上海市2019届长宁区高考英语二模试卷及答案

第页2018学年第二学期高三英语(满分140分)I. ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Teacherandstudent. B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Managerandsecretary. D.Customerandshopassistant2. A.Inamuseum. B,Inataxi. C.Onabus. D.Onabridge.3. A.Getintothecar. B.Carrythebags.C.Hurrytodrivethecar. D.Searchforthebags.4. A.Readingnewspapers. B.Writinguplocalnews.C.Talkingaboutsports. D.Puttingupadvertisements.5. A.Shewillhavecoffeeatschool. B. Shewillstayforbreakfast.C.Shelovestograbacoffeeontheway. D. Sheneedstoeatbeforeschool.6. A.Hepartlyagreeswiththewoman. B. He’smissedahimportantpoint.C.Heconsidersthewomancompetitive. D. He*swhollybeenlostinacolorfullife.7. A.Marymustbecaughtinheavytraffic. B.Maryprobablywillnotcome.C.ThewomanwasobviouslynotfondofMary. D. ThewomanforgottotellMarytocome.8. A.Thetennisgamewon'tlastlong. B. Weatherforecastsarenotreliable.C.Theycouldsticktotheirplan. D.They’dbetterchangetheirmind.9. A.Staytilltomorrowevening. B.LeaveforBeijingwithJack.C.Gototheairportafterwork. D.Asksomeoneelseforhelp.10. A.Themandoesn'tlikehisnewsuit. B. Thenewsuitisareminderfortheman.C.Thenewsuitdoesn’tfittheman. D. Themanforgetstowearhisnewsuit.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.EducatorsfromSouthAfrica.B.TeenagersfondofcookingC.Studentseagertomakefriends.D.Photographersaroundtheworld12. A.Brainstormingideasinone'sgroupfirst. B.AvoidingusingcookingoilC.SendingasampledishbeforeMay.D.Creatingone’sowndish13. A.Toannounceacookcompetition. B.TostartacookfestivaloncampusC.Toadvertisealocalcookcourse.D.ToorganizeacookshowinSouthAfricaQuestions14through17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Guitaristsarevitaltoapopgroup. B.Guitartutorsaren'tdifficulttofind.C.Guitarplayershavemorechancestotravel.D.Beginnersdon'tmakenoisewiththeguitar.15. A.About60years.B.About500years.C.About1000years.D.About2000years.16. A.Indiansplayedthelutewithabow. B. TheguitaroriginatedinSpain.C.ThesitartookrootinBritishmusic. D. TheBeatlesreliedalotonthebrass.17. A.Reasonsforthepopularityoftheguitar. B. Someinterestingfactsabouttheguitar.C.Variouskindsofguitarsintheworld. D. Storiesofsomefamousguitarplayers.Questions18through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.18. A.ItsellsthingsfromancientEgypt. B. ItlookslikeanEgyptiangiant.C.Itbringsafeelofadifferentworld. D. Itoffersawiderangeofcheeses.19. A.Producedbythedepartmentstoreitself. B. Suppliedbyanearbysmalltown.C.Collectedfromtheoutsideofthebuilding. D. Obtainedfromthenumerouslightbulbs.20. A.Customersspend£1.5millionorsoperday. B. Around30,000customerscomeperday.C.Thereisabigincreaseincustomersandsales.D.Customerflowandsalesarequiteunsteady.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections: Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ToanysoldierIservedasasecondlieutenant(少尉）inawarthirtyyearsago.Marriedforonlyayearandahalf,Imissedmywifeandbabydaughteralot.IntheyearsbeforecellphonesandWi-Fi,wehadlimitedopportunities(21)________(communicate)withlovedones.Onenightwhilesittingbymyself，Iinvestigatedthe“AnySoldier”mailbox,acardboardboxwithlettersandpackagesfromAmericans.Ichoseoneshoebox-sizepackage.InsideIfoundabout20greetingcards(22)________children.Atthebottomwasaletterwrittenbytheirteacher(23)________(explain)howherkidshadputtheboxtogetherandhowtheysupportedoureffortsinthewar.Trulytouchedatthatmomentbythisgesture,Idecidedtowritealetterofgratitude.Ithankedtheteacherfor(24)_________herchildrenhaddone—itsimpactonmypatriotism,mymorale,and,(25)________(significantly),myupliftedfaith.Forsecurityreasons,Iwasabletosignonlymyname.Around2013,IreceivedaFacebookfriendrequestfromawomanwith(26)________Irepliedthat(27)________wewerefriends,Icouldnotacceptherrequest.“AreyouSecondLieutenantBartholomew?”IrepliedthatIhadbeenatonetime.“Dearsir,”shewrote.“Wehavenevermet,butthirtyyearsagoIwasasecond-gradeteacherataschoolinOhioandourclassroomsentacarepackage(28)________(address)to‘AnyServiceMember.’Thethank-youletteryoucomposedwasframedandit(29)________(post)onthewalloftheschoolformorethan20years.IwantedtoagainthankyouforyourservicetoourcountryWeneverspokeagain,butthisgraciousteacherstrengthenedmybeliefindoingwhatmymotheralwaystaughtme:Writethank-younotes—(30)________neverknowhowmanypeopleyourkindnesscantouch.SectionBDirections: Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accounted B.commonly C.defined D.determine E.eliminationF.emergencyG.infectious H.potential I.previously J.suspected K.symptomsMeasles(麻疹)breaksoutintheNorthwestTheU.S.isexperiencingoutbreaksofmeasles,adiseaseithaddeclaredeliminatedyearsago,largelyduetoadropin (接种疫苗}ratesinsomecommunities.AnoutbreakinWashingtonstatehassickened23peoplethismonth,mostlychildrenunder10.LocalhealthofficialsinClarkCounty,declaredapublic-health____31____onFriday.Theyalsourgedresidentstotrack____32symptomsandcallaheadbeforeheadingtomedicalcenters.Stateofficialsannouncedthe____33____ofmeaslesfromtheU.S.in2000,thankstoawidespreadvaccinationprogram.Buttravelersenteringthecountrywithmeasles,aswellasdroppingvaccinationratesinsomestatesinrecentyears,hasledtoariseininfection.Lastyear,therewereatotalof17outbreaks,____34____asthreeormorecaseslinkedtogether,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.NewYorkandNewJersey___35_____forroughlyhalfofthe2018cases.TheClarkCountyoutbreakbeganearlylastweekwiththreeconfirmedcasesandhassincegrownto23confirmedandtwomore____36____.Ofthosecases,20wereunvaccinatedandtheothersarcunconfirmed.Measlesishighly____37____;thevimsspreadsthroughtheairbycoughingorsneezing,theCDCsays.Early____38____includeahighfever,cough,runnynoseandred,wateryeyes,followedbytiny,whitespotsinsidethemouthandthered,bumpyrash(疹子)thatpeople_____39___associatewiththeinfection.Childrenyoungerthan5oradultsolderthan20arcmorelikelytosufferfromcomplications,accordingtotheCDC.Inordertopreventthefurtherspreadoftheoutbreak,localhealthofficialsarepostingtimesandplaceswhereresidentsmayhavebeenexposed.Theyarcurgingresidentswhohaven’tbeenvaccinatedto____40____whethertheyhavebeenexposedandtotakeappropriateaction.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA Directions: ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontest.Keepingitinthefamily“Youunderstandgrandmotherwhenshetalkstoyou,don’tyou,darling?”Thegirlnods.Imether,herJapanesemotherandEnglishfatheronaplanetoJapan.Theparentswereeagerto____41____theirexperienceofbringinguptheirdaughterbilingually(使用双语地)inLondon.Itisn’teasy:ThehusbanddoesnotspeakJapanese,sothechildhearsthelanguageonlyfromhermother,whohascometo____42____thatthegirlwillreplyinEnglish.Thiscanbepainful.Notsharingyourfirstlanguagewithlovedonesishard.Notpassingitontoyourownchildcanbeespeciallytough.Manyimmigrantparentsfeelasenseof____43____.Childrenlearnlanguageseasily,butthisdoesn'tmeanthat___44_____exposureisenough.Theymusthearalanguagequiteabittounderstandit—anduseitoftentobeabletospeakitcomfortably.Thisismentalwork,andachildwhodoesn'thaveanintentiontospeakalanguagewilloftenavoidit.Solanguagesoftendiewhenparentsmoveabroad.Inthepast,governmentsdiscouragedimmigrantfamiliesfromkeepingtheirlanguages.Thesedays,officialstendtobe______45__;someevenseeavaluableresourceinimmigrants’languageabilities.Yetmanyfactorsensurethatchildrenstilllosetheirparents'languages,orneverlearnthem.Abigoneisinstitutional____46____.Achild’stimespentwithasecondlanguageistimenotspentontheirfirst.Soteachersoftendiscourageparentsfromspeakingtheirlanguagestotheirchildren.Parentsoften______47__obey,worriedabouttheirchildren’seducation.Thisisa(n)____48____,forchildrenreallycanmastertwolanguagesorevenmore.Researchdoesindeedsuggesttheirvocabularyineachlanguagemaybesomewhatsmallerforawhile,butotherstudieshintatintellectualadvantagesamongbilinguals.Theymaybemoreskillfulatcomplextasks,betteratmaintainingattention.Evenwithoutthosesideeffects,____49____,abilingualchild'sconnectiontoanothercultureisagoodthinginitself.Howto____50____?Whenbothparentssharethenativelanguage,thestrategyisoftentospeakthatathome,andthenationallanguageoutside.Butwhentheyhave____51____languages,perhapsthemostcommonapproachis“oneparent,onelanguage”.FrancoisGrosjean,alanguageexpertfromSwitzerland,____52____thenecessity.Herecommendsreservingoccasionsonwhichtheonlylanguagethatmaybespokenistheonethatneeds____53____.SabineLittle,alanguageexpertattheUniversityofSheffield,putstheemphasiselsewhere.Makingthenativelanguageyetanothertask___54_____byparentscanleadtorejection,sheargues.Sherecommendslettingthechildformtheirown____55____connectiontothelanguage,forlanguagesarenotjustanotherthingtobedrilledintoayoungmind,butamatteroftheheart.41. A.conceal B.publicize C.discuss D. imagine42. A.accept B.argue C.decide D. ensure43. A.excitement B.inferiority C.failure D. injustice44. A.momentary B.maximum C.repeated D. continued45. Alessstimulated B.lesscontrolling C.morerelieved D.morediscouraging46. A.engagement B.feature C.prejudice D. pressure47. A.cheerfully B.faithfully C.immediately D. reluctantly48. A.instance B.shame C.ambition D. suggestion49.A.though B.hence C.besides D.otherwise50.A.keepitup B.carryiton C.figureitout D.bringitabout51.A.multiple B.different C.foreign D.target52.A.removes B.challenges C.emphasizes D.ignores53.A.performed B.imposed C.shared D.recommended54.A.skillful B.powerful C.apparent D.emotionalSectionBDirections: Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers'questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn'tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride,1tookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel'sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefullyshehadn’tpickedupthephone.56. By“Mystomachwasinknots”,(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas________.A. sickofridingonabumpybus B.nervousofmeetingstrangersC. upsetaboutthesuddenchange D.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan57. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A. Courageousbutdisrespectful. B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C. Warmheartedandtrustworthy. D.Homelessbutlighthearted.58.Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat________.A.shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswim.C.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride59.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravellingalone.D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.60.Alexwantstoknowhowto___________. A. avoiduncertaintermsinwritingB.usetensesproperlyinonesentencesC. improvegrammaticalskillsD.focusonclearandshortsentences61.DianaremindsRajivthathewillbeseverelycriticizedfor________.A. tendingtoholdgenderprejudiceB.breakingthelawusingMr.MentitlesC.notcharacterizingenoughprofessionsD.notrunningaprojectrelatedtoeducation62. WhichofthefollowingquestionsisnotsupposedtobeaskedifyouemailDiana?A.Isthereagoodmarketfortraditionalpoemsthesedays?B. Canyoupossiblyevaluatemyrecentlywrittennovelenclosed?C. WherecanIgetsomeinstructivebooksonwritingformyson?D. HowcanIwriteanappropriateacknowledgementformybook?(C)Studiesshowthatolderpeopletendtorememberthepositivethingsinliferatherthanthenegativethings,whileyoungerpeoplerememberthepositiveandnegativeequallywell.Thedominantpsychologicaltheorytoexplainthisisthatolderpeopleareawareoftheirlimitedtimeleft,sotheyprioritizepositiveemotionalexperiences.Butaboutadecadeago,IworkedwithbiologistRobertTriversonhisideathattherewasanevolutionarybasisforolderpeople'sincreasedpositiveoutlook.Ourresearchtookusinthefascinatingdirectionofexploringhowthebodyusesitsenergy.Whenourancestorsneededmoreenergythanusual,perhapswhilebeingchasedbyatiger,theyhadtogetthatenergyfromsomewhereinthebody.Couldtheyborrowitfromthebrain?Thatorganuses20percentofourmemetabolic(新陈代谢）output，whetherwearesolvingmathproblemsorwatchingtelevisionreruns.Duetothisconstantenergyrequirement,borrowingenergyfromthebrainwhenourneedsurpassestheavailablesupplyisnotanoption.Perhapswecouldborrowenergyfromourmuscles.Becauseweusefarmoremuscleenergywhenweareactivethanwhenatrest,inprinciple,wecouldborrowenergywhenwearesitting.Buttheproblemisthatmostoftheenergy-demandingemergenciesofourancestorsrequiredamuscularresponse.Therewasnowaytoborrowenergyfromourmusclesduringanemergencybecauserelaxingwhenatigershowedupwasnotaneffectiveresponse.Thisbringsustoourimmunesystem,which,whenstrong,protectsusfrommanyillnessesanddiseases.Likethebrain,theimmunesystemworksatgreatmetaboliccost,butlargelyintheserviceofkeepingushealthyinthefuture.Wehaveanenormousnumberofimmunecellscoursingthroughourbody,amomentarybreakfromproductionisfine.So,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,oneoftheplacesitgoesisourimmunefunction.Whenyou’rebeingchasedbyatiger,youdon'tneedtowasteenergymakingimmunecellstofightofftomorrow'scold.Whatyouneedistoshiftallavailableenergyresourcestoyourlegs,withthehopethatyouwilllivetoexperienceanothercoughorsneeze.Asaresult,ourimmunesystemevolvedtoruninmaximumamountswhenwe*rehappy,buttoslowdowndramaticallywhenwe’renot.Withthisbackgroundinmind,Triverssupposedthatolderpeopleevolvedastrategyofturningthisrelationshiponitshead,becomingmorefocusedonthepositivethingsinlifeinanefforttoenhancetheirimmunefunctioning.Thiswashelpedalongbytheirknowingmuchmoreabouttheworldthanyoungeradults,sotheycandealwithsomeoftheunpleasantthingsinlifemoreeasily.63. AccordingtoRobertTrivers,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,_________.A.muscleswillrespondtoitbyrelaxingalittlebitB. organswillspeedupmetabolicprocessestoansweritC. immunesystemwilltemporarilyshutdowntofulfillitD. brainwillsatisfyitbysharingoptionalmetabolicoutput64. Inparagraph3“thisrelationship”mostprobablyreferstotheonebetween_________.A.experiencesandrelatedknowledge B.happinessandC.immunefunctionandhealth D.optimismand65. WhatcanbeconcludedfromRobertTrivers’study?A. Youngerpeopleadoptstrategiesofhandlingtensesituationsfromeverydaylife.B. Ourancestorsevolvedtheirimmunesystemsinfightingagainstfierceanimals.C. Realizingthattheirdaysarenumbered,olderpeoplepreferbeingpositive.D. Beingnegativedrainsenergyfromourbody,loweringresistancetodisease.66. Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Brain,musclesandimmunesystem B.Age,healthandhappinessC.Ancestors,emergencyandevolution D.Energy,effortandresponseSectionCDirections: Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A. .However,EVAsdon’tjusthappeninemptyspace.B. Itstickstoeverything,eventuallycausingjointsandsealstofail.C. Spacesuitsalsohavetomaintainidealairpressureduringaspacewalk.D. Unfortunately,mostpeoplehavenoideaaboutspaceexplorationorspacesuits.E. Withouttheabilitytoworkinspace,weareunabletokeepourspaceprogramsfunctional.F. ThereareafewthingsthatmustbetakenintoaccounttomakeanEVAbothsafeandeffective.Spacewalk!Mostpeopledon'tknowthattheanniversaryofanimportanteventinspaceexplorationoccurredlastmonth.OnMarch18,1965,spacemanAIeksiLeonovbecamethefirsthumantocompleteanExtraVehicularActivity(EVA)orspacewalk.Itmarkedthefirsttimethatahumanwasabletoleaveaspacecraftandoperateintheemptinessofspace.Itisadangerousprocedure,butonethatisvitalforthesuccessofmannedspacemissions.________67______Inspace,aspacesuitmustprotectpeoplefromextremecoldandheat,provideairtobreathe,andremoveextracarbondioxide._______68_______Toomuchofit,andthespacesuitbecomesfirmanddifficulttomovein.Toolittleofit,andastronautscanbecomedangerouslysickafterreturningtotheirspacecraft.Astronautsnowperformcomplexjobsintheemptinessofspaceinmodernspacesuits.TheyhaveloggedmanyhoursrepairingandupgradingequipmentonsatellitesduringEVAs.________69______.OnJuly20th,1969,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsetfootonthemoonforthefirsttime.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoon,butthereisgravity—about17percentofEarth’s,whichmeansNeilneededaspecialsuitforwalkingonthemoon'ssurface.Suitsforthemoonareequippedforexploration'bootsfarfromanyvehicles,includingtoughbootsthatcanresistcutsfromtheroughsurfacewhilewalking.Butsharprocksweren’ttheonlydangertoastronauts.Themoonsurfaceiscoveredwithafineandflour-likedustwhichconsistsofsmallparticles(颗粒)leftoverfromthenumerousmeteorite(陨石)strikesonthemoon.______70________Whenastronautswouldleavethemoon'sgravity,thedustontheirsuitsbeganfloatingallover.Itgotintodelicateequipmentinsidethespacecraftandtheastronaut'seyesandlungs.Asdifferentspaceagenciesplanforreturningpeopletothemoon,newEVAsuitdesignswillhavetotakesomethingelseintoaccount.Keepingastronautssafealsomeanskeepingtheirsuitsclean.IV. SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HoldingParentsResponsible—AnUnfairPunishmentTheriseinteencrimesuggeststhatsomeparentsarefailingattheirparentaltasks.Tocorrecttheproblem,lawmakersinsomestatesrequireparentstoservejailtime.Theyhopethatthispunishmentwillmotivateparentstotaketheirresponsibilitiesseriously.Despitepublicsupportforparentalresponsibilitylaws,manypeoplethinkthatthelawsareunfair.Theysuggestthatparentsshouldnotbepunishedforthecriminalactsoftheirchildren,unlessitcanbeshownthereisarelatedfaultontheparents’part.Forexample,ifyoungteenagersarearrestedfordrinkingalcoholsuppliedbyparents,thenparentsshouldbeheldresponsiblebecausetheyhelpedtheteenagersbreakthelaw.Peoplewhoopposeparentalresponsibilitylawsalsobelievethatpunishingparentsisunlikelytocreateachangeinthekids’behavior.Thesepeoplearguethatparentsmaynotbeatfault.Thechildrenofgoodparentscanfallinwiththewrongkidsandgetintotrouble,theysay.Worseyet,ifmomisinjail,theremaybenooneatalltocontrolherkid.Thatlackofcontrolmaythenl