备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考Ⅰ卷专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考I卷专用）黄金卷01（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：140分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．WhendoesthemanwanttoarriveinWashington?A．By9:00am. B．By8:30am. C．By7:30am.【答案】C【原文】W:WehaveaflightthatwillgetyoutoWashingtonat9:00am.IsthatOK?M:Doyouhaveanythingearlier?Ihaveanappointmentat8:30.I’vegottobethereatleastanhouraheadoftime.2．Wherearethespeakersprobablygoingtoeatlunch?A．Athome. B．Atacafé. C．Atapark.【答案】C【原文】W:I’vebroughtourlunch.Wecaneatatthepark.M:That’smuchmorefunthaneatingatthecafé.3．Whoistheman?A．Ahairdresser. B．Atailor. C．Asalesman.【答案】A【原文】M:Wouldyoulikeitshortorlongattheback?W:Quiteshort.M:And…uh…doesn’titbotheryouhavingsomuchgreyhairatyourage?W:No,Ilikeit.4．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Apart-timejob. B．Housecleaning. C．Thewoman’sfather.【答案】A【原文】M:Iknowyouareworkingatyourdad’sgasstationeverydayafterschool,butwhatdoyouactuallydothere?W:Ifillpeople’scarswithgas.Iwashtheirwindows,too.5．Howdidthemangetthenews?A．Theteachertoldhim.B．Hegotthenewsfromanemail.C．Hewasinformedbythewoman.【答案】B【原文】W:Youlooksoexcited.Whatisthegoodnews?M:IwasinformedthatIwasadmittedtomydreamuniversity.W:Congratulationstoyou.Bytheway,whotoldyouthegoodnews?M:Thestaffintheuniversitysentmeanemail.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Whatistheman?A．Adoctor. B．Asalesman. C．Achemist.7．Whatissaidaboutthemedicine?A．Ithassideeffects. B．Itmaycausediscomfort. C．Itshouldbetakenbeforemeals.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】M:Hello,mayIhelpyou?W:Yes.MydoctorsaidIshouldtakethismedicine.Canyoufilltheprescription（处方）?M:Oh,yes.Noproblem.W:Doesthismedicinehaveanysideeffects?M:Nosideeffects.Yourdoctorstatestosimplytakeitbeforeyougotosleep.However,ifyoufeelbadinthemorning,callyourdoctorrightaway,andfinallydon’tdrinkanyalcoholwhileyou’retakingthismedicine.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmathnow?A．Interested. B．Anxious. C．Unconcerned.9．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Asubject. B．Astudent. C．Ateacher.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】M:Whoisthecreativepersonthatyouadmire?W:Well,Mr.Brown.Heisanextremelycreativemathteacher.M:Sowhydoyouadmirehim?W:IusedtohatemathsomuchbeforeIhadMr.Brown’slessons.NowIfindmathquiteattractive.M:That’sgreat.Doesanyoneyouknowadmirehim?W:Certainly.Allmyclassmatesjustloveandrespecthimforhiscreativeteaching.M:Doyouthinkcreativitycanbelearnedandpracticed?W:Definitely.Creativity,likeanyotherqualities,canbetrained.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10．Wherearethespeakers?A．Atagrocerystore. B．Atafoodmarket. C．Atadepartmentstore.11．Whyisthemembershipcardrecommended?A．Thecardisfreeofcharge.B．Memberscanenjoyadiscount.C．Promotionupdateswillbeoffered.12．Howmuchisleftonthewoman’sgiftcard?A．£34.48. B．£7.30. C．£27.18.【答案】10．C11．C12．B【原文】M:WouldyouliketheT-shirtandjeansgift-wrapped?W:Oh,yes,thatwouldbeperfect.M:Suretherego.Doyouhaveamembershipcard?W:No,Idon’t.Actually,Iamnotaregularhere.M:Wouldyouliketosignupforit?You’llbeinformedofanyupcomingpromotionsonallofourproducts.W:No,thankyou.Idon’toftenshophere.M:OK,that’sfine,sothatwillbe£34.48intotalthen,please.W:Well,IalsohaveagiftcardI’dliketouse,please.I’mnotsurehowmuchisleftonthere,though.M:Okay,letmecheckthatforyou.You’vegot£7.30lefttospendonthis.W:Great!I’dliketousethatthen.M:Ofcourse,sothatwillbe£27.18lefttopaythenplease.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13．Whenisthewomansupposedtohandinheressay?A．BythisSaturday. B．BynextMonday. C．BynextFriday.14．Whyisthewomanbehindwithherwritingclass?A．Shewasillforaweek.B．Thecourseistoodifficult.C．Shewasbusywithaliveperformance.15．Whatdoesthemanthinkofhiscollegelife?A．Busy. B．Colorful. C．Boring.16．Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoonthe28th?A．Seeanexhibition. B．Attendaparty. C．Watchaplay.【答案】13．C14．A15．B16．B【原文】M:Itseemsthatyouareverybusythesedays.W:Youcan’timaginewhatIhavetofinish.Theliteraturecourseissodifficult.IhavetoreadtwonovelsbynextMondayandhandina3,000-wordessaybynextFriday.M:Soyoudon’twanttocometoanexhibitionwithmethisSaturday?W:I’dloveto,butI’malreadybehindwithmywritingclassbecauseIhadacoldforaweekandmissedafewlessons.Youseemtohaveloadsoffreetime.M:Well,wejustdon’thaveasmuchacademicworkasyou.Mycollegelifeiscolorfulcomparedwithyours.Therearevariousliveperformancesasanartmajor.W:Yes,I’mboredwiththelifeofreadingandwritingeveryday.M:Whydon’twestoptalking?Justworknow.Ifyouhavefinishedeverythingbythe16th,wecouldgotothatnewplay.W:Okay.I’lltry.Idon’twanttomissthestudentpartyonthe28th.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17．Whodoesthespeakerprobablyspeakto?A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents.18．Whatkindofbagsdoesthespeakersuggestusing?A．Paperbags. B．Plasticbags. C．Reusablebags.19．Whatisthespeaker’ssecondsuggestion?A．Unpluggingthedevices.B．Usingenergy-savingdevices.C．Standingbesidethedevices.20．Whydoesthespeakermakethespeech?A．Tocallforpeopletotakeaction.B．Tocorrectsomewrongideas.C．Todiscussdifferenthabitsinlife.【答案】17．A18．C19．A20．B【原文】Goodmorning,class.We’reallawarethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment,suchassavingwater,reducingpollutionandplantingmoretrees.Therearesome“greentruths”.Aretheyalltrue?Let’ssee.Firstly,papershoppingbagsarebetterthanplasticones.Isittrue?Actually,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticoneandproducesmoregreenhousegases.Soareusablebagisthebestchoice.Secondly,whenyouturnoffadevice,itstopsusingpower.Really?Ifyouturnoffthetelevisionorairconditioner,itgoesintothestandbymode.Devicesinthismodestillusepower.Sotomakesureyourapplianceisinfactoff,youshouldremovetheplugfromitspowersupply.Thirdly,it’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.Trueornot?Infactitdependsonhowlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.Ifyouspendmorethan8minutesinashower,you’lluseasmuchaswaterinabath—about50litersofwater.Sothekeyistokeepyourshowertimesasshortaspossible.Ihopeallofyoucanpayattentiontothethingsmentionedaboveinyourdailylife.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2023秋·浙江绍兴·高三校考阶段练习）WhileattractionsliketheShardandtheLondonEyeofferexcellentperspectives,they’realwaysbusyandticketpricesaresteep.Butwithalittleinsiderknowledge,youcansaveyourpoundsandbagyourskylinephotoswithoutthecrowdsthroughaccessingthefollowingviewpoints.ParliamentHillLondonismostlyflat,butifyouknowwheretolookthereareafewhillsthatprovidenatural(andfree)highpointsofferingcityviewswithasideorderoffreshair.OneofthemostcentralisParliamentHillonHampsteadHeath——at98m,oneofLondon’shighestnaturalviewpoints.Fromhere,onaclearday,youcansitontheparkbenchthatfeaturedinmovieslikeRunFatboyRunandNotesonaScandal.Entryfee:freeTheGardenMuseumTowerIfyouexitleftoutofWestminsterstation,battleyourwayoverthebridgeandthenturnright,pasttheviewofBigBenandwalkalongthesouthsideoftheThames,you’llcometoamedieval(中世纪的)church.WhileyoumightbeinterestedinBritishgardendesign,it’sthe14th-Centurytowerthat’sthemainattractionforphotographers.Climbthe131stepsofthenarrowspiralstaircaseandyou’llemergeontooneofthefinestriversideviewpointsinthecity——withviewsacrosstothePalaceofWestminsterontheright.Entryfee:Adultf16,orToweronly4TheIFSCloudCableCarIfyouwanttosoaroverLondoninaglasspod,theobviousplacetogoistheLondonEye.Butacheaperandcrowd-freealternativeistoridetheIFSCloudCableCar.Theviewsareimpressiveatanytime,buttheCableCarstaysopenlate,soyoucanevenenjoymagnificentsunsetsfromthewest——facingsideoradmirethetwinklingcitylightsafterdark.Entryfee:E6one-waySeabird,SouthwarkLondonhasnoshortageofrooftopvenues(场所)offeringknockoutcityscapeviews,soitcanbehardtopickjustoneortwo.Butforlocation,anglesandagreatexperience,itdoesn’tgetmuchbetterthanSeabird,onthe14thflooroftheHoxtonhotelinSouthwarkwithnothingtoblockviewsonthreesides.Entryfee:Buyadrink:draughtbeercosts₤6.50orsmallglassofwineis₤9;aportionofolivescosts₤5.21．Wherecanyougoifyouwanttophotographthe14th-Centurytower?A．TheLondonEye.B．ThesouthsideoftheThames.C．Therooftopvenues.D．AplacenearStPaul’sCathedral.22．Inwhichviewpointcanyoujustbuyadrinkandenjoyfreecityviews?A．ParliamentHill.B．TheGardenMuseumTower.C．TheIFSCloudCableCar.D．Seabird,Southwark.23．Whatdothe4viewpointshaveincommon?A．Theyarefree.B．Theyarewell-known.C．Theyarenotcrowded.D．Theyarenotcheap.【答案】21．B22．D23．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几处省钱又不拥挤的景点。21．细节理解题。根据“TheGardenMuseumTower”部分的句子“IfyouexitleftoutofWestminsterstation,battleyourwayoverthebridgeandthenturnright,pasttheviewofBigBenandwalkalongthesouthsideoftheThames,you’llcometoamedieval(中世纪的)church.WhileyoumightbeinterestedinBritishgardendesign,it’sthe14th-Centurytowerthat’sthemainattractionforphotographers.”（如果你从西敏寺车站左出口，过了桥，然后右转，经过大本钟，沿着泰晤士河南岸走，你就会来到一座中世纪的教堂。虽然你可能对英国花园设计感兴趣，但对摄影师来说，这座14世纪的塔楼才是最吸引人的地方）可知，从泰晤士河南岸，可以拍摄这座14世纪的塔楼。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据“Seabird,Southwark”部分的句子“Entryfee:Buyadrink:draughtbeercosts₤6.50orsmallglassofwineis₤9;aportionofolivescosts₤5.”（入场费：购买饮料：生啤酒6.5英镑，小杯葡萄酒9英镑；一份橄榄售价5英镑）可知，进入Seabird,Southwark的入场费是买一杯饮料。故选D项。23．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Butwithalittleinsiderknowledge,youcansaveyourpoundsandbagyourskylinephotoswithoutthecrowdsthroughaccessingthefollowingviewpoints.”（但只要掌握一些内幕知识，你就可以在以下没有人群的景点拍足够多的照片）可知，这几处景点的共同之处在于它们都不拥挤。故选C项。B（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三校联考期末）Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.Literally,inthecaseofmyfullyaccessiblehome.Mywindowsareautomatic,andmyfrontdoorisautomatictoo.Therearealsomywheelchairs.Iguessthatanywheelchairuserwillsaythebestinventionisthatofthewheel.It’satoolbringingindependenceandcomfort.Lastweek,Itookawell-deservedbreakfromworkandwentonastaycationinmylocalarea.Onthefirstday,IwasheadingfurtheroutinmypowerwheelchairthanI’veeverbeenonmyown.ThischairisalmostlikeaTransformer.Ilikethespeed,thephonechargerandtheflexiblefeature.It’sawonderfulcreation.However,whiletherearemanybenefitsthatcomewithtechnology,Istillliveinadisablingworld.Forexample,outinmypowerwheelchairthatday,feelingfreeandeasy,Iheadedstraighttotheshopnotfaraway.Ideservetofeelheardandincludedwheninnovationisconcerned.ButwhenIgotthere,Iwasconfrontedbyself-servicecheckouts.Whiletheyaredesignedforeasyandquickservice,formeandmanyotherdisabledpeople,thelackofface-to-faceservicescanputusatadisadvantage.Notonlyarethecheckoutsfartoohigh,theyareawkwardlydesignedsothatyoucannotapproachthemwithawheelchair.So,Iwaitedforsomeonetoassistme.Injustamatterofafewhours,Ihadseenhowtechnologyandaccessibilityadvancementshaveempoweredmethen,inthenextbreath,disabledme.Istillliveinadisablingworldwithsub-standardaccessibility.Therefore,disabledpeoplebyandlargearemorelikelytorelyonmechanicalandtechnologicaldevicessuchasliftsandcommunicationaids.Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.24．Howdoestheauthorthinkoftechnologyaccordingtoparagraphs1and2?A．Hecastssomedoubtsonit.B．Heshowsmuchgratitudeforit.C．Heexpressescuriosityaboutit.D．Hefeelsreallycarefreewithit.25．Whathappenedtotheauthorintheshop?A．Hecameacrossmanyotherdisabledpeoplebychance.B．Hewaitedquiteafewhoursinordertocheckout.C．Hewasunabletoseekassistancefromothers.D．Hecouldn’tusetheself-servicecheckoutbyhimself.26．Whydoestheauthorsayhestilllivesinadisablingworld?A．Hethinksitisnoteasytomakehisvoiceheard.B．Someshopsareinaccessibletowheelchairusers.C．Hefindsitreallyhardtofitinwithnon-disabledpeople.D．Thingsrelatedtotechnologyaresometimesoutofservice.27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MydifferentviewsconcerningdisabilityB．HowImakefulladvantageoftechnologyC．Mylove-haterelationshipwithtechnologyD．HowIliveindependentlyasadisabledman【答案】24．B25．D26．D27．C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了科技给残疾人带来了便利，但人们对机械和科技设备的使用和保护不当也为残疾人的生活带来很多不便。24．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.”（科技无疑为我打开了世界。）和第二段关键句“ThischairisalmostlikeaTransformer.Ilikethespeed,thephonechargerandtheflexiblefeature.It’sawonderfulcreation.”（这把椅子几乎像个变形金刚。我喜欢速度、手机充电器和灵活的功能。这是一个奇妙的创造。）可知，作者认为科技为自己打开了世界，身为一个残疾人，作者利用科技创造的轮椅获得了很多便利，由此可知，根据第1段和第2段内容可知，作者对技术深表感激。故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Notonlyarethecheckoutsfartoohigh,theyareawkwardlydesignedsothatyoucannotapproachthemwithawheelchair.So,Iwaitedforsomeonetoassistme.”（不仅结账台太高，而且设计得没有技巧，以至于你不能用轮椅接近它们。所以，我等着有人来帮助我。）可知，作者在自助结账时，由于结账台太高，他不能用轮椅接近他们，以至于作者不得不等着有人来帮助自己，由此可知，作者在商店里不能自己使用自助结账。故选D项。26．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Istillliveinadisablingworldwithsub-standardaccessibility.Therefore,disabledpeoplebyandlargearemorelikelytorelyonmechanicalandtechnologicaldevicessuchasliftsandcommunicationaids.Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.”（我仍然生活在一个残疾的世界，没有达到标准。因此，残疾人总的来说更可能依赖机械和技术设备，如电梯和通信辅助设备。不幸的是，这些东西有时被滥用和虐待，使依赖它们的人依赖于其他人。）可知，因为机械和科技设备有时会被乱用或被人为破坏，导致这些设备无法正常使用，在这种情况下，作者还得求助别人，所以作者说自己还生活在一个残疾的世界中，由此可知，作者说他仍然生活在一个残疾的世界，因为与技术相关的东西有时无法使用。故选D项。27．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.”（科技无疑为我打开了世界。）和最后一段关键句“Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.”（不幸的是，这些东西有时被滥用和虐待，使依赖它们的人依赖于其他人。）可知，作者在第一、二段中描述了科技给他的生活带来的益处，第三段从反面说明了科技对他的生活产生的影响，作者在最后一段中表明，人们对机械和科技设备的使用和保护不当也为残疾人的生活带来很多不便，由此可知，作者在本文中表明了他对科技爱恨交加的态度，“Mylove-haterelationshipwithtechnology”意为“我与科技爱恨交加的关系”，选项能够概括文章的主要内容。故选C项。C（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Cancer-fightinggenesinelephantscouldhelptackleoneofthebiggestkillersofpeople,accordingtoresearch.Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans,elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.Theparadoxhaspuzzledscientistsbecausemorecellsleadtogreaterreplications(复制),whichincreasesthepossibilityofthebodyfailingtodetectdamagedDNAorafaultycellthatcanresultintumors(肿瘤).Elephantsliveforalmostaslongashumansandweighuptofivetons.However,agroupofBritishandEuropeanscientistssaytheyhavetakenabigsteptowardssolvingPeto’sparadox,namedaftertheBritishepidemiologistSirRichardPeto.Elephants,theysay,carryamuchlargermorediversegroupoftumor-fightingproteins.Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonsyearly.Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumor.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe“guardianofthegenome”,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA．Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforself-destruct,keepingthecellfromcombiningwithothersandproducingtumors.Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers.Biochemicalanalysisandcomputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’sp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranti-cancertoolkit.Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotcombinewithothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesofelephantsareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.28．Whathaspuzzledscientists?A．Fewelephantsendupdyingfromcancer. B．Elephantslivelongandweighenormously.C．Morecellsleadtohigherchancesoftumors. D．Alargerbodyislesslikelytodiscoverfaultycells.29．WhatcanbelearntfromParagraph4?A．HowmanyBritonsdieeachyear. B．Howtheanti-cancergeneworks.C．Howtheresearchwascarriedout. D．Whatthefindingshavebeenappliedto.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skirt”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Strengthen. B．Detect. C．Escaped. D．Cure.31．Whichisthetextmainlyabout?A．Scientistsfindelephantslivelongerthanhumans. B．P53genesplayessentialroleinpreventingcancer.C．Elephantgenescouldbekeytofightingcancer. D．Groundbreakingtreatmentforcancerisontheway.【答案】28．A29．B30．C31．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，表明大象的抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans,elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.(尽管大象的身体很大，寿命也很长，但它们死于癌症的可能性比人类小得多，死亡率不到5%。)”可知，让科学家们感到困惑的是很少有大象最终死于癌症。故选A项。29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumor.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe‘guardianofthegenome’,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforself-destruct,keepingthecellfromcombiningwithothersandproducingtumors.(细胞在生物体的一生中不断分裂，每个细胞都有产生肿瘤的风险。人体的武器之一是被称为‘基因组守护者’的p53基因，它会搜寻有缺陷DNA的细胞。它鼓励细胞自我修复或自我毁灭，防止细胞与其他细胞结合并产生肿瘤。)”可知，从本段我们可以了解到抗癌基因是如何工作的。故选B项。30．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe‘guardianofthegenome’,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.(人体的武器之一是被称为‘基因组守护者’的p53基因，它会搜寻有缺陷DNA的细胞。)”和划线词句前文“Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers.Biochemicalanalysisandcomputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’sp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranti-cancertoolkit.(研究人员说，人类有两种p53基因，但大象有40种。生化分析和计算机模拟还表明，大象的p53基因在结构上略有不同，这提供了一个更大的抗癌工具包。)”可知，p53基因具有抗癌作用，人类有两种此类基因，而大象却有40种，从而推知划线词句“Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotcombinewithothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.(研究人员怀疑，虽然有缺陷的细胞可能能够skirt两种p53，但面对几十种，它们无法轻易与其他细胞结合。)”其中划线词汇意思是“绕过，逃避，躲避”，即有缺陷的细胞（致癌细胞）有可能躲避两种抗癌基因，但是不容易躲避几十种。故选C项。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonsyearly.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是治疗癌症的关键。)”和最后一段“Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesofelephantsareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.(这一发现将为研究大象的p53基因如何被激活以及人类的医学治疗开辟道路。)”可知，本文主要讲的是大象抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。故选C项。D（2023秋·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsomeurbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduringtheday—and22degreesFhotteratnight.These“urbanheatislands”

canalsodevelopundergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.Andbasements,subwaytunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothesurroundingearth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethegroundaroundthemexpandandcontract(收缩)enoughtocausepotentialdamage.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysthestudy’sauthorAlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwesternUniversity.Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard(危险)”tocivilinfrastructureincitieswithsofterground—especiallythosenearwater—RottaLoriasays.“Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize,”headds.Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentofclimatechange.Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlongperiodsoftime.“Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,”RottaLoriasays,addingthatelevatedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate(逐渐消失)ontheirown.Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.32．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands”?A．Theycandevelopundergroundstructures.B．Theyareimpactedbyglobalwarming.C．Theycandestroythegroundaround.D．TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates.33．WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard”inparagraph3?A．Todiscussstructuralissues.B．Tocategorizeclimatechange.C．Toexplainundergroundheat.D．Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.34．Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements.B．Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy.C．Thecostofmaintainingstructures.D．Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WarmingUnderground,WeakeningSurfaceB．ASilverLiningofGlobalWarmingC．UrbanSilentIslandsintheMakingD．ASilentCrisisinDowntownChicago【答案】32．B33．D34．B35．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案.32．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.(现在随着地球变暖，地下热量正在积聚)”可知，“城市热岛”是受到全球气候变暖的影响。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第三段中AlessandroF.RottaLoria所说的““Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize(发生的这种地下气候变化可能已经造成了建筑结构上的问题，我们甚至没有意识到)”以及最后一句话“Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentofclimatechange.(虽然这不是对人类生命的直接或直接威胁，但这种以前未知的影响突显了气候变化中一个鲜为人知的组成部分的影响)”可推知，提出“无声的危险”是想强调地下气候变暖这一被人忽略的事实。故选D。34．推理判断题。根据第五段“Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.(但接受采访的其他研究人员都表示，这些浪费的能源也可以回收利用，这为冷却地下和节省能源成本提供了机会。地铁隧道和地下室可以更新技术以重新获取热量。例如，可以安装水管穿过地下热点并吸收一些热能)”可知，该段是介绍针对地下气候变暖提出了潜在的解决方案，即可以通过更新地铁隧道和地下室的相关技术来回收利用热能，并举例了可通过安装水管这种方法来获取热能。由此推知，接下来应该是介绍对这种热能的再使用方法。故选B。35．主旨大意题。通过归纳各段大意可知，本文是介绍地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案。由此可知，“地下变暖，地表变弱”适合作本文的标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023春·广东广州·高三广东广雅中学校考阶段练习）TheValueofTearsTearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.Tearsleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.Still,cryingisafactoflife,andyourtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,theymakeafilmovertheeye’ssurface.36Whentearsfall,theyreducestress.Butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.“Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions,afraidthatoncetheylosecontrolthey’llnevergetitback.”37Afterwecry,thefeelingsthatcausedthetearsoftendisappear.Sometimespeoplebecomemuchstressedandcan’tcry.Whateveremotiontheyarefeeling—shock,anger,fear,orsadness—isbeingheldback.Buteveryonehastheneedtocry.PsychologistVeraDiamondexplainsthathertreatmentoftenconsistsofgivingpeoplepermissiontocry.38Patientspracticecryingjusttobecomeusedtoexpressingemotions.Shesuggestssafe,privateplacestocry,likeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.Cryingisawayofreducingtension,butpeopledon’tlikeitwhenotherscrybecauseitmakesthemtense.39Andthey’lldojustaboutanythingtomakeyoustop.Incertainsituations,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.It’sgoodnottocryduringatensebusinessdiscussion.40Youshouldalsoactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“Onceyourtearshavetakenawaythestress,youcanbegintothinkcalmlyofwaystodealwiththeproblem.”Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Ifyoufindyourselfnearsomeonecrying,dealwithit.Andneverbeafraidtocryyourself.A．Theytoomaybeholdingbackaneedtocry.B．Theycryfordifferentreasons.C．Shegivescryingexercises.D．Itcontainsachemicalagainstinfection.E．Thefactisthatnoemotionlastsforever.F．Itformsinresponsetothestressonthesurfaceoftheeye.G．Butonceyou’resafelybehindcloseddoors,don’tjustcry.【答案】36．D37．E38．C39．A40．G【分析】本文属于说明文。谈论眼泪的作用和价值。36．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文Still,cryingisafactoflife,andyourtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,theymakeafilmovertheeye’ssurface.可知，眼泪是有用的，即使你不哭，眼泪也可以覆盖你的眼睛表面，D项“它包含对抗感染的化学物质。”符合语境，说明眼泪的作用。，故选D。37．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段最后一句Afterwecry,thefeelingsthatcausedthetearsoftendisappear哭过之后，导致哭泣的原因也就消失了，因此没有什么