英语：名词性从句和定语从句

英语：名词性从句和定语从句英语：名词性从句和定语从句知识点：英语名词性从句和定语从句一、名词性从句1.概念：名词性从句是指在句子中具有名词作用的从句，可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。a.宾语从句：疑问词+陈述句语序b.表语从句：名词/代词+陈述句语序c.主语从句：疑问词+陈述句语序d.同位语从句：名词/代词+同位语从句3.连接词：a.宾语从句：that,if,whetherb.表语从句：thatc.主语从句：that,who,what,whetherd.同位语从句：thata.Ithinkthatheisagoodteacher.（宾语从句）b.Theproblemiswhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.（主语从句）c.Thebooktellsusthatreadingisimportant.（表语从句）d.Thenewsthathewontheprizemadeeveryoneexcited.（同位语从句）二、定语从句1.概念：定语从句是指在句子中修饰名词或代词的从句，起到形容词的作用。a.限制性定语从句：necessary,important,beautiful等形容词后b.非限制性定语从句：like,such,which,who等引导3.关系词：a.关系代词：who,which,thatb.关系副词：where,when,whya.Thebookthatyougavemeisveryinteresting.（限制性定语从句）b.Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor.（关系代词who）c.Thehouse,whichwevisitedlastweek,isverybeautiful.（关系代词which）d.Theplacewhereshemetherhusbandisapark.（关系副词where）5.定语从句的省略：a.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词为it,they时，关系词可以省略b.在非限制性定语从句中，关系词不能省略三、名词性从句和定语从句的区分1.位置不同：名词性从句在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分；定语从句修饰名词或代词，放在被修饰词之后。2.功能不同：名词性从句具有名词的作用；定语从句具有形容词的作用。3.连接词不同：名词性从句的连接词有that,if,whether等；定语从句的关系词有who,which,that等。通过以上知识点的总结，希望能帮助你更好地理解和掌握英语名词性从句和定语从句的用法。在实际运用中，多加练习，不断提高自己的英语水平。习题及方法：一、名词性从句1.习题：选择正确的关系词填空。a.Weneedtodecide**_**weshouldstarttheproject.b.Is**_**importanttofinishthetaskontime?a.thatb.whethera.宾语从句，需要用that引导。b.主语从句，需要用whether引导。2.习题：将下列句子改写为名词性从句。a.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.b.Whathesaidsurprisedeveryone.a.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.b.Thesurpriseiswhathesaid.a.将原句中的主语从句保持不变。b.将原句中的主语改为名词性从句。二、定语从句3.习题：选择正确的关系词填空。a.Ihaveabook**_**yougavemelastweek.b.Theman**_**metyesterdayisateacher.a.thata.限制性定语从句，先行词为book，需要用that引导。b.非限制性定语从句，先行词为人，需要用who引导。4.习题：将下列句子改写为定语从句。a.Thehouseneartheparkisverybeautiful.b.MybrotherlivesinNewYork.a.Thehouse**_**(is)neartheparkisverybeautiful.b.Mybrother**_**(lives)inNewYorkisadoctor.a.在原句中添加关系词where，并将is提前。b.在原句中添加关系词who，并将lives提前。5.习题：判断下列句子中定语从句的使用是否正确，并解释原因。a.Thebookthatyougavemeisveryinteresting.b.Thewomanwhoistalkingtoyouismymother.c.Thecarwhichwesawyesterdaywasblue.d.Theplacewherehemethiswifeisapark.a.正确，限制性定语从句，关系词that引导。b.正确，非限制性定语从句，关系词who引导。c.正确，限制性定语从句，关系词which引导。d.正确，非限制性定语从句，关系词where引导。a.b.c.d.分别判断句子中定语从句的使用是否符合限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句的规则。6.习题：将下列句子改写为定语从句，并省略关系词。a.Themanwhoisstandingoverthereismyteacher.b.Thebookthatyougavemeisveryinteresting.a.Theman**_**(isstandingoverthere)ismyteacher.b.Thebook**_**(yougaveme)isveryinteresting.a.b.根据定语从句的省略规则，省略关系词who和that。7.习题：判断下列句子中名词性从句的使用是否正确，并解释原因。a.Whetheryoucomeornot,Iwillwaitforyou.b.Thathewontheprizesurprisedeveryone.c.Ifwemeetagain,wewillbegoodfriends.d.Whetherwecanfinishtheworkontimeisaproblem.a.正确，主语从句，关系词whether引导。b.正确，宾语从句，关系词that引导。c.正确，宾语从句，关系词if引导。d.正确，表语从句，关系词whether引导。a.b.c.d.分别判断句子中名词性从句的使用是否符合主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句的规则。8.习题：将下列句子改其他相关知识及习题：一、同位语从句1.习题：选择正确的关系词填空。a.Thenews**_**hewontheprizemadeeveryoneexcited.b.Canyoubelieve**_**hesaid?a.thatb.whata.同位语从句，需要用that引导。b.宾语从句，需要用what引导。2.习题：将下列句子改写为同位语从句。a.Theclaimthatheisagoodteacherisnottrue.b.Thesuggestionwastomeetat5PM.a.Theclaim**_**(isnottrue)isthatheisagoodteacher.b.Thesuggestion**_**(wastomeetat5PM)wastomeetat5PM.a.b.在原句中添加关系词that，并将isnottrue和wastomeetat5PM分别放在同位语从句中。二、状语从句3.习题：选择正确的从句类型填空。a.Istayedathome**_**Iwasfeelingsick.b.Helefttheparty**_**hesawhisfriend.a.becauseb.aftera.原因状语从句，需要用because引导。b.时间状语从句，需要用after引导。4.习题：将下列句子改写为状语从句。a.Shecan'tattendthemeetingbecausesheissick.b.Themoviestartedafterwearrivedatthecinema.a.Becausesheissick,shecan'tattendthemeeting.b.Wearrivedatthecinema**_**themoviestarted.a.将原因状语从句改为主从句的形式。b.将时间状语从句改为省略主语和be动词的形式。5.习题：判断下列句子中状语从句的使用是否正确，并解释原因。a.Hewenttothestoretobuysomegroceries.b.IstartedcookingwhilemyparentswerewatchingTV.c.TheyspoketoeachotherinFrenchalthoughtheywerefromdifferentcountries.d.Sheworeacoatbecauseitwasrainingoutside.a.正确，目的状语从句，用to引导。b.正确，时间状语从句，用while引导。c.正确，让步状语从句，用although引导。d.正确，原因状语从句，用because引导。a.b.c.d.分别判断句子中状语从句的使用是否符合目的状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句或原因状语从句的规则。三、被动语态6.习题：将下列句子改写为被动语态。a.Peopleadmiremyfatherforhishardwork.b.Shecookeddinnerforherfamilylastnight.a.Myfatherisadmiredbypeopleforhishardwork.b.Dinnerwascookedforherfamilylastnightbyher.a.将主动语态改为被动语态，注意主语和谓语动词的变化。b.将主动语态改为被动语态，并在句子中添加介词by。7.习题：判断下列句子中被动语态的使用是否正确，并解释原因。a.Thewindowwasbrokenbytheball.b.T