初中英语句子成份

初中英语句子成份初中英语句子成份

英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。

【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？

【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。

【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？

1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：

The

car

is

running

fast.

/

The

girl

can

sing

many

English

songs.(名词)

We

are

students.

/

This

is

my

pen

.

Yours

is

on

the

desk.(代词)

One

of

my

classmates

is

from

Shanghai.

/

Two

and

three

is

finve.(数词)

The

blind

need

more

help.(名词化的形容词)

It's

bad

manners

to

spit

in

public.

(不定式)

Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.(动名词)

【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：

由单一动词作谓语：We

are

Chinese.

/

He

has

an

English-

Chinese

dictionary.

情态动词加主要动词：We

can

play

the

piano.

/

You

must

see

the

doctor.

助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She

is

talking

with

her

sister.

/

I

have

seen

this

man

before.

【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，

smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：

They

are

workers.(名词)

Two

and

three

is

five.(数词)

The

story

is

very

interesting.(形容词)

M

y

job(工作)is

teaching

English.(动名词)

She

is

at

home.(介词短语)

I

feel

terrible.(形容词)

The

dish

tastes

delicious.(形容词)

He

is

here

(副词)

It‟s

getting

dark.

/

He

got

very

angry.

/

The

hill

has

turned

green.

(形容词)

初中英语句子成份

英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。

【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？

【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。

【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？

1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：

The

car

is

running

fast.

/

The

girl

can

sing

many

English

songs.(名词)

We

are

students.

/

This

is

my

pen

.

Yours

is

on

the

desk.(代词)

One

of

my

classmates

is

from

Shanghai.

/

Two

and

three

is

finve.(数词)

The

blind

need

more

help.(名词化的形容词)

It's

bad

manners

to

spit

in

public.

(不定式)

Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.(动名词)

【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：

由单一动词作谓语：We

are

Chinese.

/

He

has

an

English-

Chinese

dictionary.

情态动词加主要动词：We

can

play

the

piano.

/

You

must

see

the

doctor.

助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She

is

talking

with

her

sister.

/

I

have

seen

this

man

before.

【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，

smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：

They

are

workers.(名词)

Two

and

three

is

five.(数词)

The

story

is

very

interesting.(形容词)

M

y

job(工作)is

teaching

English.(动名词)

She

is

at

home.(介词短语)

I

feel

terrible.(形容词)

The

dish

tastes

delicious.(形容词)

He

is

here

(副词)

It‟s

getting

dark.

/

He

got

very

angry.

/

The

hill

has

turned

green.

(形容词)

【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，

tell，leave等。如：

He

bought

me

a

book.

Pass

me

the

ball，will

you？(间宾＋直宾)

直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加(四)

挑出下列句中的表语

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

Keys:

①tired.

②worried

③yellow.

④interested

⑤the

first

(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

①

They

use

Mr,

Mrs

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name?

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

aiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

Keys:

①family

②given

③third

④some

⑤downstairs

⑥of

the

other

shoe!六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤

I

saw

Mr

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

Keys:

①to

read

newspapers

and

books

②to

take

the

boy

③difficult

④

Lily

⑤get

on

the

bus

⑥playing

football

Keys:

①to

read

newspapers

and

books

②to

take

the

boy

③difficult

④

Lily

⑤get

on

the

bus

⑥playing

football

(七)

挑出下列句中的状语

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

travelling

too

fast.

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.

⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.

⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.

⑧

The

students

followed

Uncle

Wang

to

see

the

other

machine.

Keys:

①

on

her

face.

②Every

night

③

when

he

was

eleven.

④

too

fast.

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm

⑥

because

she

loves

books.

⑦

if

you’ve

lost

it

⑧

to

see

the

other

machine.

(八)

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

termKeys:

①to

read

newspapers

and

books

②to

take

the

boy

③difficult

④

Lily

⑤get

on

the

bus

⑥playing

football

(七)

挑出下列句中的状语

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

travelling

too

fast.

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.

⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.

⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.

⑧

The

students

followed

Uncle

Wang

to

see

the

other

machine.

Keys:

①

on

her

face.

②Every

night

③

when

he

was

eleven.

④

too

fast.

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm

⑥

because

she

loves

books.

⑦

if

you’ve

lost

it

⑧

to

see

the

other

machine.

(八)

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

Keys:

①

us,

间接宾语,

a

story,

直接宾语

②

me,

间接宾语

a

new

bike,

直接宾语

③

us,

间接宾语

history,

直接宾语

④

Tom,

间接宾语

it,

直接宾语

⑤

me,

间接宾语

message,

直接宾语

由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。

For

example:

1.

I

know

she

lives

here.

2.

Father

is

thinking

of

how

we

can

get

to

the

station?

3.

I

am

sorry

that

I

am

late

for

class.

.

宾语从句的连接词有三种形

由that引导；

2.由连接代词who,what,which,whose和连接副词when,where,why

how等引导；3.由if

或whether引导。

1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来的时候，该从句通常由that引导。That无具体意义，不作任何成分，因此在口语或者非正式文体中常常被省略。For

example.

We

all

say.

Lao

Wang

is

a

good

friend.

We

all

say

(that)Lao

Wang

is

a

good

friend.

I

„sure.

You

have

seen

that

book

before.

I

„m

sure(that)you

have

seen

that

book

before.

•

Exercise:

•

1.

He

said

____

everyone

was

here

except

LinFeng.

•

a,

that

b,

what

c,

when

d,

where

•

2.

My

friend

says.

He

is

a

teacher.

(变成宾语从句）

My

friend

(that)

he

is

a

teacher

2.当宾语从句由一般疑问