初中英语定语从句

定语从句1.基本知识精讲在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。如：Thisistheengineerwhowillgiveusatalkonscience.先行词关系词定语从句Theman

who/thatIsawattheschoolgateyesterday

ismyEnglishteacher.先行词

定

语

从

句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。①

Iamwaitingfor

theboy

who/that

iswearingaredcoat.

（关系代词作主语）

先行词

关系代词我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。②

Thedictionary

that/which

mysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.

先行词

关系代词

（关系代词作宾语）我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。③

Thewoman

whose

nameisLindaBrownishismother.

（关系代词作定语）

先行词

关系代词那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达•布朗。④

Thatis

thehouse

where

myfatherusedtolive.

（关系代词作状语）

先行词

关系副词那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。一、由关系代词引导的定语从句英语中的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that和as。它们的用法如下：1.who，whom的用法who和whom指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。①ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

②Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?

(作宾语)Theyoungworkerwhoinventedthistoolisherbrother.Thisistheboy(whom)Ihelped.2.which的用法which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：①Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

②Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)Thefactorywhichproducesthesecarsisverylarge.Thisisthebook(which)youwant.3.whose的用法whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Whose有时可用ofwhich替换。如：Doyouliveintheroomwhosewindowopenstothewest?Thisisthestudentwhosepronunciationisthebestinourclass.4.that的用法that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。如：

①Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

②Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)Therewereoncesixblindmenthat/wholivedinavillageinIndia.Wheatisaplantthat/whichisgrowninthenorthofChina.Theletter(that)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.[注意]只能用关系代词that的场合that既可以指人也可以指物，但在下列场合，要用that，而不用which或who。1.先行词是不定代词all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few，any等时，只能用that。如：That’sallthatIwanttosay.Everythingthattheparentsdoisforthegoodoftheirchildren.2.先行词被all，any，no，theonly，thevery（恰好），little，few等词修饰时。如：ThankyouforgivingmetheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthemeeting.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.3.指物的先行词被形容词的最高级或被序数词修饰时。如：Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.4.先行词中既有人又有物时。如：Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfellintotheriver.Hetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachersthathehadvisited.5.当先行词为theway，thetime，theperiod等时，但that通常被省略。如：Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallhelpyou.6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复用that引导取代which或who。用which不用that的情况1.在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.2.先行词指物，且介词后Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.3.先行词本身是that时Idon’tthatwhichhedid.小结：that—既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which—指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。who—指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语（常用whom），可以省略。注：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。注意——(1)

当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

①Thisisthehouse

inwhich

welivedlastyear.

这是我们去年居住的房子。②Pleasetellme

fromwhom

youborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)

含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

Thisisthepersonwhomyouare

lookingfor.

这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)

that

作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.

她居住的城市非常远。二、关系副词引导的定语从句英语中的关系副词有when，where，why等。在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。1.when的用法when指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at/in/onwhich。如：HowcanIforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)IjoinedtheYouthLeague?Ithoughtofthedayswhen(=inwhich)westudiedtogether.Hecameatatimewhenthestudentsneededhim.Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。2.where的用法where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/on/atwhich。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)mygrandfatheronceworked.Thatistheplacewhere(=inwhich)welivedtwoyearsago.

Thisistheplacewhereheworks.

这是他工作的地点。3.why的用法why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich。如：Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)yougetsoangrywithme.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?[注意]表示时间、地点的名词后关系词的选用当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，有时用when/where，有时用that/which引导定语从句。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的而定。如果是及物动词就用that/which（作从句的主语或宾语）；如果是不及物动词，就用when/where（作从句的状语。）试比较：Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.Ihaveneverforgottenthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.(who)

2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.(who)

3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.(where)

4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.(who)

5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.(where)

6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.(which)

7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.(who)

8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.(which)

9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.(which)

10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.(who)（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.一、单项填空

1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

3.Theforeigner(外国人)_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom

4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyonce(曾经)lived.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

13.Thisisthehouse______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.

A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom

19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.

A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever

21.Astorygoes__ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

22.TheParkersboughtanew