2024届湖南省张家界市高三下学期二模考试英语试题和答案

绝密★启用前2024年普通高校招生统一考试湖南3月高三联考卷英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whowantstobuyacar?A.Thewoman.B.Theman.C.Theman’ssister.2.Whatistheman?A.Asalesman.B.Amechanic.C.Adriver.3.WhowontheJongjump?A.Jack.B.Michael.C.Sam.4.Whenwilltheyhavedinner?A.Whenthesonfinisheshishomework.B.Afterthefathercomesback.C.Afterthemothercooksthedinner.5.HowlonghasthismanlearnedSpanish?A.Threemonths.B.Fourmonths.C.Sixmonths.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下而5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Wherearethetwospeakersrightnow?A.Onthestreet.B.Inthemuseum.C.Inaconvenientstore.7.Whichbuswillthewomanprobablytake?A.702.B.709.C.907.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Gotowatchamovie.C.Invitethewomanfordinner.9.Whenwilltheymeetthedayaftertomorrow?A.About6:00.B.About7:30.C.Aboutr6:30.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?AThetraffic.B.Tony'sreturn.C.Theholiday.11.Howisthetrafficrecently?A.Verybad.B.Prettygood.C.Justsoso.12.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutTony'sdriving?A.Unsettled.B.Anxious.C.Confident.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whydoesthemancomplainaboutthehotel?A.Thepriceistoohigh.B.Theroomistoonoisy.C.Thereisnoroomleft.14.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Changearoom.B.Changeahotel.C.Closethewindow.15.Howlonghasthemanlivedinthishotel?A.Twodays.B.Threedays.C.Fourdays.16.Whenisthehotwateravailableintheman'sroom?ABetween7:00pmand11:00pm.B.Between8:00amand11:00pm.C.Between8:00pmand11:00pm.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.WhatcanbeGMfood?A.Plants.B.Plantsoranimals.C.Animals.18.Whohasdisagreement-aboutGMfood?A.Scientistsandfarmers.B.Farmersandthegovernment.C.Scientistsandcustomers.19.WhyistherealotofdisagreementaboutGMfood?A.Itmightcausethelandtobecomesalty.B.Itmightcausesomehealthproblems.C.Itmightdestroynormalcrops.20.HowmanyadvantagesofgrowingandeatingGMfoodarcmentionedinthispassage?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分.37：5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALastyear,brilliant’botanistsfromRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,discovered,identifiedandnamed114spectacularnewspeciesofplantsandfungi(真菌)fromaroundtheworld.Let’sfindoutmoreaboutsomeofKew’smostwonderfulnewfinds.ROYALMUSHROOMNAME:Queen’shedgehogfungusFROM:Surrey,EnglandNamedafterthelateQueenElizabethII,thisrarefunguswasfoundinanancientforestinWhiteDown,Surrey.Accordingtothescientistswhodiscoveredit,thesoft,whiteneedlesunderthefungus’15cm-widecaplooklikehedgehogs’needles—givingitthesecondpartofitsname.Cool!WORLD’SSTRANGESTDAFFODILNAME:SternbergiamishustiniiFROM:TurkeyTheflowersofthisrarespeciesarebrightyellow,butthey’reonly2cmlonganddon'topenupintoavisibleflower.Just300oftheseplantshavebeendiscovered,secrettohidethemfromillegalplantcollectors.RECORD-BREAKINGWATERLILYNAME:GiantBolivianwaterlilyFROM:Bolivia.SouthAmericaCheckoutthishugewaterlily—its3mwideleavesarebigenoughforakidtofloaton!ThebigspecieshasjustwonthreeGuinnessWorldRecordsforlargestwaterlily,largestwaterlilyleafandlargestundividedleaf.Andgetthis—althoughthegiantplantwasonlynamedlastyear,adriedsamplehasbeenkeptinKew’sownHerbariumsince1845!Botanistshadthoughtitwasasimilar,relatedspecies.Thankfully,thecaseofmistakenidentityisallclearedupnow.Unbe-leaf-able!1.What’sQueen’shedgehogfunguslike?A.Ithasyellowflowers.B.It’snativetoEngland.C.Itlookslikehedgehogs.D.It’scriticallyendangered.2.WhatGuinnessrecorddoesGiantBolivianwaterlilyhold?A.Theoldestfungi.B.Thebiggestleaves.C.Thefastestgrowingplant.D.Thelargestwaterlilyspecies3.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Abotanicalmagazine.B.Ageographictextbook.C.Ahistoricaldocument.D.GuinnessWorldRecords.BGrowingupinaJamaicanAmericanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermygrandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasourgreatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife’suntimelyendings.WhenIwas8,Iwasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodinhospital.roomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone(肾上腺皮质激素)hiddeninsidemintchocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,asanadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My“I’llstartanewdietonMonday”mind-setlastedfor16yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwasworriedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011Iwassendtohospital.Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers,numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.Ihavehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.IhavecometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.4.Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor’schildhood?A.Itstrengthenedthefamilybends.B.Itwasasourceoffamilyincome.C.It’stheonlytreasurethefamilyhad.D.It’sthewaytocelebrateJamaicantradition.5.Whatmightbetheinitialreasonoftheauthor’sstrictdieting?A.Thebeautytrend.B.Hermusclediseasetreatment.C.Hermother’sexpectation.D.Anxietyabouthercareer.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherdieting?A.Itwasfruitful.B.Itwayuseless.C.Itmadeherfrightenedoffood.D.ItbroughtherandMomcloser.7.Whatattitudedoestheauthorhavetothenumbersonthescalenow?A.Uncaring.B.Deeplyskeptical.C.Dismissive.D.Particularlyconcerned.CWenormallythinkofbacteriaasourenemies.Buttheyaren’tallbad.Ourbodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan’tlivewithoutthem.Fromthemomentwe’reborn,weacquire,anddevelopaninternalecosystemofsymbioticbacteriaandothermicrobes(微生物)-theyareinterdependentplayersinourbody.Infact,thereareroughlyasmanymicrobialcellsinourbodiesashumancells.Thismicrobialworldiscalledourmicrobiome(微生物组).Whilesomemicrobescanmakeusill,weneedourmicrobiometosurvive.Combined,theyareeverybitasessentialasourheart,ourlungs,orourbrain.Mostofthemicrobiomeisfoundinourgut(肠道).Theyareessentialfordigestionandhelpregulatehormonesandboostourimmunesystem.Ahealthycollectionofmicrobesseemstobevitalforourwell-being,protectingagainstsomeofthebiggesthealththreats.Ontheotherhand,havinganunhealthymicrobiomemaybeacontributingfactorformanycommondiseases.Ourmodernlifestyles,westerndietsandoveruseofantibioticsmightallbehavingaharmfuleffectonourinternalecology.Sohowdoyoudevelopahealthymicrobiomeinthegut?Well,itseemsthatthemorediverseyourmicrobialpopulationis,thebetter.Andthebestwaytoincreaseyourdiversityistoeatawiderangeofplant-basedfoods.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohaveatleast30plant-basedelementsintheirdieteveryweekhaveawiderrangeofbacteriaintheirgut,andthat’slinkedtobetterweightmanagement,betterheartheathandbettermentalhealth.Oneeasywaytoboostyournumbersistoaddateaspoonofmixedseedstoyourbreakfast.Theinfluenceofyourgutmicrobesgoesalotfurtherthanyoumightthink.Inthelast20years,we’velearnedthattheycommunicateconstantlywiththebrain,perhapsevenhavingcontroloveryourmoodandemotions.8.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordsymbioticinthefirstparagraph?A.Coexisting.B.Beneficial.C.Special.D.Complicated.9.Whichstatementmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Plant-baseddietsmakepeoplehealthier.B.Microbiomeismoreimportantthanourbrain.C.There'ssomelinkbetweenthediversityofbacteriaandhealth.D.Theoveruseofantibioticsleadstodistinctincreaseinmicrobiome.10.Whatmightbediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Examplesofgutmicrobes.B.Gutmicrobesandmentalwelling-being.C.Interactionsofmicrobesinourbody.D.Waystoidentifybeneficialgutmicrobes.11.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Gutmicrobes:FightersinthebodyB.Themicrobiome:AcureofalldiseasesC.Gutmicrobes:ProtectorsofmentalhealthD.Themicrobiome:AcontributortoourhealthDAstudyexpandspositiveevidenceforanewscreeningtoolthatdirectlyengagespreschoolchildrenduringclinicvisitstoassesstheirearlyliteracyskills.Thetool,calledTheReadingHouse(TRH),isthefirstofitskind.Ithasthepotentialtoidentifyreadingdifficultiesasearlyaspossible,accordingtoresearchersatCincinnatiChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenter.TRHisanassessmentdevelopedbyJohnHuttonandhisteamforkidsagedfrom3to5.Screeningtakesjustaboutfiveminutesandassessesperformancelevelsforkidsagedfrom3to5.Itaddressesasignificantgapinwaystoscreenearlyliteracyskillsefficientlyanddirectly.Thetool,whichisfunforkids,couldbeusedinplaceslikeprimarycareorpreschoolsettings.Thescreeningmeasurescoreskillstypicallyappearinginthepreschoolagerange,includingvocabulary,rhyming,alphabetknowledgeandprintconcepts.Allareskillspredictiveofreadingsuccessandoftenassociatedwithreadingdifficulties.Thestudyinvolved70healthychildren–34boysand36girls---between3and5yearsoldfromvarioussocioeconomicbackground.Thechildrencompletedstandardizedtestsofimportantliteracyskills:vocabulary,rhymingaridrapidautomatizednaming.Fifty-twoofthesechildrenalsosuccessfullycompletedMRI(磁共振成像),includingthemeasurementofthegraymattersurfaceoftheirbrains.Thethickercortex(皮质),particularlyinleft-sidedareassupportinglanguageandreading,hasbeenassociatedwithhigherskillsthatarepredictiveofreadingoutcomes.Manychildrenarriveatkindergartenunpreparedtolearntoread,especiallythosefromminorityandeconomicallypoorbackgrounds---estimatedatover50%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsintheU.S.andover25%overall.“Byscreeningearlyduringclinicvisits,wecantargeteffectiveinterventionsthathelpthesechildrenbetterprepareforkindergartenandimprovereadingoutcomes–literally,snapingtheinbrainstoread.”saidHutton.12.WhatmightbethepurposeofcreatingTRH?A.Toidentifythebestreadingappsforkids.B.Todeveloppreschoolkids'literacyskills.C.Todiscoverkids'readingproblemsearly.D.Tostudykeyfactorsinkids'development.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewscreeningtool?A.Itlacksreliability.B.Ithasoperationaladvantages.C.Itcoversawidertargetgroup.D.It'smodelledafterconventionaltools.14.Whichparticipantsmaybemorecapableofreading?A.Olderchildrenfromminoritygroups.B.Youngerchildrenfromeconomicallyadvancedareas.C.Childrenwithcomplexcorticalpatternsintheirbrains.D.Childrenwiththethickercortexintheleft-sidedareasoftheirbrains.15.WhatattitudedoesHuttonhavetoTRH?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Uncertain.D.Conservative.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sobviousthatoursocietyfavorstheoutgoingpersonality,sobeingintroverted(内向的)hasalwaysbeenseenassomethingthatneedstobe“fixed”.However,thereisnofaultinbeingintroverted.____16____Introvertshavehiddenpowers.____17____.Whileothersarebusychatting,introvertsobservethingsmost-peopleareunawareof.Sometimeswecanevenreadpeople.Whileitmayseemintrovertsarealwayszonedout,we’reactuallyanalyzingandthinkingofcreativeideastoonedaysharewithyou.Introvertsalsokeeptheworldbalanced.Inaworldthatcan’tstoptalking,theabilitytolistentowhateachotherhastosayisanimportantvirtuethatwillassistusinbuildingpeacefulrelationshipsofunderstanding.____18____.Bylisteningtowhateverpeoplepourout,introvertshelpmaintaintheorderoftheworld.Introvertscanself-recharge.Thoughtheoutgoingmaygaintheirenergythroughmixingincrowds,introvertsareself-rechargingpowerhouses.____19____.Theirenergyisfoundthroughloneliness.____20____.Inthenoiseofchatterboxestheirvoicesoftengetdrownedout.There’snothingmoredisappointingtoanintrovertthanfinallytakingadvantageofamomenttospeak,onlytobeinterruptedbytheextroverts(外向者）.Whileextrovertsmayspeakeverythoughtthatcomestomind,anintrovertwillchoosetheirthoughtscarefullyandonlyspeakoftheonestheythinktheirbesttoshare.Sonexttime,allyouhavetodoistobewillingtolisten.A.Unluckily,introvertsarefacedwithabigchallenge.B.Andthisisexactlywhatourintrovertsarebornwith.C.Introvertshaveshownthepotentialtobegreatleaders.D.Extrovertedpeoplewouldhavenoonetolistentothem.E.Instead,weshouldappreciateintrovertsforvariousreasons.F.Theydon’tneedtoconstantlyputthemselvesouttheretobelively.G.Justbecauseweintrovertsdon’tsaymuchdoesn’talwaysmeanwe’reclueless.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ithadlongbeentroublingalittleboythathisdeskmatecouldrank1stintheclasseverytimewhilehefailedto:heonlyranked21st.Athome,heaskedhisMom,“Mom,amImorestupidthanothers?IfeelIamas____21____ashim,buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind?”Hearingthewords,shewent____22____.Momreallywantedtotellhersonthat____23____differs.However,wasthisinherson’sbest____24____?Thankgoodnessshedidnotopenhermouth.Thereweretimeswhenshewantedtotellhim.“YourfatherandIusedtobe____25____.Whyaren’tyoujustasclever?”Butshestoppedbecauseshefeltitwascruelto____26____himandthatsheneededabetter____27____.Timeflewswiftly.Toreducethe____28____onhersonwhowassufferingfromthe____29____ofunsatisfiedgradesandrankings,Momdecidedtotakehimtothesea.Whenlyingonthebeach,Mompointedtothe______30______andsaid,“Doyouseetheseabirdsoverthere?Whenthewavescomenear,littlebirdscanrise______31______whileitwouldtakelongerforclumsysea-gulls(笨拙的海鸥)tocompletethe______32______.However,haveyounoticedbirdsthat______33______flyacrosstheendlessoceanarenoneotherthanclumsysea-gulls?Youmightbeabit______34______,butyouwillbetheonewhowillmakeit!”The______35______speechaffectedthesonintotears.Now,thesonnolongerworriesabouthisrankings,because,withthe1stranking,heisadmittedtoatopuniversity.21.A.cleverB.determinedC.mindfulD.Hardworking22.A.wordlessB.crazyC.shyD.missing23.A.methodB.degreeC.intelligenceD.result24.A.opinionB.practiceC.interestD.case25.A.outgoingB.outstandingC.activeD.ambitious26.A.hitB.holdC.blameD.block27.A.answerB.questionC.excuseD.explanation28A.debtB.tensionC.commentD.burden29.A.painsB.tragediesC.riskD.loss30.A.backB.skyC.frontD.feet31.A.sharplyB.slightlyC.dramaticallyD.quickly32.A.assignmentB.acquisitionC.projectD.process33.A.accidentallyB.finallyC.carefullyD.patiently34.A.slowerB.swifterC.nervousD.anxious35.A.emotionalB.movingC.typicalD.continuous第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分13分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thehigh-profileChina-LaosRailwayopenedtointernationalpassengersonThursday,showinghowtheBeltandRoadInitiative（BRI）isawin-winsituation.TheD887train,____36____（depart）fromKunming,Yunnanprovince,at8:08amandarrivedatVientiane,capitalofLaos,at6:38pm.Itisthefirstinternationalcross-borderpassengertrainservicethatChinahasputintooperationsincetheCOVID-19pandemic."Theservicenotonly____37____（far）facilitatestheflowofpeopleandtradebetween:ChinaandLaos,____38____promotestherecoveryoftourismandother____39____（industry）,andbringsvitalitytothedevelopmentbetweenthesetwocountries."saidWangWenbin,spokesmanfortheMinistryofForeignAffairs,atanewsconferenceonThursday,"ItisamodelprojectofChinaandAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations（ASEAN）countriesworkingontheBRIandpromoting____40____（region）economicintegration."AccordingtoaWorldBankestimate,thegrossdomesticproductinLaoswillbeincreased____41____21percentasaresultoftheconstructionandoperationoftheChina-LaosRailway.____42____willalsocreatemorejobsforLaopeople.Thisyear____43____（mark）thetenthanniversaryoftheBRI.____44____（promote）theinitiative,ChinawillcontinuetocooperatewithASEANmembers,_____45_____（benefit）twobillionpeopleintheregion.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你的朋友George想要了解中国舞狮（LionDancc）的文化。请给George写封邮件介绍相关的内容，内容包括：1.写信的目的；2.简单介绍舞狮的形式和意义；3.邀请他来中国亲自感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearGeorge,HearingthatyouareinterestedinChineseLionDunce.I’mwritingto___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours.LiHua第二节（分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文AyoungandsuccessfulmanagerhadanewJaguar,whoseside*doorwasdented（凹陷的）.Thedamagewasverynoticeable,butthemanagerneverbotheredtorepairit.Hekeptthedenttheretoremindhimofoneafternoonaswellasthismessage：Don'tgothroughlifesofastthatsomeonehastothrowabrickatyoutogetyourattention!Themanagerwastravelingdownaneighborhoodstreet,goingabittoofastinhisnew.Jaguar.Hewaswatchingforkidsrushingoutfrombetweenparkedcarsandsloweddownwhenhethoughthesawsomething.Ashiscarpassed,nochildrenappeared.Instead,abrickcrashedintotheJag'ssidedoor!HebrakedsharplyanddrovetheJagbackwardtothespotwherethebrickhadbeenthrown.Theangrydriverthenjumpedoutofthecar,grabbedthenearestkidandpushedhimupagainstaparkedcar,shouting,“Whatwasthatallaboutandwhoareyou?”Theyoungboyapologized."Pleasemister...please,I’msorry...Ididn'tknowwhatelsetodo,"hebegged.“Ithrewthebrickbecausenooneelsewouldstop..."Withtearscorningdownhisface,thelittleboypointedtoaspotjustaroundaparkedcar.“MyelderbrotherfelloutofhiswheelchairandIcan'tlifthimup.hesaid.Stillcrying,theboyaskedtheastonishedmanager,"Wouldyoupleasehelpmegethimbackintohiswheelchair?He'shurtandhe'stooheavyforme.”Movedbeyondwords,hehurriedtothespotwiththeboy.Anotherboywaslyingonthe,groundbleeding.Hetookouthiscleanhandkerchiefandtouchedlightlyatthefreshscrapes（擦伤）andcuts.Aquicklooktoldhimthatthewoundwasserious,thedisabledmustbetakentothehospitalatonce.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Luckily,hehadafirst-aidkitinthecar.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Infifteenminutes,theyarrivedatthenearesthospital._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________