05- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）黄金卷05（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）IusedtohatebeingcalleduponinclassmainlybecauseIdidn’tlikeattentiondrawntomyself.Andunlessotherwiseassignedaseatbytheteacher,Ialwayschosetositatthebackoftheclassroom.Allthis1afterIjoinedasportsteam.ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedItryoutforthebasketballteam.AtfirstIthoughtitwasacrazy2becauseIdidn’thaveagoodsenseofbalance,nordidIhavetheabilitytokeeppacewiththeothersontheteamandtheywouldteaseme.Butfortheteacherwhokeptinsistingonmy“3forit”,Iwouldn’thavedecidedtogiveatry.Gettingupthecouragetogotothetryoutswasonlythehalfofit!WhenIfirststarted4thepracticesessions,Ididn’tevenknowtherulesofthegame,muchworsewhatIwasdoing.SometimesI’dget5andtakeashotatthewrongdirection,whichmademefeelreallystupid.6Iwasn’ttheonlyone“new”atthegame,soIdecidedtofocusonlearningthegame,domybestateachpracticesession,andnotbetoohardonmyselfforthethingsIdidn’t7“justyet”.Ipracticedandpracticed.SoonIknewtherulesandthe“moves”.Beingpartofateamwasfunandmotivating.Verysoonthecompetitive8inmewaswinningovermylackofconfidence.Withtime,Ilearnedhowtoplayandmadefriendsintheprocess-friendswhorespectedmyeffortstoworkhardandbeateamplayer.Ineverhadsomuchfun!Withmyimprovedself-confidencecomesmorepraisefromteachersandclassmates.Ihavegonefrom“9”inthebackoftheclassroomandnotwantingtocallattentiontomyself,toraisingmyhand——evenwhenIsometimeswasn’tandnot100percent10Ihadtherightanswer.NowIhavemoreself-confidenceinmyself.1．A．continued B．changed C．settled D．started2．A．idea B．plan C．belief D．saying3．A．going B．looking C．cheering D．applying4．A．enjoying B．preparing C．attending D．watching5．A．committed B．motivated C．embarrassed D．confused6．A．Interestingly B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Hopefully7．A．want B．do C．support D．know8．A．roles B．part C．mind D．value9．A．dreaming B．playing C．relaxing D．hiding10．A．lucky B．happy C．sure D．satisfied【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．C5．D6．B7．D8．B9．D10．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文，短文叙述了以前作者是一个在课堂上不喜欢被点名回答问题，喜欢坐在班级后排的学生。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者勇敢地参加了运动队，这彻底地改变了作者，使作者成为了一个敢于积极回答问题的学生，作者比以前更自信了。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都在我加入运动队后改变了。A.continued继续；B.changed改变；C.settled和解；D.started开始。根据下文“Ihavegonefrom“____9____”inthebackoftheclassroomandnotwantingtocallattentiontomyself,toraisingmyhand—evenwhenIsometimeswasn’t100percent____10____Ihadtherightanswer.NowIhavemoreself-confidence.”（我从坐在教室后面，不想引起别人的注意，到举手——即使有时我不是百分之百地知道正确答案。现在我对自己更有自信了。）可知，作者之前不愿意举手回答问题，也不愿意引起别人的注意，但这一切都在作者加入运动队后改变了。故选B。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初我认为这是一个疯狂的想法，因为我没有很好的平衡感，也没有能力跟上团队中的其他人，他们会取笑我。A.idea想法；B.plan计划；C.belief信仰；D.saying说法。前文提到“ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedItryoutforthebasketballteam.”（事情开始于一位老师建议我参加篮球队的选拔。）作者运动能力不佳，但是老师仍然想要作者参加篮球队，因此对于作者来讲是一个非常疯狂的“想法”。故选A。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要不是老师一直坚持让我“去做吧”，我是不会决定去尝试的。A.going走；B.looking看；C.cheering欢呼；D.applying申请。根据下文“Iwouldn’thavedecidedtogiveitatry.”（我不会决定试一试。）可知，如果不是老师让作者去做吧，作者是不会想着动起来的。goforit的意为“加油，努力争取，放手向前”。故选A。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我刚开始参加训练时，我甚至不知道比赛规则，更不用说我做什么了。A.enjoying享受；B.preparing准备；C.attending参加；D.watching观看。根据“thepracticesessions”（练习环节）可知，指作者刚开始参加训练时。故选C。5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时我会感到困惑，总是搞错方向——这让我觉得自己真的很愚蠢。A.committed尽心尽力的；B.motivated积极的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.confused困惑的。根据下文“takeashotatawrongdirection”（投篮的方向都会搞错）可知，作者开始训练的时候方向感不好，总是投错方向，因此感到十分困惑。故选D。6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我并不是唯一一个“新手”，所以我决定专注于学习比赛，在每个练习阶段都做到最好，不对自己还不知道的东西太苛刻。A.Interestingly有趣地；B.Fortunately幸运地；C.Obviously显然地；D.Hopefully有希望地。根据下文“Iwasn’ttheonlyone“new”atthegame,”（我不是场上唯一一个“新手”）可知，作者很幸运并不是唯一一个新人”。故选B。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并没有对自己现在不知道的东西，要求过分苛刻。A.want想要；B.do做；C.support支持；D.know知道。根据上文“Ididn’tevenknowtherulesofthegame”（我甚至不知道比赛的规则）可知，这里指作者不知道的东西。故选D。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我内心充满竞争的一面就战胜了我缺乏自信的一面。A.roles角色；B.part部分；C.mind思维；D.value价值。根据下文“mylackofconfidence”（缺乏自信的一面）于“thecompetitive”（有竞争力的一面）是作者身上完全相反地两部分。故选B。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经从躲在教室后面，不想引起别人对我自己的注意，变成了举手，即使有时我不能百分之百确定我有正确的答案。A.dreaming梦想；B.playing玩；C.relaxing放松；D.hiding隐藏。根据下文“notwantingtocallattentiontomyself”（不想引起别人的注意）可知坐在后排可以不引起别人注意，“藏”在人群后面。故选D。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经从躲在教室后面，不想引起别人对我自己的注意，变成了举手，即使有时我不能百分之百确定我有正确的答案。A.lucky幸运的；B.happy幸福的；C.sure确定的；D.satisfied满意的。根据下文“NowIhavemoreself-confidenceinmyself.”（我现在更加自信了。）可知，即使不能确定是正确的答案，作者也会自信地举起手。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Inmyearlyyearsatschool,Ihadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan“F”andthatwouldmakeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe“F”intoa“B”12(please)myparents.However,itdidn’tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearnfromit,soI13(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat“F”turnedintoa“B”andthat“B”turnedintoan“A”.【答案】11．really12．toplease13．took【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚开始上学的时候，学习成绩不佳，为了取悦父母，经常偷偷把“F”改为“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。11．考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”，这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared，因此应用real的副词形式really，意为“很，十分”。故填really。12．考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去常常把“F”变成“B”来取悦我的父母。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，表示“为了”，因此应用please的不定式形式。故填toplease。13．考查时态。句意：然后我知道我必须接受失败并从中吸取教训，所以我采取了积极的态度。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，文章在叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，因此应用take的过去式。故填took。B阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京·高三北京八中校考期中）Nearlytwodecades14(pass)sinceChinasentthefirstBeidousatelliteintospacein2000.Duringthattime,moreBeidousatellitesweresentintoorbit(轨道),15(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).Inlate2012,itbeganprovidingpositioning,navigation,timingandmessaging16(service)topeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2018,BDSstartedtoserveusersworldwide.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites17(launch)onDec16,2019,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.【答案】14．havepassed15．forming16．services17．launched【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。14．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句since可知，应为现在完成时，主语twodecades为复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填havepassed。15．考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，form和逻辑主语Beidousatellites为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填forming。16．考查名词复数形式。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。根据句意以及上文“positioning,navigation,timingandmessaging”可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。17．考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，所以其动词应为非谓语形式，launch和Beidousatellites为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填launched。B阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He18(combine)thestrengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.19heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,20(make)dailytaskseasier.Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany.【答案】18．combined19．By/Through20．making【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了明朝时期张思佳改良了剪刀。18．考查动词的时态。句意：他将铁制剑柄的优点与独特的制剑技术结合在一起。根据前句中的“InMingDynasty”和上下文时态可知，这里讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填combined。19．考查介词。句意：通过加热和用钢锤击边缘，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这使日常任务变得更容易。根据空后的“heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel”可知，这里表示方式，应用介词by或者through。置于句首，首字母大写。故填By/Through。20．考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这让人们更容易作日程工作，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填making。第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophone,anamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.·Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.·In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasatelecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.•Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)aidsaremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaidcompany’sreputationforqualityandservice.Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.21．Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?A．Themicrophone. B．Theamplifier.C．Thespeaker. D．Thetelecoil.22．Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose______.A．“Mini”BTE B．In-the-earaidsC．In-the-canalaids D．Completely-in-canalaids23．Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.A．increaseyourestimatedcosts B．findtheonewithmorefeaturesC．giveintotheafter-saleservices D．consideryourneedsandlifestyle【答案】21．B22．A23．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canalaids）以及适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.(助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电信号的强度。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.(“迷你”BTE是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声音听起来不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini”BTE。故选A项。23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.(最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式)”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。B（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）Iwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(义肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24．Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A．shewaslongingforfame B．sportsgaveherself-confidenceC．shewantedtodefeatherdisability D．herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25．FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A．morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB．thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC．socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD．technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Intelligentandbrave.B．Warm-heartedandpatient.C．Responsibleandstrong-willed.D．Independentandinnovative.27．Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A．maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB．buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC．sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD．takeiteasyindifficultsituations【答案】24．C25．D26．C27．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小身患残疾，失去左臂，但是并不气馁，参加运动证明自己并不受到残疾的限制并帮助他人的故事。24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者爱上了所有的运动，因为她想战胜自己的残疾。故选C。25．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.(比如艾米·珀迪（AmyPurdy）和尼克·胡哲（NickVujicic），他们利用科技和社交媒体的力量，不加解释地展示了轮椅或假肢。人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位。)”可知，人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位，即科技改变了人们对残疾的态度。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志坚定，想通过运动战胜自己的残疾；根据文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的历程是想帮助他人，让他人从中受益，作者是一名有责任心的人。故选C。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益。这就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因为我坏了，而是因为我有机会增强人类已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是为了增强人类已有的能力，即我们应该拥抱现实，最大限度地发挥自己的能力。故选A。C（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothem,butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse,”writesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon’slighttodirectthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel’steamtracktheprecisemovementsofinsectsinthewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(转向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second,wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight.Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Itcanappeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.“Instead,insectsturntheirdorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular(垂直)tothesource,”theteamwrite.Itiscommontothetwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeepingtheirbackstothelight,knownasthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalsofindthattheinsectsflyatrightanglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflightsasthelight’slocationrelativetothemchangesastheymove.Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.28．Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A．Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.B．Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.C．Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.D．Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.29．Whatcanwelearnaboutinsectsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?A．Theyflydirectlytolights. B．Theycircleclosetolights.C．Theirflyingspeedissteady. D．Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.30．DLRmakesinsects____________.A．balancetheirflying B．keeptheirroutestraightC．decidetheirbodypositon D．shortentheirflightdistance【答案】28．A29．B30．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项对昆虫趋光的研究，旨在帮助建筑行业避免那些最容易吸引昆虫的光线。28．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothem,butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse(飞行的昆虫不会因为被灯光吸引而直接飞向远处的灯光，但如果它们碰巧经过，由于一种奇怪的先天生物反应，它们似乎会朝着灯光改变方向)”以及第二段“Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.(但这个想法并不能解释为什么只在白天飞行的昆虫也会聚集在灯光周围)”可推知，研究的重点是为什么昆虫聚集在灯光周围。故选A项。29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.(昆虫刚从灯光下经过，它们就开始走环形路)”以及“wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight(当昆虫从侧面接近光线时，它们可能会绕着光线转或“绕”)”可推知，昆虫经常在灯光附近盘旋。故选B项。30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.(这种DLR是昆虫找出向上方向并保持身体直立的捷径，因为月亮或太阳通常或多或少在它们的正上方，这个方向使它们能够保持适当的飞行姿态和控制。)”可知，DLR使昆虫决定它们的身体姿势。故选C项。D（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon’talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface;wedon’talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn’talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn‘tdevelopinthesamewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it’salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedbyvaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.31．TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto______.A．giveadefinitionofchallengetrialsB．introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC．highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD．explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.B．Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C．Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D．Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.B．Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.C．Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.D．Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?B．Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C．Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?D．Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?【答案】31．B32．C33．B34．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在医学研究中的用途和潜在效益。31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.(18世纪70年代，一位名叫爱德华·詹纳(EdwardJenner)的英国医生让他的园丁的儿子染上牛痘，然后故意让他感染天花，以检验他的假设，即经常接触牛痘(一种类似但不那么严重的病毒)的人会避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性)”可知，作者讲述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的话题。故选B项。32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.(但这不应该让我们忽视挑战试验的非凡力量。在疫苗技术不断进步、疾病从动物传染给人类的威胁日益增加的情况下，它们可能成为医学研究中越来越重要的武器)”可知，尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益。故选C项。33．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和未来的威胁，我们应该努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。也许最大的回报将是确保参与者的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间和地点应用这些试验。简而言之，通过帮助他们拯救成千上万，甚至数百万人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告诉我们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。故选B项。34．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医生进行这类研究并不罕见。即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法来降低这种风险，呼吁人们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。所以A项“Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavensofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.35Coralsareusefultopeople.Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves,low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago,andabilli