新时代核心英语教程写作2教学课件U9-Process-analysis

oreurriculum新时代核心英语教程写作29UNITProcessanalysisProcessanalysisdirectionalprocessanalysis指令性过程分析informationalprocessanalysis信息性过程分析KeyTermsprocessanalysis过程分析MainContentsStrategiesfororganizingaprocessanalysisessaySampleappreciationStrategiesforusingprocessanalysis2.ChoosingtheproperwayofintroductionwhenwritingtodifferentaudienceDifficultPoints1.ExplainingeachstepfullywhenwritingaprocessanalysisessayReadeachofthetwoparagraphsonp.113carefullyandthentellwhetheritusesthedirectionalprocessanalysisortheinformationalprocessanalysis.Activity11.Informationalprocessanalysis2.DirectionalprocessanalysisStrategiesforusingprocessanalysisStrategiesforusingprocessanalysisProcessanalysismaybeusedeitherasapredominantorasasupportivepatternofessaydevelopment.StrategiesforusingprocessanalysisTheusualpurposeofwritingaprocessanalysisessayistobreakacomplicatedprocessintopartsorspecificstepsinorderthatitcanbeunderstoodeasily.Processanalysismayalsoperformthefunctionofpersuasion.BearinmindyourwritingpurposeTheprocessanalysisismainlydirectionalorinformational.Thetwotypesofprocessanalysisarenotcompletelyincompatible.Inaddition,chooseasuitablepersonwhenwritingaprocessanalysisessayofeithertype.DecideonthetypeoftheprocessIftheprocessanalysisisdirectional,addressyourreadersinthesecondperson.Iftheprocessanalysishasaninformationalpurpose,useeitherthefirstpersonorthethirdperson.DecideonthetypeoftheprocessMakeathoroughexplorationofthewholeprocessandidentifyalltheminorstepsaswellasthemajorones.Breakacomplicatedprocessintoitscomponentpartsandknowclearlyhowtheyarelinkedtoeachother.IdentifyallthestepsInformyourreadersofthenecessarytoolstheyneedinordertoachievethepurposesuccessfully.Readersshouldbeprovidedwithnecessarytoolstosecurethenaturalmovementofthewholeprocess.ProvidereaderswithnecessarytoolsGenerally,thestepsinaprocessoccurintimeorder.Sometimes,whentwoormorestepsoccursimultaneously,presenttheminlogicalorder.PresenttheprocessintimeorderDefinetermsBespecificIncludereasonsIncludedon’tsUsetherightvoiceExplaineachstepfullyPreparereadersinadvanceforproblemsthatmightoccurwhentheyfollowtheprocess.WarnreadersagainstpossibledifficultiesManypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity2Tools:bottleofeyedrops,sanitizerorsoapandwatertocleanyourhands,sometissuesorotherclothtowipeawayexcessdropsfromaroundyoureyes.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity2Step1:Preparing1.Washyourhandswithsoapandwateranddrythemwithacleantowelorapapertowel.Ifsoapandwateraren’tavailable,youcanusehandsanitizerinstead.2.Ifdirectedonthelabelorbyyourdoctororpharmacist,gentlyshakethebottle.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity23.Removethecapfromthebottleandplaceitonitssideonacleansurface.4.Checkthedroppertiptomakesureit’sclean.Ifit’sdirty,throwthebottleofdropsawayandgetanewone.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity2Step2:Puttinginthedrops1.Tiltyourheadbackorliedownflatonyourback.Pullyourlowereyeliddownwithyourindexfingertoformapouchorpocketwheretheeyedropwillgo.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity22.Holdthebottleoveryoureye,withthedroppertipfacingdown.Thedroppertipshouldbeasclosetoyoureyeaspossiblewithouttouchingyoureye.Youcansupportthehandthat’sholdingthebottlebyrestingyourwristagainstyourforehead.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity23.Lookup.Squeezethebottlesothatasingledropfallsintothepouchyoumadewithyourlowereyelid.4.Closeyoureyegentlyandtiltyourfacetowardthefloorfortwotothreeminutes.Trytoavoidblinking,movingyoureyeball,orsqueezingyoureyelidstightlyshut.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity25.Whileyoureyeisclosed,useonefingertoapplygentlepressuretotheinsidecorneroftheeye.Thisstopsthemedicationfromdrainingintoyournasalpassagesandgettingintoyourmouthorthroat.6.Useatissueorotherclothtowipeawayanyexcessliquidfromaroundyoureyes.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity2Step3:Finishingup1.Ifyouneedtoputasecondeyedropintothesameeye,waitatleast5-10minutesafterputtinginthefirstdrop.2.Putthecapbackonthebottle.Don’ttouchthedroppertiportrytocleanit.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity23.Washyourhandstoremoveanymedicationthatgotonthem.4.Storethebottleasdescribedonthelabelorbyyourdoctororpharmacist.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity2Do’s1.Doknowhowlongyoureyedropscanbesafelyusedonceyouopenthebottle.Forprescriptioneyedrops,askyourpharmacistabouttheexpirationdate.Forover-the-counterdrops,checktheexpirationdateonthelabel.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity22.Ifyou’reusingtwotypesofeyemedications,dousethemintheproperorder.Ifyou’reusingbothaneyesolutionandaneyesuspension,usethesolutionfirst.Thenusethesuspension.Yourdoctororpharmacistcantellyouthedifferencebetweenthesetypesofmedications.Ifyou’reusingeyedropsandaneyeointment,usetheeyedropsfirst.Thenapplytheointmentatleast10minuteslater.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity23.Dounderstandit’snormalforsomeliquidtoflowontotheskinaroundyoureyesafteryouuseaneyedrop.Thisdoesnotmeanyouneedanotherdrop.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity2Don’ts1.Don’tallowthedroppertiptotouchyoureyeoranyothersurface.Ifthedroppertiptouchesanysurface,itcouldpickupbacteriaorothergermsthatcouldcauseaninfectioninyoureye.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity22.Don’twearcontactlenseswhileapplyingmedicatedeyedropsunlessyourdoctororpharmacistsaysit’sokay.Waitatleast15minutesafterusingthedropsbeforeputtingincontactlenses.Ifyou’reusingmoisturizingeyedropsforusewithcontacts,though,youdon’tneedtowait.Manypeopleuseeyedropstotreatarangeofeyeproblemsortorelievedryeyesorredeyes.Makeadetailedlistofthestepstoinstructyourreaderstocorrectlyapplyeyedrops.Activity23.Don’tshareeyedropswithanotherperson.Sharingdropscouldspreadgermsandinfection.StrategiesfororganizingaprocessanalysisessayStrategiesfororganizingaprocessanalysisessayProcessanalysisessaysaremadeupofthreeparts:thebeginning,thebody,andtheendingEachofthemshouldbewellplannedsoastoensurethesuccessofthewholeessay.StrategiesfororganizingaprocessanalysisessayTointroducea“how-to”processanalysisessay,analyzeyourreadersfirst.Anothercommonelementofprocessintroductionistolistallthematerialneededintheprocess.HowtointroduceaprocessanalysisessayWhenwritingtoincredulousreaders,youmayreassurethembyestablishingyourauthority.HavingtaughtEnglishformorethan30years,Icometorealizehowimportantitistolearnthelanguagebyfollowingacorrectmethod.NowletmeintroducetoyouthebestandthequickestwayofmasteringEnglishinhalfayear.HowtointroduceaprocessanalysisessayToindifferentreaders,youmightmentiontheadvantagesofknowinghowtodowhateveryouwilldescribetoarousetheirinterest.Apart-timejobisanexcellentwaytomakeextramoneybyworkingafterschoolorontheweekend.SinceIhaveagreatpart-timejobataclothingstore,Iwouldlovetotellyouhowtofindagoodoneonyourown.Youonlyneedtofollowafeweasysteps.HowtointroduceaprocessanalysisessayIfyouthinkyourreadersmaybeintimidatedbyyoursubject,youmayreassurethemthatdoingsomethingisnotasdifficultastheyimagine.Studiesshowthatmanypeopleprefertoacceptadefectiveproductratherthandealwiththeuncomfortableprocessofmakingacomplaint.However,onceafeweasy-to-learnbasicsaremastered,anyonecanmakeacomplaintthatworks.HowtointroduceaprocessanalysisessayReadthebeginningparagraphsonp.118andthendeterminewhattechniquesareusedtointroducetheessays.Activity3Paragraph1:Reassurethereaderbygivingqualificationsandbysuggestingthatitisnotasdifficultasheimagines.Paragraph2:Mentiontheadvantagesofknowinghowtoprepareforajobinterviewtoarousethereader’sinterest.Readthebeginningparagraphsonp.118andthendeterminewhattechniquesareusedtointroducetheessays.Activity3Paragraph3:Mentiontheadvantagesofrepairingabrokenwindow,emphasizetheeasinessofthework,andlistthematerialsinvolvedintheprocess.IntimeorderinspatialorderinorderofimportanceHowtodevelopthebodyofaprocessanalysisessayInthepassageonp.119,thewritertellsushowtoshineleathershoes.Readthepassageandthenanswerthequestionsbelow.Activity4Howmanystepsdoesittaketoshineleathershoes?Whatarethey?Threesteps:(1)cleanthesurfaceofyourshoes,(2)smearthepolishonthesurfaceoftheshoes,and(3)polishyourshoesbyrubbingthesurfacewithasoftpieceoflinen.Intheessayonp.119,thewritertellsushowtoshineleathershoes.Readtheessayandthenanswerthequestionsbelow.Activity42.Inwhatorderdoesthewriterorganizethesteps?Howeffectiveistheorderofthesesteps?Theauthororganizesthestepsintimeorder.Wecannotchangetheorderofthesteps.Includesomebriefcommentsonthesignificanceorpracticalvalueoftheinformationandmakereadersfeelthattheyhaveindeedlearnedsomethingworthwhile.Makeasummaryofallthestepsmentioned.Give

readersafewcheerywordsofencouragement.Mention

relatedorcomplementaryprocessesthatyourreadersmightbeinterestedin.HowtoendaprocessanalysisessayUsetransitionsinaccordancewiththewaytheprocessanalysisessayisorganized.Remembertovarythetransitionsyouuse.HowtoholdaprocessanalysisessaytogetherSampleappreciationSampleappreciationReadtheessaytitled“MyFavoriteSandwich”onp.121,andanswerthefollowingquestions.SampleappreciationSampleappreciation1.Whatistheprocessanalyzedintheessay?Howmanystepsarethereintheprocess?Whatarethey?Theprocessofmakingmyfavoritesandwichisanalyzedintheessay.Twostepsareinvolved:placingtheingredientstogether,onelayerontopofanother,andthenputtingthesandwichintothemicrowaveforthirtyseconds.Sampleappreciation2.Whattypeofprocessanalysisdoestheessaybelongto?Informationalprocessanalysis.Sampleappreciation3.Whatpointofviewisadoptedintheessay?Thefirstpersonpointofview.Sampleappreciation4.Howisinformationintheessayorganized?Informationisorganizedintimeorder.Sampleappreciation5.Aretherecleartransitionsbetweendifferentstepsandsub-steps?Theauthorreliesheavilyonsubordinateclausesoftimeandconditionastransitionsbetweendifferentstepsandsubsteps,combinedwithexpressionsofeagernesstofinishtheprocessandeatthesandwich.Sampleappreciation5.Aretherecleartransitionsbetweendifferentstepsandsub-steps?Forexample:Justtheingredientsalonemotivatemetobringmytasktoquickcompletion;MystomachbeginstochurnasIreachfortheham;IfI’mlucky,Icouldfindthestrengthtoplacethesandwichonaplate;Asmyhamandcheeseheatsup,theinvitingscentfillstheroom,andsoon.Sampleappreciation5.Aretherecleartransitionsbetweendifferentstepsandsub-steps?Therearealsocleartransitionalexpressionstosignalmovementfromoneactiontoanother,especiallyinthelastparagraph,forexample:atlast,then.Sampleappreciation6.Howdoesthewriterbeginandendtheessay?Beginning:Theauthoridentifiesthesubject,mentionsthemainingredients,andarousesthereader’sinterestbyexpressingdelightandanticipation.Sampleappreciation6.Howdoesthewriterbeginandendtheessay?Ending:Theendingiscreativelyinterwovenintothesecondstep.Withheatingfinished,whatislefttodoistoenjoythesandwich.Thisconclusiongoeswellwiththeauthor’seagernessthroughouttheprocessofmakingthesandwich.Sampleappreciation7.Howwouldyoucharacterizethetoneoftheessay?Whatdetailscontributetothetone?Theessayiswritteninalight-hearted,humoroustone,withfrequentexpressionsofeagernesstodevourthesandwich.Sampleappreciation7.Howwouldyoucharacterizethetoneoftheessay?Whatdetailscontributetothetone?Choiceofdetails:MystomachbeginstochurnasIreachfortheham;AsIputthesandwichtogether…Ifightthetemptationtodevourthesandwichrightthenandthere;IfI’mlucky,Ifindthestrengthtoplacethesandwichonaplateandputitintothemicrowavefor30seco