研究人员证实，其中大部分都含有“持久性危险化学物质”或微塑料。这一发现正值人们对塑料污染危机程度日益担忧之际。科学家们警告称，塑料污染危机可能给地球带来“永久性伤害”。本周早些时候，联合国说，尽管有60个国家正在采取更为迫切的行动，但其警告称，这是世界上最大的环境威胁之一。绿色和平组织研究人员的最新报告是全球保护行动的一部分，目的是在南极洲周围海域创建世界上最大的海洋保护区，以保护脆弱的生态系统免受捕捞业和气候变化的影响。绿色和平组织保护南极运动的FridaBengtsson说，这些发现证明即使是地球上最偏远的地区也无法免受人为污染的影响。她说:“我们需要从源头上采取行动，首先阻止这些污染物进入南极。我们需要一个南极海洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼和整个生态系统提供空间，让它们从海洋污染的压力中恢复过来。”在测试的8个海水样本中，有7个含有微塑料，如微纤维。在测试的9个雪样中，有7个样品含有可检测到的持久性有害化学物质——聚氟化烷基化物质(PFAS)。研究人员说，这些化学物质广泛应用于工业过程和消费品中，并与野生动物的生殖和发育问题密切相关。他们说，收集到的雪样本中包括刚刚下的雪，表明危险的化学物质来自受污染的雨或降雪。牛津大学牛津马丁学院可持续海洋专家亚历克斯•罗杰斯教授表示，南极洲塑料和化学物质的发现证实，人造污染物正在影响世界各地的生态系统。他警告说，这种无孔不入污染的后果在很大程度上仍不为人知。“现在的主要问题是，在这里发现这些污染物的实际后果是什么?”这些化学物质中有许多是非常有害的，当它们沿着食物链移动时，它们可能会对野生动物的健康造成严重影响，最终危及人类。同样地，微型塑料对海洋生物的影响在很大程度上是不为人知的。目前还没有相关数据表明南极水域塑料微粒的范围。研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究能让人们对遍及全球的塑料和化学污染物有更深入的了解。本特松说:“从南极到北极，再到海洋最深处的马里亚纳海沟，我们在海洋的各个角落都发现了塑料。我们需要采取紧急行动，减少塑料流入我们的海洋，我们需要大规模的海洋设施——比如超过160万人呼吁建立的巨大南极海洋保护区——目的是为子孙后代保护海洋生物和海洋。2.汉译英河南是中华民族和文明的重要发源地。中国四大发明中，指南针，造纸技术和火药都发明于河南。河南拥有厚重的文化历史，大量的历史文物，文物数量居全国首位。河南拥有大量的历史文物和文化遗迹，8处国家级风景名胜、358个国家重点文物保护单位、4个世界级地质公园、11个国家级自然保护区。河南是中国重要的经济大省，2017国内生产总值稳居中国第5位。2017年河南生产总值44,988亿元，比上年增长7.8%，人均生产总值47130元，增长7.4%。粮食种植面积达10135千公顷，粮食产量5973.4万吨，比上年增加26.8万吨。全部工业增加值18,807亿元，增长7.4%，社会消费品零售总额19666亿元，增长11.6%。全民居民消费价格比上年上涨1.4%。河南是“一带一路”的重要中心。河南已经与200多个国家和地区建立贸易联系。河南要以其更有吸引力的政策，更友好的营商环境，广迎四海宾客，实现更高层次的互利共赢。答案：HenanProvinceisanimportantbirthplaceoftheChinesenationandcivilization.ThreeofancientChina’sfourgreatinventions-thecompass,paper-makingandgunpowder-weremadeinHenan.Boastingatime-honoredhistoryandprofoundculture,Henanishometoagreatmanyofculturalheritagesites,numberingfirstinChinaintermsofculturalrelics.Thereare25WorldHeritagesites,358majorhistoricandculturalsitesunderstateprotection,4globalgeoparks,12nationalparksofChinaand13nationalnaturereservesintheprovince.HenanisChina’smajorprovincialeconomy.ItsGDPof2017,fifthinChina,was4.4988trillionyuan,upby7.8%overthepreviousyear.IntermsofitsGDPpercapita,thetwofigureswere47,130yuanand7.4%respectively.Thesownareaofgrainstoodat10.135millionhectaresandthetotaloutputofgrain59.734milliontons,anincreaseof268,000tonscomparedwiththatinthepreviousyear.Thetotalvalueaddedoftheindustrialsectorwas1.8807trillionyuanwithayear-on-yearincreaseof7.4%.Thetotalretailsalesofconsumergoodsreached1.9666trillionyuan,agrowthof11.6%overthepreviousyear.Theconsumerpricesin2017wentupby1.4percentover2016.Inrecentyears,Henanhasbecomeanimportantpivotofthe“BeltandRoad”.Henanhasestablishedtradeconnectionswithover200countriesandregionsintheworld,and127FortuneGlobal500companieshavesettleddowninthisplace.Withmoreattractivepoliciesandmorefriendlybusinessenvironment,itwillopenwidertotheoutside,thusachievingmutualbenefitandwin-winresultsathigherlevels.2018.61.英译汉Improvedhumanwell-beingisoneofthegreatesttriumphsofthemodernera.Theageofplentyhasalsoledtoanunexpectedglobalhealthcrisis:twobillionpeopleareeitheroverweightorobese.Developedcountrieshavebeenespeciallysusceptibletounhealthyweightgain.However,developingcountriesarenowfacingasimilarcrisis.Obesityrateshavepeakedinhighincomecountriesbutareacceleratingelsewhere.ThecombinedfindingsoftheWorldHealthOrga