金融知识英文介绍

演讲人：日期：金融知识英文介绍OverviewofFinanceBasicFinancialConceptsFinancialMarketsandInstrumentsFinancialInstitutionsandServicesCorporateFinanceandDecisionMakingMergers,Acquisitions,andCorporateRestructuring目录01OverviewofFinanceDefinitionFinanceisthestudyofhowindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentsraise,allocate,andusemonetaryresourcesovertime,takingintoaccounttherisksenteredintheirprojectsImportanceFinanceplaysacriticalroleintheeconomicdevelopmentofanysocietyItenablesindividualstosaveandinvestfortheirfuture,businessestoexpandandinnovate,andgovernmentstofundessentialpublicservicesDefinitionandImportance03GlobalizationandTechnologyImpactonfinanceandfinancialservices01EarlyFormsBartersystem,developmentofmoneyandbanking02ModernFinanceEvolutionoffinancialmarkets,instruments,andinstitutionsHistoryandDevelopmentBudgeting,saving,investing,insurance,andretentionplanningPersonalFinanceCapitalbudgeting,financialanalysis,mergersandacquisitions,riskmanagementCorporateFinanceGovernmentspending,taxation,debtmanagement,financialpolicyPublicFinanceForeignexchangemarkets,internationaltrade,internationalinvestments,andglobalfinancialcrisesInternationalFinanceScopeandApplications02BasicFinancialConceptsAssets01Resourcesownedbyacompanyorindividualwitheconomicvalue,suchascash,investments,property,andequipmentCapabilities02Obligationsordebtsownedbyacompanyorindividualtoanotherparty,suchasloans,accountspayable,andmortgagesEquity03TheresidualinterestintheassetsofacompanyorindividualafterconductingitsliabilitiesItrepresentstheowner'sstackinthebusinessAssets,Facilities,andEquityMoneyreceivedbyacompanyorindividualfromthesaleofgoodsorservices,investments,orothersourcesIncomeCostsincurredbyacompanyorindividualtogenerateincome,suchasrent,salaries,utilities,andmarketingcostsExpensesTheexcessofincomeoverexpensesduringaspecificperiodoftimeItpresentsthefinancialgainachievedbyabusinessProfitIncomeandExpensesCashFlowThemovementofcashintoandoutofabusinessorindividual'saccountsItincludescashreceiptsfromcustomers,cashpaymentstosuppliersandemployees,andcashinvestedinorwithdrawingsfromthebusinessProfitabilityTheabilityofabusinesstogenerateprofitsovertimeItismeasuredbycomparingthecompany'sincomeandexpensestodetermineitsoverallfinancialperformanceFinancialStatementsDocumentsthatprovideinformationaboutacompany'sfinancialposition,includingitsassets,liabilities,equity,income,expenses,andcashflowTheyareusedtoevaluatethecompany'sprofitabilityandfinancialhealthCashFlowandProfitability03FinancialMarketsandInstrumentsCapitalMarketsWherelongtermfundsareraisedandinvested,includingthestockandbondmarketsWhereshorttermfundsaretraded,suchasthroughtreasurybillsandcommercialpaperWherecontractsarebulkyandsolidthatderivetheirvaluefromanunderlyingasset,suchasfuturesandoptionsWherecurrenciesaretradedagainsteachotherMoneyMarketsDerivativesMarketsForeignExchangeMarketsTypesofFinancialMarketsDerivativesArefinancialcontractswithavaluethatisderivedfromanunderlyingasset,suchasastock,bond,community,orcurrencyStocksRepresentownershipinacompanyandtitletheholdertoashareofthecompany'sprofitsBondsAredebtsecuritiesthatreportaloanmadebyaninvestortoaborrower,commonlycorporateorgovernmentalMutualFundsAreinvestmentvehiclesthatpoolmoneyfrommanyinvestorsandinvestitinadiversifiedportfolioofsecuritiesCommonFinancialInstrumentsMarketParticipantsandTheirRollsIssuersEntitiesthatsellsecuritiestoraisecapitalfortheiroperations,suchascorporations,governments,andagenciesInvestorsIndividualsorinstitutionsthatbuysecuritiestoearnareturnontheirinvestmentIntermediariesEntitiesthatfacilitatethetradeofsecurities,suchasbrokers,dealers,andexchangesRegulatorsGovernmentbodiesthatoverseethefinancialmarketstoensurefairness,transparency,andcompliancewithlawsandregulations04FinancialInstitutionsandServicesBanksTheseareinstitutionsthatacceptdepositsfromthepublicandprovideloans,advantages,andotherfinancialservicesTheyalsoofferawiderangeofproductssuchassavingsaccounts,checkingaccounts,andcertificatesofdeposit(CDs)CreditUnionsThesearememberownedfinancialcollaborationsthatoffermanyofthesameservicesasbanksbutaretypicallysmallandmorecommunityfocusedCreditunionsoftenhavelowerfeesandbetterinterestratesonloansandsavingsproductsTypesofFinancialInstitutionsInvestmentBanksTheseinstitutionsspecializeinhelpingcompaniesraisecapitalbyissuingandsellingsecuritiessuchasstocksandbondsTheyalsoprovideadviceonmerchantsandacquisitionsandothercorporatefinancemattersInsuranceCompaniesThesefirmoffersarangeofinsuranceproductsdesignedtoprotectindividualsandbusinessesfromfinanciallossesduetoeventssuchasaccidents,naturaldisasters,ordeathTypesofFinancialInstitutionsDepositAccountsTheseincludesavingsaccounts,checkingaccounts,andmoneymarketaccountsthatallowcustomerstosafelystoretheirfundsandearninterestondepositsLoansandAdvancementsBanksprovideloanstoindividualsandbusinessesforavarietyofpurposessuchaspurchasingahome,startingabusiness,orexpandingoperationsLoansaretypicallyrepairedwithinterestoverasetperiodoftimeBankingServicesandProductsBanksissuecreditcardsthatallowcustomerstomakepurchasesoncreditandpaythebalanceovertime,typicallywithinterestchargesCreditCardsManybanksnowofferonlineandmobilebankingservicesthatallowcustomerstoaccesstheiraccounts,transferfunds,andpaybillsremotelyusingacomputerorsmartphoneOnlineandMobileBankingBankingServicesandProductsInvestmentAdviceandManagementFinancialinstitutionsoftenprovideinvestmentadviceandmanagementservicestohelpcustomersgrowtheirwealththroughinvestmentsinstocks,bonds,mutualfunds,andothersecuritiesRecommendationPlanningManyfinancialinstitutionsofferretentionplanningservicestohelpcustomerssaveforretentionandchooseappropriateinvestmentstofundtheirgoldenyearsInvestmentandInsuranceServicesInsuranceProductsFinancialinstitutionsmayalsosellinsuranceproductssuchaslifeinsurance,healthinsurance,andproperty/CasualtyinsurancetoprotectcustomersfromfinanciallossesduetounexpectedeventsEstatePlanningSomefinancialinstitutionsprovideestateplanningservicestohelpcustomersplanforthedistributionoftheirassetsafterdeathandensurethattheirwivesarecarriedoutInvestmentandInsuranceServices05CorporateFinanceandDecisionMakingCapitalBudgetingProcessFirmsusecapitalbudgetingtoevaluatepotentialinvestmentsanddeterminewhichofthemareworthpursuingThisprocessinvolvesestimatingthefuturecashflowsofaproject,discountingtheirbacktothepresentvalue,andcomparingthisvaluetotheinitialinvestmentcostInvestmentCriteriaFirmstypicallyusevariablecriteriatoevaluatepotentialinvestments,suchasthepaybackperiod,netpresentvalue(NPV),internalrateofreturn(IRR),andprofitabilityindexRiskConsiderationsWhenmakinginvestmentdecisions,firmsmustalsoconsidertheriskassociatedwitheachprojectThisincludesassessingthesensitivityoftheprojecttochangesinkeyassessments,suchassalesvolume,price,andcostCapitalBudgetingandInvestmentDecisionsDividedPolicyDividedpolicyreferstothefirm'sdecisionregardinghowmuchofitsearningstodistributetoshareholdersintheformofdividendsThisdecisioncanhaveasignificantimpactonshareholdervalueImpactonSharePriceDividedpaymentscanaffectthesharepriceofacompanyGenerally,anincreaseindividendsisviewedpositivelybythemarketandmayleadtoanincreaseinshareprice,whileadecreaseorsuspensionofdividendsmayhavethepotentialeffectRetainedEarningsFirmsthatretainaportoftheirearningshavetheopportunitytoreinvestthesefundsinfeasibleprojectsthatcangenerateadditionalfuturecashflowsandincreasesharevalueDividedPolicyandShareholderValueRiskIdentificationandAssessmentFirmsmustidentifyandassessthevariousriskstheyface,includingmarketrisk,creditrisk,operationalrisk,andliquidityriskByunderstandingtheserisks,firmcandevelopstrategiestomitigatetheirimpactHidingStrategiesHidinginvestmentstakinganoffsettingpositioninarelatedassettoreducetheriskassociatedwithaspecificinvestmentorexposureForexample,afirmmayusefuturecontractstohedgeagainstpotentialincreasesinthepriceofakeyrawmaterialDiversionDiversionisanotherriskmanagementstrateg