DB43-T 2300-2022南高丛蓝莓苗木繁殖技术规程

ICS65.020

CCSB61

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2300—2022

南高丛蓝莓苗木繁殖技术规程

Codeofpracticeforseedlingpropagation

ofSouthernHighbushBlueberry

2022-03-02发布2022-05-02实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2300—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4嫩枝扦插···············································································································1

5组培快繁···············································································································3

6炼苗·····················································································································4

7移植·····················································································································4

8容器苗管理············································································································4

9苗木分级与出圃······································································································5

10苗木包装和运输····································································································5

11苗木抽样检测········································································································5

12苗圃技术档案········································································································5

附录A（规范性）常见有害生物防治·············································································6

I

DB43/T2300—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利，本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省林业局提出。

本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南省植物园、耒阳星雨农业发展有限公司、张家界立功旅游农业发展有限公司、

怀化恒祺农业发展股份有限公司、长沙智博生物科技股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：禹霖、吴思政、李建挥、柏文富、聂东伶、熊颖、严佳文、李柏海、曾志新、

罗雨秋、许玉泉、冯建国、李罗生。

III

DB43/T2300—2022

南高丛蓝莓苗木繁殖技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了南高丛蓝莓苗木繁殖的嫩枝扦插、组培快繁、炼苗、移植、容器苗管理、苗木分级与

出圃等技术要求。

本文件适用于南高丛蓝莓的育苗。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

GB/T6001育苗技术规程

LY/T1000容器育苗技术

LY/T2289林木种苗生产经营档案

LY/T2290林木种苗标签

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

南高丛蓝莓SouthernHighbushBlueberry

南高丛蓝莓是由北高丛蓝莓和美国南方地区野生的越桔进行杂交、驯化而成。性喜湿润、温暖的气

候条件,适宜在亚热带地区栽植。较北高丛蓝莓,该品种群果实较大,鲜食口感好,是农业生产上重要

的栽培品种。主要品种有夏普蓝、海滨、薄雾、奥尼尔等。

3.2

嫩枝扦插softwoodcutting

利用半木质化的枝条进行扦插。

4嫩枝扦插

4.1圃地准备

选择交通便利、排灌条件良好、地势平坦、背风向阳的地块，用遮光率约为60％的遮阳网在圃地

上方搭建高1.8m～2m的双层遮阳网。

4.1.1插床

插床四周用砖或水泥块砌成，宽100cm～120cm，高20cm～25cm，长度因地制宜。床底高于或

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DB43/T2300—2022

平于地面，扦插基质厚度为15cm～20cm。

4.1.2扦插基质

黄心土与珍珠岩体积比1︰1混合。

4.1.3育苗容器

口径13cm，深度为15cm无纺布营养袋。

4.2扦插时间

6月下旬至7月上旬为宜。

4.3插穗来源

蓝莓采穗圃中无病虫害的南高丛蓝莓母树。

4.4插前处理

4.4.1插床消毒

扦插前3d～5d，用0.3％～0.5％高锰酸钾溶液或50％多菌灵800倍～1000倍液对床面进行喷洒

消毒杀菌，闷床2d～3d。

4.4.2插穗剪取

从当年生枝条的中下部剪取粗度0.3cm～0.6cm、长度为8cm～12cm的插穗，插穗上端保持叶

片2片到4片。插穗上切口距芽上1cm左右平切，下切口距芽下0.5cm～1cm斜切，随剪随插。

4.4.3插穗处理

插穗基部1cm～3cm在1200mg/L的NAA（萘乙酸）溶液中浸泡60s。

4.5扦插

扦插前将基质浇透水，扦插深度3cm～5cm，扦插株距为3cm～5cm，行距为4cm～6cm，直插。

4.6插后管理

4.6.1搭建拱棚

插后浇透水，搭建塑料拱棚，拱高60cm～80cm。

4.6.2水分管理

60d后将薄膜两端打开通风透气，并拆掉1层遮光网。遇高温干旱及时补水，雨后及时清沟排水，

保证苗圃地无积水。

4.6.3施肥

生根30d后，选择晴天傍晚或阴天喷施1次浓度为0.3％～0.5％的尿素水溶液。

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5组培快繁

5.1外植体材料

南高丛蓝莓半木质化茎段。

5.2外植体处理

5.2.1枝条剪取

剪取南高丛蓝莓半木质化枝条，去掉上部叶片，剪成2cm～3cm长带叶芽的茎段。

5.2.2冲洗、消毒

自来水中冲洗20s～30s，用75％酒精消毒2～3s，用无菌水冲洗3次，吸干水后在0.1％升汞

中消毒5s～8s，用无菌水冲洗3次，吸干水分，立即接种到诱导培养基中。

5.3培养基配方

诱导培养基：改良WPM+ZT1.0mg/L

增殖培养基：改良WPM+IAA0.1mg/L+ZT2.0mg/L

复壮培养基：改良WPM+IBA0.1mg/L

WPM具体改良为：以硝酸钙684mg/L、硝酸钾190mg/L、EDTA铁钠73.4mg/L和盐酸硫胺素

0.1mg/L代替原WPM培养基中的硫酸钾、氯化钙、硫酸亚铁和乙二胺四乙酸钠。

5.4诱导培养

将处理好的茎段立即接种到诱导培养基中，在温度为25℃，光照强度为2000lx，光照为12h/d～

16h/d条件下培养30d。

5.5增殖培养

将诱导培养获得的苗剪成1.5cm～2cm长茎段转接到增殖培养基中，在温度为25℃，光照强度

为2000lx，光照为12h/d～16h/d条件下培养30d。

5.6复壮培养

将培养得到的苗剪成1cm～1.5cm茎段，转接到壮苗培养基，复壮培养30d～40d，复壮苗高5cm～

6cm。

5.7瓶外生根培养

5.7.1生根苗床准备

经过挑选，剔除了粗硬部分后，经过挑选的细柔苔藓作为苗床基质，厚度5cm～7cm。

5.7.2扦插生根培养

将瓶中的复壮苗取出，用800倍多菌灵液中洗净基部附着的培养基，剪成2cm左右茎段，用镊子

扦插到准备好的苗床中，株行距2.5cm～3cm，培养50d～60d。

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DB43/T2300—2022

5.7.3插后管理

插后管理同4.6。

6炼苗

10月下旬揭开遮阳网，炼苗，但遇干旱，需及时补充水分。

7移植

7.1容器苗圃地准备

苗床宽100cm～120cm，长度因地制宜。两床之间设一条宽20cm～30cm、深10cm～20cm排水

沟兼步道。圃地四周设宽30cm～40cm、深20cm～30cm环通排水明沟，地面覆盖园艺地布。

7.2移植基质

泥炭土或腐殖土与黄心土1︰1混合，调节pH至4.5～6.0。

7.3移植时间

11月上中旬至次年2月下旬。

7.4移植方法

7.4.1取苗

用竹签将苗轻轻挑起，放入容器中。保留根系上所带泥土，随取随栽。

7.4.2栽植

栽培基质盛入营养袋中1/2后，将幼苗带土放入袋中，继续添加移植基质，轻提苗，做到苗正，根

系舒展，栽植后及时浇透水。

8容器苗管理

8.1除草

及时拔除营养袋中的杂草。

8.2水分管理

根据天气情况适时浇水。夏季晴天，每天早上或傍晚浇水1次。

幼苗生长初期，宜小水勤浇，保持基质湿润；生长后期（夏末秋初），控制浇水；如遇降雨，及时

排水。

8.3施肥

容器苗萌动后，每株浇施0.3％～0.5％的尿素水溶肥1次，4月份开始，每个月选择阴雨天每株施

0.3％～0.5％复合肥（N︰P2O5︰K2O=15︰15︰15，总养分︰≥45％），7月～8月停止施肥。

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8.4常见有害生物防治

见附录A。

9苗木分级与出圃

9.1苗木出圃

按照GB/T6001要求执行。

9.2苗木分级

苗木分级见表1、2。

表1扦插苗木分级

苗木等级分枝（个）苗高（cm）地径（cm）综合指标

一级苗≥3个分支≥40≥0.7生长良好

二级苗2～330～390.5～0.7生长良好

表2组培苗木分级

苗木等级分枝（个）苗高（cm）地径（cm）综合指标

一级苗≥3个分支≥40≥0.5生长良好

二级苗2～330～390.3～0.4生长良好

10苗木包装和运输

按照GB/T6001要求执行。

11苗木抽样检测

按照GB6000要求执行。

12苗圃技术档案

建立技术档案，实行专人负责，做到准确及时填写归档，长期保存。执行LY/T1000、LY/T2289、

要求，建立档案。

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DB43/T2300—2022

附录A

（规范性）

常见有害生物防治

有害生物名称危害部位防治方法

清除枯枝烂叶和杂草，以减小次年螨源。早春展叶后喷施三氯杀螨醇800倍或1.8％阿

红蜘蛛叶片

维菌素乳油4000倍液。

冬季或早春清除枝干及树皮上火土中的虫茧，危害期及时摘除卵块和虫叶，喷施2.5％

刺蛾类叶片

溴氰菊酯1000倍液。

及时清除树上和地上的烂果。糖醋液诱杀：用红糖、醋、白酒、清水1∶2∶2∶4配成诱

虫蝇果饵，装于小矿泉水瓶中，在矿泉水瓶开两个1cm打的孔，瓶口盖严。挂于健壮的枝条上，

高于地面30cm，每亩挂30瓶。

鸟类果实超声波驱鸟器驱赶鸟

6

DB43/T2300—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4嫩枝扦插···············································································································1

5组培快繁···············································································································3

6炼苗·····················································································································4

7移植·····················································································································4

8容器苗管理············································································································4

9苗木分级与出圃······································································································5

10苗木包装和运输····································································································5

11苗木抽样检测········································································································5

12苗圃技术档案········································································································5

附录A（规范性）常见有害生物防治·············································································6

I

DB43/T2300—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利，本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省林业局提出。

本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术