初二下册英语人教版知识点总结

初二下册英语人教版知识点总结初二下册英语人教版知识点总结初二下册英语人教版知识1Unit1what'sthematter?It’s+形容词+forsb.+todosth.做某事对某人来说是…的。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It’simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It’seasytodosth.做某事是容易的。It’seasyforustofindouttheanswer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该."。should(应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。egIhaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厉害。---Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你应该躺下，多喝水。maybe与maybe(1)maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybehecananswerthequestion.也许他能回答那个问题。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.他可能也来自美国。(2)maybe中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：HemaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也来自美国。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。few、afew、little、alittle的区别和联系：few/afew用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有;afew表示肯定意义，有几个。例如：Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。little/alittle用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有;alittle表示肯定意义，有一点儿。例如：Thereislittleinkinmybottle.Canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗?not…until直到…(否定句)才.，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。Shedidn’tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.=Hedidn’tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup....until/till直到.(肯定句)动词为延续性动词Westayedheretill/until12o’clock.初二下册英语人教版知识2Unit2I'llhelpcleanthecityparks.动词小结常见动词短语结构有下面几种：动词+副词如：giveup放弃;turnoff关掉;stayup熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。动词+介词如：listenof听;lookat看;belongto属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。each每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of连用every每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of连用helpsb.(to)do帮助某人做某事helphim(to)studyhelpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo帮助做某事helpstudyspend...doing.花费…做…IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend…onsth.花费…在…Ispent3yearsonEnglish.join参加(指参加团体、组织)如：jointheParty入党takepartin参加(指参加活动)如：takepartinsportsmeeting参加运动会runout与runoutofHismoneysoonranout.他的钱很快就花光了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。(2)runoutof主语为人，表示主动含义。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如：Thepetrolisrunningout.汽油快用完了=Wearerunningoutofpetrol.Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime.workout(1)结局，结果为Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.他提出的这个策略效果很好。(2)算出，制订出，消耗完(精力等)Heneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。Heworkedoutaplan.他制订了一个计划。Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。hangout闲荡闲逛Iliketohangoutatmallwithmyfriends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。beabletodo能，会beunabletodo不能，不会forsure确实如此，毫无疑问Youdon’thavemoney.That’sforsure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。fill…with…使…充满…用…填充…Shefilledthebowlwithwater.她用水填满碗。handout分发handoutbananasgiveout分发giveoutsthtosb.分….给某人giveupdoing放弃…giveupsmoking放弃吸烟giveaway赠送捐赠giveawaymoneytokidsgivesb.sth.给某人某东西givememoney给我钱givesth.tosb.给某人某东西givemoneytome给我线helpsb.out帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)Ican’tworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。trainn.火车v.训练trainsb.todo.训练某人做某事Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.她训练她的狗去取东西。atonce==rightaway立刻马上如：Doitatonce.马上去做。I’llgothereatonce/rightaway.我马上去那里。oneday有一天(指将来/过去)someday有一天(指将来)如：OnedayIwenttoBeijing.有一天我去了北京。SomedayI’llgotoBeijing.有一天我将去北京。初二下册英语人教版知识3Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?关于to的短语havetodosth.不得不/必须做某事needtodosth.需要做某事hatetodosth.讨厌做某事liketodosth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想做某事lovetodosth.热爱做某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事starttodosth.开始做某事begintodosth.开始做某事asksbtodosth.请某人做某事---Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?---Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.---CouldIpleaseusethecar?---Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./No,youcan't.Ihavetogoout.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can,could之外，还可以用may，的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?作允答可以各种各样：如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse.(youmay/can).或That'sOK/allright.如果不同意，可以说I'msorryyoucan't.或I'mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免说No,youcan't.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。初二下册英语人教版知识4Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?get(1)买getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.为某人买某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?=Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到，到达Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使，让，get+宾语+宾补使某人/某物怎么样Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得…...Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?howabout/whatabout后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向对方征求意见或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)询问天气或身体情况HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)谈话中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.a6-year-oldchild一个六岁的孩子6-year-old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典too...to…太……而不能……too后跟形容词或副词原形,to后跟动词原形,构成不定式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsb。Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(军队).他年纪太小，不能去参军。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too...to…可以与enoughto和so…that…转换.Sheistooyoungtodothework.=Sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.=Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.pay,spend,cost,take的区别(1)pay花费(多少钱),主语是人。sb.paysomemoneyforsth.sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2个小时做作业。(3)cost花费(多少钱),主语是物。sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.这件夹克衫花费她200美元。(4)take花费(时间)，主语形式主语为It.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.刘红花了2个小时做作业。sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep(1)sleep动词,睡觉,强调动作。Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡觉。(2)sleeping,sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”。Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。(3)sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的。Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。(4)asleep睡着了的。TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。(5)fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间。Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。(6)beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间。Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3个小时。open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗户打开吗?(2)形容词,beopen开着的,开放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末，这个池是对公众开放的。close动词,关闭,关上,合上closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的encourage动词,鼓励,激励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。progress名词,“进步,进展”makeprogress“取得进步,取得进展”Tomisnowmakinggreatprogressatschool.汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。takeaninterestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是takenointerestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感兴趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?你对英语感兴趣吗?makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?你想和我们交朋友吗?初二下册英语人教版知识5Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?arriveat到达(小地方)arrivein到达(大地方)reach到达getto到达IarrivedinBeijinglastnight.=IreachedBeijinglastnight.=IgottoBeijinglastnight.如果宾语是副词here,there,home,要把at/in/to省略。arrivehere/there/homegethere/there/homeinfrontof…在…的前面(某一范围外的前面)inthefrontof…在…的前面(某一范围内的前面)Therearesomebigtreesinfrontoftheclassroombuilding.在教室的前面有一些大树。Ilikesittinginthefrontofthetaxi.我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。takeoff(1)起飞Whendidtheplanetakeoffyesterday?飞机什么时候起飞?(2)脱下(衣帽等)Hetookoffhiscoatassoonashewentintotheroom.他一进房间就脱掉了外套。(3)取消Theywilltakeoffthe5amtrain.他们取消了早上5点的火车。getout(of)…从……离开/出去/下来Acarstoppedandagirlgotoutofit.但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来,用getoff…follow跟随Ifollowedhimuphehill.我跟着他上了山.沿着……前进Followthisroaduntilyougettothepostoffice.顺着这条路一直到邮局.(3)听懂，理解Couldyouspeakmoreslowly?Ican’tfollowyou.你能说慢点吗?我听不(4)followsb.todosth.跟着某人做某事Pleasefollowmetoreadthestory.请跟我读这个。shoutat大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊Don’tshoutatthelittleboy.Heistooyoung.不要对他大叫，他还太小。shoutto大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊Weshouldshouttohim,orhecan’thearus.我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。happen发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生(1)happentodosth.碰巧做某事Ihappenedtomeetoneofmyoldfriendsintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。(2)sthhappenstosb.某人发生了某事Ancaraccidenthappenedtohimlastmonth.上个月他发生了交通事故.takeplace发生(1)按计划进行或按计划发生GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainrecentyears.最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.(2)(运动/活动/会议等)举行ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.运动会将于下星期五举行。taketheplaceof代替,取代Plasticscansometimestaketheplaceofwoodandmetal.塑料有时能代替木材和金属.takeone’splace坐某人的位置,代替某人的职务Cometotakemyplace.myseatisnearthewindow.来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。anywhere任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中.Didyougoanywherelastnight?你昨天还去了别的地方了吗?somewhere某个地方，用于肯定句。Ican’tfindmypenthoughIlookedforiteverywhere.尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。silence名词,寂静/无声There’snothingbutsilenceintheroom.屋内寂静无声。Keepinsilence.保持沉默.silent形容词,沉默的,寂静的Theoldhousewasquitesilent.这所老房子寂静无声。Thecatmovedonsilentfeet.那只猫无声地走动着。hear听到Canyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?你听到有人敲门了吗?(1)hearof听说,后接表示人或物的词Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前从来没有听说过他。(2)hearabout听说,后接表示事件的名词I’vejustheardabouthisillness.我刚刚听说他生病的事。Haveyouheardabouttheaccident?你听说了那场事故吗?(3)hearfrom收到某人的来信IheardfrommydaughterinNewYorkyesterday.我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语。……是……中最……的……之一、ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。XiamenisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。experience(1)名词,不可数名词;经历,体验,可数名词Haveyouhadanyexperienceoffishing?你有钓鱼的经验吗?CouldyoutellusaboutyourexperiencesinAfrica?你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?(2)动词经历,感觉Thechildrenexperiencedmanydifficultiesthistime.这次孩子们经历了许多困难.experienced形容词有经验的beexperiencedin/atdoingsth.=havemuchexperiencein/atdoingsth.做某事很有经Sheisanexperiencedteacher.他是一个经验丰富的教师。Heisveryexperiencedin/atrepairingcars.他修车很有经验。as…as…和……一样…两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。Heworksascarefullyasshe.他和她一样工作认真。Sheisastallashermother.她和母亲一样高。notas…as…不如某人/某物…Heisn’tas/sooldashelooks.他不像看起来那么老。Shedoesn’trunas/sofastasherbrother.她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime=enjoyoneself玩得开心，过得愉快Didyouhavefunattheparty?昨天在派对上玩的开心吗?=Didyouhaveagood/great/wonderfultime?=Didyouenjoyyourself?havefundoingsth.开心做某事I’mjusthavingfunplayingtheguitar.我正开心的弹吉他呢。acc