GSMA：2024年移动性别鸿沟报告 The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2024

GSMATheMobileGenderGapReport2024Copyright©2024GSMAGSNMATheGSMAisaglobalorganisationunifyingthemobileecosystemtodiscover,developanddeliverinnovationfoundationaltopositivebusinessenvironmentsandsocietalchange.Ourvisionistounlockthefullpowerofconnectivitysothatpeople,industry,andsocietythrive.Representingmobileoperatorsandorganisationsacrossthemobileecosystemandadjacentindustries,theGSMAdeliversforitsmembersacrossthreebroadpillars:ConnectivityforGood,IndustryServicesandSolutions,andOutreach.Thisactivityincludesadvancingpolicy,tacklingtoday’sbiggestsocietalchallenges,underpinningthetechnologyandinteroperabilitythatmakemobilework,andprovidingtheworld’slargestplatformtoconvenethemobileecosystemattheMWCandM360seriesofevents.WeinviteyoutofindoutmoreatFollowtheGSMAonX:@GSMAGSMAIntelligenceGSMAIntelligenceisthedefinitivesourceofglobalmobileoperatordata,analysisandforecasts,andpublisherofauthoritativeindustryreportsandresearch.Ourdatacoverseveryoperatorgroup,networkandMVNOineverycountryworldwide–fromAfghanistantoZimbabwe.Itisthemostaccurateandcompletesetofindustrymetricsavailable,comprisingtensofmillionsofindividualdatapoints,updateddaily.GSMAIntelligenceisreliedonbyleadingoperators,vendors,regulators,financialinstitutionsandthird-partyindustryplayers,tosupportstrategicdecisionmakingandlong-terminvestmentplanning.Thedataisusedasanindustryreferencepointandisfrequentlycitedbythemediaandbytheindustryitself.Ourteamofanalystsandexpertsproduceregularthought-leadingresearchreportsacrossarangeofindustryinfo@GSMAConnectedWomenTheGSMA’sConnectedWomenprogrammeworkswithmobileoperatorsandtheirpartnerstoaddressthebarrierstowomenaccessingandusingmobileinternetandmobilemoneyservices.ConnectedWomenaimstoreducethegendergapinmobileinternetandmobilemoneyservicesandunlocksignificantcommercialopportunitiesforthemobileindustryandsocio-economicbenefitsforwomen.Formoreinformation,please/connectedwomen●●AtIpsoswearepassionatelycuriousaboutpeople,markets,brandsandsociety.Wedeliverinformationandanalysisthatmakesourcomplexworldeasierandfastertonavigateandinspiresourclientstomakesmarterdecisions.Withastrongpresencein88countries,Ipsosemploysmorethan16,000peopleandhastheabilitytoconductresearchprogrammesinmorethan100countries.FoundedinFrancein1975,IpsosiscontrolledandmanagedbyresearchForthisstudy,IpsosworkedwiththeGSMAasafieldworkpartnerand,assuch,isnotresponsiblefortheanalysisorconclusionsinthisreport.ThismaterialhasbeenfundedbyUKAidfromtheUKGovernment;however,theviewsexpresseddonotnecessarilyreflecttheUKGovernment’sofficialpolicies.swedensverigeThisdocumenthasbeenfinancedbytheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency,Sida.Sidadoesnotnecessarilysharetheviewsexpressedinthismaterial.Responsibilityforitscontentsrestsentirelywiththeauthor.ThisreportisbasedonresearchfundedinpartbytheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation.ThefindingsandconclusionscontainedwithinarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflectpositionsorpoliciesoftheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation.Leadauthor:NadiaJeffrieContributors:KalvinBahia,DominicaLindsey,Anna-NoémieOuattaraBoni,ClaireSibthorpe,JakubZagdanskiFieldworkpartner:IpsosPublished:May2024ContentsIntroduction4Keyfindings8DefinitionsThemobilegendergapin2023Thejourneytomobileinternetuse22ThegendergapinmobileownershipThegendergapinsmartphoneownership2628Thegendergapinmobileinternetadoption32Spotlight:Perceptionsofwhethermobileinternetismoreimportantformenorwomen34Understandingwomen’smobileinternetuse36Understandingbarrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduse38Awarenessofmobileinternet43Barrierstomobileinternetadoptionamongthosewhoareawareofit44Barrierstofurthermobileinternetuseamongexistingusers46Spotlight:Onlinesafetyandsecurityconcerns50Recommendations54Appendices58Appendix1:Barrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduse59Appendix2:Mobileinternetusecases68Appendix3:Methodology70Endnotes7344Introduction5TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNAMobilephonesandmobileinternetcanbelifechanging,enablingpeopletostayconnectedtoeachotherandaccessinformationandservicesfromanywhere,includinghealthcare,education,e-commerce,financialservicesandincome-generatingopportunities.In2023,theworldwasmoreconnectedthaneverbeforewithmorethan3.7billionpeople1inlow-andmiddle-incomecountries(LMICs)accessingtheinternetonamobilephone.2MobileistheprimarywaypeopleareaccessingtheinternetinLMICs,accountingfor84%ofbroadbandconnectionsin2023.3Thisisespeciallytruefortheunderserved,includingwomenandthosewholiveinruralareas.In10ofthe12countriessurveyedforthisreport,womenwhousetheinternetaremorelikelythanmentoaccessitexclusivelyonamobilephone.AcrossLMICs,83%ofwomennowownamobilephone,60%ownasmartphoneand66%usemobileinternet.However,mobileaccessanduseremainunequal.Womenarestilllesslikelythanmentohaveaccesstomobilephones,mobilemoney,mobileinternetandothermobileservices.Womenarealsolesslikelythanmentohaveequaluseoftheseservices,particularlythemostunderservedwomen,includingthosewhohavelowliteracylevels,lowincomes,liveinaruralareaorhaveadisability.Inlastyear’sreport,wesharedtheconcerningfindingsthat,forasecondyearinarow,women’sdigitalinclusioninLMICshadslowedandprogressinreducingthemobileinternetgendergaphadstalled.Thisfollowedyearsofprogressinwhichthemobileinternetgendergaphadnarrowedfrom25%in2017to15%in2020.Thisreductionwastheresultoffactorssuchaschangingmarketdynamicsandlowerprices,greaterawarenessofmobileinternetand,during2020,COVID-19restrictionsandlockdownsthatdroveupmobileinternetuse.However,thesubsequentstallingofprogressinreducingthemobileinternetgendergaphighlightedthatwomenweredisproportionatelynegativelyimpactedbytheeconomiccrisisthatoccurredinthewakeoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Ourlatestdatashowsthatthemobileinternetgendergapnarrowedfrom19%in2022to15%in2023duetowomenadoptingmobileinternetatafasterratethanmen.Thisbringsusbacktowherewewerein2020,butitisnotyetclearwhetherthistrendwillcontinue.Itisessentialforwomen,andsocietiesmorebroadly,thatthismomentumcontinuesandthemobilegendergapcontinuestoclose.Addressingthemobilegendergapprovidessignificantsocialandcommercialbenefitstoindividuals,societiesandeconomies.ConnectivityisvitaltoachievingtheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),includingthoserelatedtohealth,educationandfinancialinclusion.GSMAanalysishasestimatedthatclosingthegendergapinmobileownershipanduseinLMICsoveraneight-yearperiodcoulddeliver$230billioninadditionalrevenuetothemobileindustry.TheGlobalDigitalInclusionPartnershipestimatesthat32LMICsareontracktolosemorethanUSD500billioninGDPinthenextfiveyearsduetothedigitalgenderdivide.4Weknowthatoncewomenstartusingmobilephonesandmobileinternet,theyusuallyseethebenefitsanditimprovestheirlivestoasimilardegreeasmen.In2022,wefoundthatacrossthe12surveycountries,mostpeoplewhousemobileinternetbelieveithashadapositiveimpactontheirlivesanduseiteveryday,withlittledifferencebygender.InthisseventheditionofTheMobileGenderGapReport,wesharethelatestdataonwomen’smobileaccessanduseinLMICs,thebarrierstheyfaceandhowthiscomparestomen.Wesharerecommendationstoclosethemobilegendergapandreachwomenwithmobile,withsuggestedactionsformobilenetworkoperators(MNOs),policymakersandregulators,thedevelopmentcommunityandotherstakeholders.Ensuringthatwomencanaccessandusemobileisessential,especiallyinourincreasinglydigitalworld.Mobilecanenablewomentobemoreresilientinthefaceofeconomic,climateandpoliticalcrisesandshocks.Moreattention,effortandinvestmentareneededtoclosethemobileinternetgendergap–agoalwemustcontinuetostrivetomeetsothatwomen,theircommunitiesandsocietycanreapthefull,life-changingbenefitsofmobile.1.3.4billionofwhomareadultsovertheageof18.2.GSMAIntelligence,Q42023.3.InternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)estimatesfor2023.4.GlobalDigitalInclusionPartnership.(2024).ConnectedResilience:GenderedExperiencesofMeaningfulConnectivitythroughaGlobalPandemic.TheMobileGenderTheMobileGenderGap7GSNATheMobileGenderGapReport2024TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNAThefindingsinthisreportThefindingsinthisreportarebasedontheresultsoftheannualGSMAConsumerSurvey,whichthisyearhadmorethan13,600respondentsfromTheseface-to-face,nationallyrepresentativesurveys5wereconductedbetweenAugustandDecember2023.AnalysisofotherresearchanddatafromtheGSMA,andarangeofotherorganisationsthatinvestigateandtrackthemobilegendergap,alsoinformthefindingsofthisreport.5.ExcludingEthiopia,which,duetoconflict,excludedtheTigrayregionandsixzonesin2022andtheAmhararegionandfourzonesin2023.Thereportprovides:Updatedfiguresongendergapsinmobileownership,smartphoneownershipandmobileinternetadoptioninLMICsandhowthesefigureshavechangedovertimeUpdatedinsightsonthebarrierstomobileinternetadoptionandnewdataonthebarrierstofurthermobileinternetuseNewdataonwomen’sandmen’sperceptionsofwhethermobileinternetisequallyimportantforbothgendersAspotlightontheonlinesafetyandsecurityexperiencesofmaleandfemalemobileinternetusers67Keyfindings89TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNAKeyfindings1.Women’srateofmobileinternetadoptionincreasedoverthepastyearacrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Therearenowmorewomenusingmobileinternetinthesecountriesthaneverbefore:66%(1.5billion).Bycomparison,78%ofmennowusemobileinternet,buttheirrateofadoptionslowedin2023.2.Thegendergapinmobileinternetadoptionacrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountrieshasnarrowedforthefirsttimesince2020duetowomenadoptingitatafasterratethanmen.ThisreductionwasdrivenprimarilybySouthAsiaandbringstheoverallmobileinternetgendergapbacktowhereitwasin2020.ThisgendergapalsonarrowedslightlyinSub-SaharanAfricaforthefirsttimeinfiveyears.3.Womenarenow15%lesslikelythanmentousemobileinternetacrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Thistranslatestoaround265millionfewerwomenthanmen.4.Ofthe785millionwomenwhoarestillnotusingmobileinternetinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,around60%liveinSouthAsiaandSub-SaharanAfrica.Womenintheseregionsarestilltheleastlikelytousemobileinternetcomparedtomen,withgendergapsof31%and32%,respectively.5.Thegendergapinsmartphoneownershipacrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountrieshasnarrowedslightlyfoverthepastyear.Thistranslatestoaround200millionfewerwomenthanmenwhoownone.Inthesecountries,60%ofwomennowownasmartphonecomparedto69%ofmen.Smartphoneadoptionacrossthesecountriescontinuestogrow,butataslowerratethaninpreviousyears,especiallyformen.Oncewomenownasmartphone,thevastmajorityusemobileinternetandtoasimilarextentasmen.6.Theunderlyinggendergapinmobileownershipacrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountrieshaschangedverylittlesince2017.Womenacrossthesecountriesare8%lesslikelythanmentoownamobilephone.405millionwomenstilldonotownoneandareprovingdifficulttoreach.Ourpreviousresearchhasshownthatthetopbarrierstomobileownershipforwomen(andmen)areaffordability(primarilyofhandsets)andliteracyanddigitalskills.7.Inmostofthesurveycountries,morethan80%ofpeopleareawareofmobileinternetand,forthefirsttime,awarenessisalmostequalbetweenmenandwomen.However,insomecountries,womenarearound20%lesslikelythanmentobeawareofmobileinternet.Awarenessdoesnotalwaysleadtoadoption,andbeyondbeingawarethatitexists,peoplemaynotbeawareofthedifferentwaysinwhichmobileinternetcanbeused.8.Forthosewhoarealreadyawareofmobileinternet,thetop-reportedbarrierstoadoptingitareaffordability(primarilyofhandsets)andliteracyanddigitalskills.Millionsmorewomenthanmenfacethesebarriersbecausetheyareoffline.Womenalsotendtoexperiencethesebarriersmoreacutelyduetosocialnormsandstructuralinequalities,suchaslowereducationandincome.9.Oncemenandwomenusemobileinternet,theirtopbarrierstofurtherusevarybycountry,butcommonlyreportedbarriersaresafetyandsecurityconcerns,affordability(particularlydatabutalsohandsets)andconnectivityexperience.Thebarrierstofurtherusevarymorebylocalcontextandlessbygender.10.Mostmobileinternetusersaccessiteveryday,regardlessofgender.However,femalemobileinternetuserstendtouseitforanarrowerrangeofusecasesthanmenonaweeklybasis.Themostpopularmobileinternetusecasesformenandwomeninalmosteverysurveycountryaresocialmediaandinstantmessaging.11.Inmostsurveycountries,womenwhousemobileinternetaremorelikelythanmentoreportthattheywouldliketouseitmorethantheycurrentlydo.ThiswastrueformorethanhalfoffemalemobileinternetusersinEthiopia,Kenya,Bangladesh,IndiaandPakistan.12.Mostpeoplewhoareawareofmobileinternetfeelthatitisequallyimportantforbothmenandwomentouseit.However,amongthosewhodonotfeelthatitisequallyimportant,agreaterproportionbelievethatitismoreimportantformentousemobileinternet.In11ofthe12surveycountries,70%to92%ofthosewhoareawareofmobileinternetbelievethatitisequallyimportantformenandwomen,withlittledifferencebygenderinmostcases.GSNATheMobileGenderGapReport2024INLOW-ANDMIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIES个ofwomennowusemobileinternetandtheirrateofmobileinternetadoptionincreasedoverthepastyear↓Thiswasdrivenprimarilybymobileinternetlesslikelythanmentousemobileinternetwomenarestillnotusingmobileinternetlesslesslikelythanmentoownasmartphone200MfewerwomenthanmenownasmartphoneAROUND60%LIVEINSouthAsiaandSub-SaharanAfricaTheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNAINLOW-ANDMIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIESlesslikelythanmentoownamobilephonewomenstilldonotownamobilephoneMOBILEINTERNETADOPTION preventingwomenwhousemobileinternetfromusingitmoreare:preventingwomenwhoareawareofmobileinternetfromadoptingitare:UNTRIESAcrossthe12surveycountriesWomenwhousemobileinternetaremorelikelythanmentoreportthatTheMobileGenderGapReport2024TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNADefinitionsGENDERGAPThegendergapinmobilephoneownershipandmobileinternetadoptioniscalculatedusingthefollowingformula:Gendergapinownership/adoption(%)=Maleowners/users(%ofmalepopulation)Femaleowners/users(%offemalepopulation)Maleowners/users(%ofmalepopulation)MOBILEOWNER“Mobilephoneowner”and“mobileowner”areusedinterchangeablyinthisreporttomeanapersonwhohassoleormainuseofaSIMcardormobilephonethatdoesnotrequireaSIMandusesitatleastonceamonth.ThevastmajorityofSIMownersalsohavesoleormainuseofahandset(amedianof92%acrossthecountries,rangingfrom88%to97%).FEATUREPHONEOWNERAmobileownerthathassoleorprimaryuseofafeaturephone.Afeaturephoneisaninternet-enabledmobilephonewithasmallscreenandbasickeypadwithseverallettersperbutton.Afeaturephonemayhavesomepre-installedappsbutdoesnothavetheabilitytodownloadappsfromanonlineappstore,suchasGooglePlayortheAppStore.Smartfeaturephonesareasubgroupoffeaturephonesandarenotrecordedasaseparatecategoryinthesurvey.SMARTPHONEOWNERAmobileownerthathassoleorprimaryuseofasmartphone.Asmartphoneisamobilephonewithatouchscreendisplay,anadvancedoperatingsystem(AndroidoriOS)andtheabilitytodownloadappsfromanonlineappstore,suchasGooglePlayortheAppStore.MOBILEINTERNETUSERApersonwhohasusedtheinternetonamobilephoneatleastonceinthelastthreemonths.6Mobileinternetusersdonothavetopersonallyownamobilephone.Therefore,theycanbenon-mobilephoneownerswhousemobileinternetbyaccessingitonsomeoneelse’smobilephone.6.Respondentswereaskedthequestion:“Haveyoueverusedtheinternetonamobilephone?Pleasethinkaboutallthedifferentwaysofusingtheinternetonamobilephone.Justtoconfirm,peopleareusingtheinternetontheirmobilephoneswhentheydoanyofthefollowing:visitinternetwebsites(e.g.GoogleorAmazon),visitsocialnetworkingwebsites(e.g.Facebook,Twitter,YouTube,Weibo),sendemailsorinstantmessages(e.g.WhatsApp,Snapchat,WeChat,LINE)ordownloadapps.”Mobileinternetusersarethosewhoanswered,“Yes,Ihaveusedtheinternetonamobilephoneinthepastthreemonths.”Themobilegendergapin2023TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNA2023wasadifficultyearacrossLMICs,withclimatecrises,geopoliticalshocksandhighinflationaffectingentirepopulations.Duringthisyear,women’soverallmobileownershipremainedrelativelyunchangedinthesecountrieswhilesmartphoneownershipincreasedslightly.Despiteachallengingyear,theirlevelsofmobileinternetadoptionincreasedin2023comparedto2022.Themobileinternetandsmartphoneownershipgendergapsalsonarrowedforthefirsttimesince2020.AcrossLMICs,womenarestill8%lesslikelythanmentoownamobilephone,whichtranslatesinto145millionfewerwomenthanmen.Thisgendergaphasseenlittlechangesince2017(seeFigure1)andthe405millionwomenwhostilldonotownamobilephoneareprovingdifficulttoreach.Thegendergapinsmartphoneownershipnarrowedslightlyfrom15%in2022to13%in2023,but940millionwomen(comparedto720millionmen)stilldonotownasmartphone.Addressingthesegendergapsiscrucial,asowningamobilephone,particularlyasmartphone,significantlyincreasesmobileinternetuseamongbothmenandwomen.Between2017and2020,themobileinternetgendergapnarrowedsubstantially,butin2021and2022progressstalled(seeFigure1).However,ourlatestdatashowsthatforthefirsttimeinthreeyears,themobileinternetgendergaphasnarrowedonceagain,withwomennow15%lesslikelythanmentouseit.Thisisduetoahigherrateofmobileinternetadoptionbywomenin2023andaslowerrateofadoptionbymencomparedto2022(seeFigure2).Itisyettobedeterminedwhetherwomen’srateofmobileinternetadoptionwillcontinuetoincreaseandthemobileinternetgendergapwillcontinuetonarrow.MorewomenacrossLMICsareusingmobileinternetthaneverbefore,withanadditional120millionwomenadoptingitin2023–50millionmorethanin2022.However,therearestill265millionfewerwomenthanmeninthesecountriesusingandreapingthebenefitsofmobileinternet.ThewidestgendergapsinmobileownershipandmobileinternetadoptionhaveconsistentlybeeninSub-SaharanAfricaandSouthAsia.However,themobileinternetgendergapinbothregionsnarrowedoverthepastyear,mostnotablyinSouthAsiafrom41%in2022to31%in2023.WhilethemobileinternetgendergapinSub-SaharanAfricanarrowedslightlyfrom36%in2022to32%in2023,itisstillnotnotablydifferentfromwhatitwasin2017(34%).WomenarelesslesslikelythanmentoownamobilephoneWomenarelesslikelythanmentousemobileinternetfewerwomenthanfewerwomenthanmenusingitGSNATheMobileGenderGapReport2024TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNAFigure1GendergapsacrossLMICsandbyregion,2017-2023GENDERGAPINMOBILEINTERNETADOPTIONAcrossLMICsoverall2018201920202021Gendergapinmobileinternetadoption20222023GendergapinmobileinternetadoptionGENDERGAPSINMOBILEOWNERSHIPANDSMARTPHONEOWNERSHIPAcrossLMICsoverall 16———% 9——%20182019Gendergapinmobileownership2020202120222023GendergapinsmartphoneownershipGendergapinmobileownershipGendergapinsmartphoneownership66%SouthAsia66%SouthAsia50%Sub-SaharanAfrica34%36%36%36%MiddleEast&NorthAfrica16%EastAsia&Pacific4%4%4%EuropeEurope&CentralAsia4%4%4%5%LatinAmerica&Caribbean2% 0%I0% 2% 2%0%LatinAmerica&Caribbean20182019202020222023Source:GSMA,Source:GSMA,2023MobileownershipisdefinedashavingsoleormainuseofaSIMcard(oramobilephonethatdoesnotrequireaSIM)andusingitatleastonceamonth.Mobileinternetuseisdefinedashavingusedtheinternetonamobilephoneatleastonceinthelastthreemonths.Mobileinternetusersdonothavetopersonallyownamobilephone.Thegendergapinmobileownership,smartphoneownershipandmobileinternetusereferstohowmuchlesslikelyawomanistoownamobile(orasmartphoneortousemobileinternet)thanaman.Regionalaverageswerecalculatedfromcountry-leveldatabasedonsurveyresultsandmodelleddataforadultsaged18+.Someofthepercentagesshowminordifferencesfrompreviousreports.Thisisduetochangesinthegroupofcountriesdefinedas“low-andmiddle-income”andthefactthatourmodellingusesthemostup-to-datedatafromoursurveyandthird-partysources.SouthAsia26%46%34%59%60%59%Sub-SaharanAfrica24%26%30%29%MiddleEast&NorthAfrica23%EastAsia&Pacific2%0%4%4%4%4%20182019202020222023Europe&CentralAsia0%LatinAmerica&Caribbean2%lGSNAGSNAMobileGenderGapReport2024TheMobileGenderGapReport2024Figure2AdoptionofmobileinternetbymenandwomeninLMICsTotaladultpopulationWomenMen20001800NumberofadultsNumberofadults(millions)1400120010008006004002000NumberofaduNumberofadults(millions)2000180016001400120010008006004002000201820192020202120222023201820192020202120222023NumberofadditionalmobileinternetusersthatyearNumberofexistingmobileinternetusersthatyearSource:GSMA,2023Mobileinternetuseisdefinedashavingusedtheinternetonamobilephoneatleastonceinthepastthreemonths.Mobileinternetusersdonothavetopersonallyownamobilephone.Basedonsurveyresultsandmodelleddataforadultsaged18+.TheMobileGenderGapReport2024GSNACountry-levelgendergapsinmobileownershipandmobileinternetadoptionWomenremainlesslikelythanmentoownamobilephoneinallsurveycountriesexceptKenyaandMexico,whereownershiplevelsaresimilar(Figure3).InallsurveycountriesexceptMexico,womenarealsolesslikelythanmentousemobileinternet(Figure3).Gendergapsinmobileinternetadoptionarewiderthangendergapsinmobileownershipinmostmarkets,exceptPakistan,GuatemalaandMexicowheretheyareroughlythesame,andinIndonesiawherethegendergapinmobileownershipiswiderthanformobileinternet.Evenincountrieswithsmallgendergapsinmobileownership,thegendergapinmobileinternetadoptioncanbewide,suchasinKenya,Nigeria,Senegal,UgandaandIndia.Gendergapsinmobileownershipremainedrelativelyflatinallsurveycountriessurveyedin2022and2023exceptinKenyawhere,forthefirsttime,menandwomenarenowonparat92%and91%,respectively,essentiallyclosingthisgendergap.WhilethemobileinternetgendergapnarrowedacrossLMICsoverall,atacountrylevel,trendsweremoremixed.Gendergapsinmobileinternetadoptionremainedrelativelyflatinsixofthe11marketssurveyedin2022and2023.Oftheremainingcountries,themostnotablechangeswereinIndonesia,wheregrowthinwomen’sadoptionwasstrongerthanmen’sandthegendergapnarrowedfrom15%to8%,andinIndia.Inlastyear’sreport,wehighlightedthatIndia’smobileinternetgendergaphadstalledforthesecondyearandwomen’sadoptionremainedaround30%forthethirdconsecutiveyear.In2023,thisin