综合教程I-Unit4-Dealing-with-AIDS-课文分析课件

Unit4DealingwithAIDS

syndromeacquired

immunodeficiencyHowmuchdoyouknowaboutAIDS?Whatisthethemeofthetext?TextanalysisTextanalysisStructuralanalysisDealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendshipandencouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.Structural

analysisTextanalysisStructuralanalysisHowisthisnarrativestoryorganized?Thenarrativeisorganizedinthechronologicalorderwiththeactivitiesandeventsrelatedinthetruestory.2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)MainideaThisparagraphgivestheinstructivemessageofthestory,andmakesclearthespecificdatewhenAIDSbecameknowntothewriter.ThispartprovidesanaccountofhowthewritercametoknowthefactthathisfriendwassufferingfromAIDS,howhefelt,whatattitudeheadopted,andhowothersrespondedtoit.TextanalysisStructuralanalysis12-4Paragraph(s)MainideaThispartshowsthatthewritermaintainedapositiveattitudetowardshisfriend.ThisparagraphmentionsthespecificdatethatmarkedtheendofDavid’slife,describesthewriter’sfeelingstowardsDavid’sdeath,andtellsushowthewriterkeepshisfriend’smemoryalive.TextanalysisStructuralanalysis5-781.DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendship,encouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.BeforethesixteenthofOctober1995,Iwasthemostcarefreepersonintheworld.Ihadnoworriesandwasjustlivinglifeup.Ineverthoughtthatanythingcouldhappentomeormyfriends.Wewereinvincible.Thatis,untilthewordAIDScameintomylife.DealingwithAIDSDetailedreadingstrengthenvt.tomakesomethingstrongerormoreeffective,ortobecomestrongerormoreeffectivee.g.Thewindstrengthenedduringthenight.夜里风刮得更大了。Theyhavebeenstrengtheningtheirborderdefenseinpreparationforwar.他们已加强了边界的防守，作好了战争的准备。DetailedreadingAntonym:weaken

vi.DetailedreadingSynonym:consolidateDerivations:strength

n.strong

adj.bondn.1)acloseconnectionjoiningtwoormorepeoplee.g.Commontastesformabondbetweenthetwomen.共同的爱好使两人结为朋友。Insocietieswithstrongfamilybonds(=relationships),peopletendtolivelonger.e.g.Iinvestedsomemoneyinsavingsbonds.Weenteredintoasolemnbond.我们缔结了一份正式合约。2)anofficialpapergivenbythegovernmentoracompanytoshowthatyouhavelentthemmoneythattheywillpaybacktoyouataninterestratethatdoesnotchange债券，合约

Detailedreadingmatureadj.1)Maturepeoplebehavelikeadultsinawaythatshowstheyarewelldevelopedemotionally.e.g.Oh,growup!Behaveinamorematureway.噢，别那么不懂事了（表现得成熟些吧）！He’sverymatureforhisage.e.g.Uponmaturereflection,wefindtheaccusedguilty.Synonym:ripe2)Amaturedecisionisonewhichismadeafteralotofcarefulthought.充分考虑的；成熟的

DetailedreadingDerivation:maturityn.carefreeadj.havingnoproblemsornotbeingworriedaboutanythinge.g.Iremembermycarefreestudentdays.Synonym:unworriedDetailedreadinginvincibleadj.impossibletodefeatorpreventfromdoingwhatisintendede.g.Wehaveaninvinciblearmy.我们有一支不可战胜的军队。Synonyms:unbeatable,unconquerableDetailedreadingDerivation:invincibilityn.Ourmanagerhasaninvinciblewill.我们的经理有着坚强的意志。DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendship,encouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.Explanation:AIDSisanacronymforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(获得性免疫缺损综合症).Translation:对付艾滋病能强化人们之间的友谊，培养感情并使人更加成熟。Detailedreading2.For10yearsDavidandIwerethebestoffriends.Thenwegottohighschoolandthingsstartedtochange.Wewereindifferentclasses,sowedidn’thangoutasmuch.ItbotheredmebutIthoughtthatwewerebothjustgrowingup,andthereweremorefriendswherehecamefrom.ThenIbegantonoticethathewasn’tinschoolalot,andwassickmorethanusual.SoIcalledhimandhehunguponme.Ididn’tknowwhattodo,soonceagainIblewitoff.ThenonedayIsawDavidinthemallandIconfrontedhimastowhywewerenotfriendsanymore.Hepulledmeasideandbrokedownintearsandsaidthathewasdying.Ididn’tbelievehim.Sure,IhadheardaboutAIDS,butthatitwasahomosexualdiseaseanditdidn’taffectyoungpeople,soIsaidthatitwasasickjokeandleft.Detailedreadinghangouttospendalotoftimeinaplaceorwithsomeonee.g.Theynormallyhangoutinthepub.他们经常在酒吧里鬼混。Wherehaveyoubeenhangingoutthesedays?你这些日子里都在什么地方？DetailedreadingSheusedtohangoutwithhergoodfriendsinthewoods.她过去常常和朋友们在树林里闲荡。confront

vt.

toface,meetordealwithadifficultsituationorpersone.g.Asoldieroftenhastoconfrontdangers.士兵常常要身临险境。Theyconfrontedtheprisonerwithhisaccusers.他们让犯人与原告对质。Comparison:meet:toexperiencesomethinge.g.I’venevermetthatkindofproblem/systembefore.Hemethisdeath(=hedied)intheicywatersoftheSouthAtlantic.DetailedreadingSynonyms:face,encounter,meetmeet,encounter,face,confrontencounter:(formal)tomeetsomeoneunexpectedly;tomeetadifficultyorsetback偶然碰见，遭遇

e.g.Ontheirwayhometheyencounteredawomansellingflowers.Detailedreadingconfront:vt.toface,meetordealwithadifficultsituationorpersonbravelye.g.Wemustconfrontfuturewithoptimism.Ofcourse,weallencounterproblemsandobstacleseveryday,butweshouldtrytoovercomethem.当然，我们每天都会遇到难题和坎坷，但是我们总要学着去克服。Derivations:

confrontationn.afightorargument

confrontationaladj.Detailedreadingface:Ifyoufaceaproblem,oraproblemfacesyou,youhavetodealwithit.e.g.Thisisoneofthemanyproblemsfacedbyworkingmothers.You’refacedwithaverydifficultchoicethere.Detailedreadinge.g.Thenewsystemwillbeconfrontedwithgreatdifficultiesatthestart.这种新的制度一开始将会面临很大困难。Collocation:beconfrontedwith:faceadifficultyorsomethingbadOurair-conditionerbrokedownonthehottestdayofthisyear.我们的空调在今年最热的那天坏了。breakdown1)tobeunabletocontrolyourfeelingsandtostarttocrye.g.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。e.g.Thetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.电话系统失灵了。2)Ifamachineorvehiclebreaksdown,itstopsworking.Detailedreadinge.g.breakdown3)togetridofortobanishsomethingout-of-date;ortobreakawaysomethingintheway破除，冲破e.g.Women’ssportsarebreakingdownthebarriersinpreviouslymale-dominateddomains.女子体育运动正在打破障碍进入一些目前由男子占主动地位的领域。Detailedreading华为会采取一系列措施冲破美国设下的重重障碍。HuaweiwilltakeaseriesofmeasurestobreakdownthebarriersbytheUnitedStates.affectvt.

tohaveaninfluenceonsomeoneorsomething,ortocausethemtochangee.g.Bothbuildingswerebadlyaffectedbythefire.Thedivorceaffectedeveryaspectofherlife.Comparison:affect:Itusuallyreferstosomethingproducesnegativeeffectonsomebody.DetailedreadingSynonym:influenceaffect,influenceDetailedreadinginfluence:Itusuallyreferstotheimperceptibleeffectonone’spersonality,thoughtorbehavior,sometimesitalsoreferstotheeffectproducedbythenaturalpower.e.g.Don’tletmeinfluenceyourdecision.不要让我影响你的决定。e.g.Theclimateaffectedhishealth.气候影响了他的健康。Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。Derivations:affectionn.affectiveadj.DetailedreadingIblewitoff.Paraphrase:Ididn’ttakeitseriously.Detailedreading3.WhenIgothomethingsstartedtomakesense.Irantomyroomandcried.Davidwasonly17;hecouldn’tdie.ThenIfeltsobadthatwehadgrownsofarapart.IcalledDavid,askinghimtocomeoversowecouldtalk.WhenhecameoverIsawaseriousnessinhimthatIhadneverseenbefore.Helookedsoold,toooldforhisage.Iaskedhowithadhappened.Davidhadhadunprotectedsexonceandnowhadtopaywithhislife.Iwassoangry.Ihaveneverfeltsopowerlessinmywholelife.Whenthingshadgonewrongbeforethis,Icouldalwaysrelyonmyparentstomakethingsbetter.Therewasnothingthattheycoulddothistime.Ithattohandleitallonmyown.

Detailedreadingmakesensetobereasonableorlogicalorcomprehensiblee.g.Doesitmakesensetoletchildrenplaywithmatches?让小孩玩火柴有意义吗？Hisargumentdoesnotmakesense.他的论据说不通。Detailedreadinghandlevt.todealwith,haveresponsibilityfor,orbeinchargeofe.g.He’snotaverygoodteacher—hedoesn’tknowhowtohandlechildren.他不是一个好的老师——

他不懂得如何对待孩子。Anofficermustknowhowtohandlehismen.当军官的应懂得怎样统率士兵。DetailedreadingSynonyms:copewith,dealwithIthoughthehandledthesituationverywell.我认为他把情况处理得很好。Whenthingshadgonewrongbeforethis,Icouldalwaysrelyonmyparentstomadethingsbetter.Therewasnothingthattheycoulddothistime.Ihadtohandleitallonmyown.Translation:在这之前，若事情出了差错，我总是可以向父母求助，使事情转危为安。这一次他们也无能为力，我不得不自己来处理应对一切。Detailedreading4.DavidandIbecameverycloseagain,anditseemedthatIwastheonlyonethereforhim.Davidmadethedecisiontotellpeopleabouthisdisease.Therewasnouseinhidingit;soonerorlaterpeoplewouldfindout.Peoplelookedathimasifhehadaplague,andourfriendsfromschoolwantednothingtodowithhim.Soonafterthattheywantednothingtodowithme.AllofasuddenIfeltthatIhadthedisease.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.MywholelifewaschangingsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepup.DetailedreadingOnceagainIwasgrowingupandrealizedthatourfriendshipmeanteverythingtome.Also,Icouldn’tturnmybackonhimwhenheneededmethemost.SoIstuckitoutandlostmostofmyfriends.Theonesthatstilltalkedwithmedidn’tcometoocloseinfearthattheywouldcatchthedisease.Thethingwas,Ididn’tevenhaveAIDS,sowhydidmyfriendstreatmelikethis?Iwasbeingtreatedthiswaybecauseteenagersarenotusedtodealingwithsituationslikethis,anddon’tknowhowtoreact.SohowcouldIblamethemsinceIwouldhavedonethesamething?Detailedreadingsooner

orlater

oneday;eventually(whetherimmediatelyorinthefuture)e.g.Theywillmaketroublesoonerorlater.他们迟早会惹麻烦。DetailedreadingSynonym:oneday;eventually你应该告诉她，因为她迟早会发现的。Youshouldtellher,becauseshe’llfinditoutsoonerorlater.keepup

tobeabletounderstandordealwithsomethingthatishappeningorchangingveryfaste.g.Ireadthepaperstokeepupwithwhat’shappeningintheoutsideworld.Ithinkit’sdifficulttokeepupwiththerecentdevelopment.DetailedreadingSynonym:followDetailedreading2)tochangeyourideas,opinionsorwayoflivingorworkingtomakethemmoderne.g.Idon’treallylikeworkingonacomputer,butIhavetokeepupwiththetimes,Isuppose.Collocation:keepupwith1)Ifsomeoneorsomethingkeepsupwithsomeoneorsomethingelse,theydowhateverisnecessarytostaylevelorequalwiththatpersonorthing.e.g.Hestartedtowalkfasterandthechildrenhadtoruntokeepupwithhim.Wagesarefailingtokeepupwithinflation.turnone’sbackonrefusetobeinvolvedwith置之不理，抛弃e.g.Heturnedhisbackonhisrelatives,thoughhewasamillionaire.Detailedreading他对我很好，我不能丢下他。Heisverykindtome.Icannotturnmybackonhim.stickitouttocontinuetotheendofadifficultorunpleasantsituatione.g.Hehatesthejobbuthe’sdeterminedtostickitoutbecauseheneedsthemoney.他讨厌那工作——但因为需要钱，只好横下心来干下去。Iknowthingsaredifficultatthemoment,butifwejuststickitout,I’msureeverythingwillbeOKintheend.Detailedreadingblamevt.tosayorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingdidsomethingwrongorisresponsibleforsomethingbadhappeninge.g.Thedriverwasnottoblamefortheaccident.这次事故不能怪司机。Synonyms:condemn,accuse,findfaultwithDetailedreadingCollocations:blamesb.forsth./doingsth.:findfaultwith;censure指责blamesth.onsb.:placeresponsibilityforsth.把……归咎于……DetailedreadingTranslation:许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。1.2.ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack’scarelessdriving.Therewasnouseinhidingit;soonerorlaterpeoplewouldfindout.Translation:隐瞒病情没有用，人们迟早会发现真相的。DetailedreadingAlso,Icouldnotturnmybackonhimwhenheneededmethemost.Paraphrase:Whenheneedsmyhelp,Icouldnotjustleavehimalone.Translation:而且，在他最需要我的时候我不能不管他。Detailedreading5.Astimewenton,Davidbecameveryill.TherewasnothingthatIcoulddobutwatchhimdie.Davidfoundoutthathehadfull-blownAIDS.Thistomemeantdeathwassuretocomeandalltooquickly.Iwasn’treadytolethimdie,notyetanyway.ThereweresomanythingsthatIwantedtodoandsay,butcouldn’tfindthewords.Iwenttodoctorafterdoctorwithhim,andsawhimgo

throughsomuch.EveryonesaidthatImustkeepapositiveattitudefor

his

sake,becauseattitudemeanseverything.So,intimesofstressIwastheonethathadtokeepthingstogether.Ipushedallmyemotionsasideandwasstrongforhim.Detailedreadinggothroughtoexperienceadifficultorunpleasantsituatione.g.He’samazinglycheerfulconsideringallthathe’sgonethrough.鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇，他的乐天达观令人惊叹。Howcanshekeepsmilingafterwhatshe’sgonethrough?她在经历了这一切之后怎么还能保持满脸笑容？DetailedreadingThecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。forone’ssake/forthesakeofinordertohelporbringadvantagetosomeonee.g.Don’tinconvenienceyourselfformysake.请不必为我麻烦。Pleasedoit,forDavid’ssake.Theirparentsonlystayedtogetherforthesakeofthechildren.Detailedreadingstressn.

1)greatworrycausedbyadifficultsituation,orsomethingwhichcausesthisconditione.g.Peopleunderalotofstressmayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.Ican’tbearthestressesandstrainsofmodernlife.我不能忍受现代生活的压力和紧张。e.g.Duringhisspeech,helaidparticularstressonthefreedomofthepress.在他的发言中他特别强调了新闻媒体的自由.Synonyms:strain,pressure,tension,emphasis2)emphasisDetailedreading6.Mymomhadhadatripplannedforthewholefamilyforsometimenow,andstillwantedtogo.Shethoughtthatthetripwoulddomegood;shesaidthatIwasnottheonethatwasdying.Icouldn’tbelievethatshesaidthattome,buttomakeherhappyIwent.Weweregoneforabouttwoweeks,andwhenIcamebackthefirstthingIdidwasgotoseeDavid.ThatwaswhenIsawAIDSforthefirsttime.Ididn’tevenrecognizehim.Davidhadlostweight,hadpurplelesionsalloverhisbody,andwasverypale.Hecouldn’tevengetupwhenhesawme.Hewasbedridden.Istillhadtobethestrongoneandkeepeverythingin.Ihadbroughthimstufffromtheocean,hisfavoriteplace.Wetalkedaboutmytripandanythingelsewecouldthinkof.Thenhefellasleepbecausehecouldnolongerstayawakeforlongperiodsoftime.Detailedreadingdosb.goodtobenefitsb.e.g.Exercisewilldoyougood.运动对你会有好处的。Eatmorefruit—itwilldoyougood.多吃水果，这对你有好处。Aweek’svacationwilldoyoualotofgood.休假一周对你有很多益处。DetailedreadingDetailedreadinge.g.Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth.吸烟对你的身体有害。Beingexposedtosunlightformuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.Antonym:doharmtosb.:tobeharmfultosb.bedriddenadj.confinedtobed(byillness)e.g.IhavetostaywhereIam.FromnowonI’mbedridden.I’munderdoctor’sorders.我要留在这里，从现在开始我要遵循医嘱卧床休息。Detailedreadingkeepsth.intoconcealorhideanemotion;torestrainsth.e.g.Hecouldscarcelykeephisindignationin.他愤怒得难以自持。Detailedreading听到自己已经被大学录取这个消息，她几乎没有办法隐藏自己的兴奋之情。Hearingthenewsthatshehadbeenadmittedbytheuniversity,shecouldhardlykeepherexcitementin.7.OnthesecondofMay1996,Davidwasputinhospital.Thisgavehimthefeelingthattherewasnomorehopeleft,andthathewasgoingtodie.Istillhadtomaintainmypositiveoutlookforhim.Heneededthatinme.Onedayhelookedatmeandsaid,“Faye,Iamdying;let’sacceptthatanddealwithit.IknowwhatIdidwaswrongandnowIhavetodealwithit.AllIwantyoutodoistorememberme,enjoylifeandbecareful.”Forthefirsttimeinfrontofhim,Icried.Iknewthatitwouldn’tbelongbeforehewasgoneforever.Heshouldn’thavetodealwiththisatsuchayoungage.DetailedreadingTowardstheendofMayhebecamesosickthatthehospitalstaffhadabubblearoundhim,sohewouldn’tcatchourbadgerms.Ihatedtoseehimlikethat,andeverydayitbecameworse.Ihadcometorealizethatanydaynowhewoulddie.AtnightIwouldwonderifhewouldmakeitthrough.Schoolwasovernow,soIspenteveryhourIcouldinthehospital.Hewaseverythingtome.IfeltbadforthetimethatwehadlostandhowIwasn’tevengoingtofightforourfriendship.Detailedreadingmaintainvt.1)tocontinuetohave;tokeepinexistence,ornotallowtobecomelesse.g.Thearmyhasbeenbroughtintomaintainorderintheregion.Mankindhavebeentryingeverymeanstomaintainthebalanceofnature.人类采用一切手段保持生态平衡。AnnaandMarymaintainedtheirfriendshipformanyyears.Despitelivingindifferentcountries,thetwofamilieshavemaintainedcloselinks.Detailedreadinge.g.Alargehousecostsalottomaintain.Theroadsaroundthetownhavebeenverypoorlymaintained.Frankmaintainshiscarverywell.弗兰克把自己的车子保养得很好。2)tokeeparoad,machine,building,etc.ingoodconditionDetailedreadinge.g.Mr.Smithmaintainshissonatcollege.史密斯先生供养念大学的儿子。3)tosupportDetailedreadingDerivation:maintenancen.e.g.HemaintainsthatheoncesawaUFO.他坚持称自己见过飞碟。4)toexpressfirmlyyourbeliefthatsomethingistruedealwith1)totakeactioninordertoachievesomethingorinordertosolveaprobleme.g.Howdoyouintendtodealwiththisproblem?Ithinkweshouldworkoutastrategytodealwiththissituation.我想我们应该制订出一项行动计划，来应对这种情况。e.g.Hernewfilmdealswiththerelationshipbetweenawomanandhersickdaughter.Theauthorhastriedtodealwith(=writeabout)averydifficultsubject.2)tobeaboutorbeonthesubjectofsomethingDetailedreading叙述，涉及

Synonyms:copewith,handleDetailedreadinge.g.Themeetingwilldealwiththeseproblems.本次会议将就这些问题进行讨论。…thehospitalstaffhadabubblearoundhim,Paraphrase:…thehospitalstaffputhimunderalargeclearplastictent.Detailedreading8.ThefifthofJune,1996markedtheendofmybestfriendDavid’slife.Hewentpeacefully.Thatwasacomfortallinitsown.Inaway

Iwasgladthatitwasover,forhewasnolongerinpain.AlltheemotionsthatIhadheldincamerushingoutasIrealizedthatIwouldneverseeDavidagain.HismothersaidthatIhadkepthimalive

andthatshewasgratefulthatIwasherson’slastfriend.Ithasn’tbeenayearyet,butIhavedonesomuchsincethenthatIamnolongerthatcarefreeteenager.InoweducatepeopleaboutAIDS,whichtomeiskeepingDavid’smemoryalive.EventhoughDavidisgone,heisstillwithmeandalwayswillbeinmindandspirit.Detailedreadinginawaytoacertainextent,butnotentirely;inasensee.g.Thearticleiswellwritteninaway