新课标2024高考英语二轮复习专题练习14阅读理解1

PAGEPAGE1专题练习十四阅读理解1A(2024·辽宁省阜新市高三模拟)You'veprobablyvisitedtheTian'anmenGatetower—thelandmarkbuildingofBeijing,butyoumaynothaveheardofKuaiXiang.Alongwithhim,thefollowingremarkablearchitectsalltookthecenterstageattheirtimes.KuaiXiang(1398—1481)Tian'anmenGatetowerisuniversallyconsideredthebrainchildofKuaiXiang.Byfollowinginthefootstepsofancienthomebuilders,hesuccessfullypresentedtheEmperorJudywithagrandwoodenstructurewhichhasstoodthetestoftimeforalmost600years.Visitorsarealsohookedonitsdelicatepaintings.IeohMingPei(1917—2025)Hismottois：Traditionsshouldbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.Heisalwaysstrugglingwithinnovation.AlthoughundergrillingfromFrenchconservativecritics,hestillplantedaglasspyramidintothecourtyardoftheLouvre.HisotherworksincludeJohnF．KennedyLibrary,BeijingFragrantHillHotelandSuzhouMuseum.ZahaHadid(1950—2025)In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,theNobelPrizeforarchitecture.Sheusedtrickstomaximizeavailablespace.Herfluid­styleworkspioneertheconceptofmicro­living.Thecurves(曲线)ofGuangzhouOperaHouseperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofitssurroundingbuildings,formingauniqueview.MengFanchao(1959—present)Manypeopledismissedthebuildingofamegabridgeasapipedream,butMengFanchaoturnedthisintorealitybybuildingHongKong­Zhuhai­MacaoBridge.Thislongestcross­seabridge,whenviewedafar,lookslikeadynamicdragonbravingtherollingwavesofLingdingSea.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了四位杰出的建筑家KuaiXiang、IeobMingPei、ZahaHadid、MengFanchao以及他们的主要作品和成就。1．WhatcanweinferaboutKuaiXiang?A．Heneverfollowstraditions.B．Helacksfinancialsupport.C．Heisasuccessfularchitect.D．Helikesdelicatehooks.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据其次段第一句“Tian'anmenGatetowerisuniversallyconsideredthebrainchildofKuaiXiang.”可知，天安门城楼通常被认为是蒯祥的才智结晶，这说明他是一个杰出的建筑家。故C项正确。2．What'sIeohMingPei'sattitudetowardscreation?A．Positive. B．Uncaring.C．Subjective. D．Disapproving.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据第三段前两句“Hismottois：Traditionsshouldbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.Heisalwaysstrugglingwithinnovation.”可知，IeohMingPei认为传统应当被封存在博物馆里的玻璃盒子里，而且他总是努力进行创新。这说明他对创建持主动的看法。故A项正确。3．WhatdoZahaHadidandMengFanchaohaveincommon?A．Theyemphasizetheuseofspace.B．Theysetaremarkablerecord.C．Theylikefollowingothers'opinions.D．Theirworksmeetwithaboycott.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段第一句“In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,theNobelPrizeforarchitecture.”可知，ZahaHadid成为第一个获得建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利兹克建筑奖的女性建筑家，她创建了一个新的纪录；依据最终一段“Thislongestcross­seabridge,whenviewedafar,lookslikeadynamicdragonbravingtherollingwavesofLingdingSea.”可知，MengFanchao设计的港珠澳大桥是世界上最长的跨海大桥，他也创建了历史。他们都在建筑历史上留下了杰出的作品，创建了新的纪录。故B项正确。B(2024·石家庄市中学毕业班模拟)Coca­Cola,whichreportedlyproducedmorethan3milliontonsofplasticpackagingin2024,announcedThursdayitwantsto“helpfixtheworld'splasticwasteproblemonecommunity(社区)atatime”．Thesodagiantisdoingsobyproviding$5.4millionforrecyclingprogramsincitieslikeAtlanta,Boston,DenverandHouston.Inthesecities,partners,likeTheGreenBlueInstituteandTheRecyclingPartnership,whichreceivethemoney,willworktogethertoimproverecyclingrates.“WefocusonareaswherewehavetheabilitytomakethebiggestinfluenceoncommunitiesthroughthefundingandexpertskillsofCoca­Colaemployees，”CarlosPagoagoa,Coca­Cola'sgroupdirectorofcommunitypartnerships,saidinastatement.“Ineachcity,localpartnerswillworktogethertoidentifybarrierstorecyclingonalocallevelandtestarangeofsolutions，”headded.“Wehopethelearningsfromthese‘modelmarkets'canoffersolutionstoothercitiesfacingsimilarchallenges.”Aspartoftheeffort,TheRecyclingPartnershipandthecityofAtlanta,wherethecolacompany'sheadquartersarebased,willsendstreetteamsouttoopenrecyclingcartsandleavecitizenscardsinformingthemwhattheycanandcan'trecycle,andletthemknowhowtheireffortswork.“TwoofthemosturgentproblemswithrecyclingintheUStodayarelackofaccess,followedbypollutioninrecycling，”KeefeHarrison,CEOofTheRecyclingPartnership,saidinastatement.“WeknowfromthesuccessofAtlantain2024thatthecitizenswanttorecycle,andthatcommunicatingwiththeminthestreetworks.”Lastyear,Coca­Colaannounceditstasktocollectandreuseabottleorcanforeachoneitsells,andincreasetheamountofitsproductsoutofrecycledmaterialsto50%by2030.Thebrandalsoaimstomakeallitspackagingfullyrecyclableby2025.本文是一篇环保类短文阅读。文章主要讲解并描述可口可乐公司将提高产品包装材料的回收率，直至其全部包装完全可回收。1．WhatdoesCoca­Colacompanyintendtodointheprogram?A．Producelesspackaging.B．Helpdealwithplasticwaste.C．Pickupwasteincommunities.D．Buildaplanttorecycleplasticwaste.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段“Coca­Cola,whichreportedlyproducedmorethan3milliontonsofplasticpackagingin2024,announcedThursdayitwantsto‘helpfixtheworld'splasticwasteproblemonecommunity(社区)atatime’．”可知，可口可乐公司宣布，安排帮助一个社区解决一次全球塑料垃圾问题。故选B。2．What'sParagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowCoca­Colaconductsitsprogram.B．Whatorganizationsparticipateintheprogram.C．HowCoca­Colachoosescitiesfortheprogram.D．WhatthelocalpeopledoinCoca­Cola'sprogram.答案：A解析：段落大意题。依据文章其次段“Thesodagiantisdoingsobyproviding$5.4millionforrecyclingprogramsincitieslikeAtlanta,Boston,DenverandHouston.Inthesecities,partners,likeTheGreenBlueInstituteandTheRecyclingPartnership,whichreceivethemoney,willworktogethertoimproverecyclingrates.”(可口可乐公司为亚特兰大、波士顿、丹佛和休斯顿等城市的回收项目供应资金，并与合作伙伴共同努力来提高回收率)，从而可知，本段主要讲解并描述可口可乐是如何执行其安排的。故选A。3．Whatdostreetteamsdotohelp?A．Sortoutvariouswasteinthecity.B．Lookintothecauseofpollution.C．Instructlocalpeoplewhattorecycle.D．Handcardstothelocalsinperson.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段．..willsendstreetteamsouttoopenrecyclingcartsandleavecitizenscardsinformingthemwhattheycanandcan'trecycle,andletthemknowhowtheireffortswork.”(街头团队给市民留下卡片，告知他们什么可以回收，什么不能回收)，可知，街头团队指导当地居民如何回收利用。故选C。4．WhatdoesKeefeHarrisonthinkoftheprogram?A．Promising. B．Difficult.C．Pioneering. D．Costly.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据文章第五段“WeknowfromthesuccessofAtlantain2024thatthecitizenswanttorecycle,andthatcommunicatingwiththeminthestreetworks.”(市民们想要回收垃圾，在街上与他们沟通是有效的)，可以推断出，KeefeHarrison认为此项目是有希望的。故选A。C(2024·山东省阶段检测联合考试)Theresultsfromtheworld'slargestsleepstudyhaveshownthatpeoplewhosleeponaveragebetween7to8hourspernightperformbettercognitively(认知地)thanthosewhosleeplessormorethanthisamount.Theworld'slargestsleepstudywaslaunchedinJune2024andwithindaysmorethan40,000peoplefromtheworldparticipatedintheonlinescientificinvestigation,whichincludedanin­depthquestionnaireandaseriesofcognitiveperformanceactivities.“Wereallywantedtocapturethesleepinghabitsofpeoplearoundtheentireglobe.Obviously,therehavebeenmanysmallersleepstudiesofpeopleinlaboratoriesbutwewantedtofindoutwhatsleepislikeintherealworld，”saysAdrianOwen,western'sresearcherinCognitiveNeuroscienceandImaging.“Peoplewhologgedingaveusalotofinformationaboutthemselves.Wehadafairlyextensivequestionnaireandtheytoldusthingslikewhichmedicationstheywereon,wheretheywereintheworldandwhatkindofeducationthey'dreceivedbecausetheseareallfactorsthatmighthavecontributedtosomeoftheresults.”Morethanhalfofallparticipantsreportedtypicallysleepinglessthan6.3hourspernight,aboutanhourlessthanthestudy'srecommendedamount.Oneshockingtruthwasthatmostparticipantswhosleptfourhoursorlessperformedasiftheywerealmostnineyearsolder.Anothersurprisingdiscoverywasthatsleepaffectedalladultsequally.Theamountofsleepassociatedwithhighlyfunctionalcognitivebehaviorwasthesameforeveryone,regardlessofage.Also,theharmassociatedwithtoolittle,ortoomuchsleepdidnotdependontheageoftheparticipants.“Wefoundthatthebestamountofsleeptokeepyourbrainperformingitsbestis7to8hourseverynight.Wealsofoundthatpeoplethatsleptmorethanthatamountwereequallyharmedasthosewhoslepttoolittle，”saysConorWild,OwenLabResearchAssociateandthestudy'sleadauthor.这是一篇说明文。一项世界最大的睡眠调查表明每晚睡眠时间在七到八个小时的人，认知实力比睡眠时间小于这一数量的人更强。1．Wheredidthestudytakeplace?A．Inalab. B．Inthestreet.C．OnTV. D．OntheInternet.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Theworld'slargestsleepstudywaslaunchedinJune2024andwithindaysmorethan40,000peoplefromtheworldparticipatedintheonlinescientificinvestigation，”可知，来自世界各地的4万多人参加了这项网上科学调查，故可知探讨是在网上进行的，故选D。2．WhatmayaffecttheresultofthestudyaccordingtoOwen?A．Career. B．Diet.C．Education. D．Exercise.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。第三段最终一句“Wehadafairlyextensivequestionnaireandtheytoldusthingslikewhichmedicationstheywereon,wheretheywereintheworldandwhatkindofeducationthey'dreceivedbecausetheseareallfactorsthatmighthavecontributedtosomeoftheresults.”可知，Owen认为参加调查的人服用了哪些药物，在世界上的什么地方，接受了什么样的教化这些都是可能导致这些结果的因素。选项中只有C项Owen提到了会影响探讨结果，故选C。3．What'sWild'sview?A．Sleepingtoomuchisasbadassleepingtoolittle.B．Peoplemustsleepforeighthourseverynight.C．Sleepingtoolittlecanmakepeoplelookolder.D．Peopleneedn'tpayattentiontotheamountofsleep.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。最终一段其次句“Wealsofoundthatpeoplethatsleptmorethanthatamountwereequallyharmedasthosewhoslepttoolittle，”可知，Wild认为睡眠太多和睡眠过少受到的损害是一样的，故选A。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．OwenandWildarethefirsttostudysleep.B．Lackofenoughsleepisacommonproblem.C．Allthepeopleintheworldshowinterestinthestudy.D．Thereisnoeffectivewaytosolvethesleepproblem.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段第一句“Morethanhalfofallparticipantsreportedtypicallysleepinglessthan6.3hourspernight,aboutanhourlessthanthestudy'srecommendedamount.”可知，超过一半的参加者表示，他们每晚的睡眠时间通常少于6.3小时，比探讨建议的睡眠时间少一个小时左右。即睡眠不足是一个很普遍的问题。故选B。D(2024·山东省济南市高三模拟)NewYorkWalkingTour◆StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTourStartthisexcitingguided4­hourtourbygettingearlyReserveLineAccessboardingontheferrytoLibertyIsland.Oncethere,goinsidethebaseofthestatueandheadtotheobservationdecksforanawesomeviewofNewYorkCityanditssurroundings.ThencomebackontheferrytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.◆CentralParkWalkingTourWalkthroughCentralPark'smostpicturesquehighlightsona2­hourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.RememberyourNewYorkCityadventurewithunforgettableimagesofyouwithfamilyorfriendsasyoucirclethetowersatBelvedereCastle,walkthroughpathswithflowersintheConservatoryGarden,orfeedtheswansbytheLoebBoathouse.◆NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTourLearnaboutthehistoryofthebuildingsthatdefinetheNewYorkCityskylineona3­hourwalkingarchitecturetour.Walkdownthefamous42ndStreetcorridorwithalongtimeNewYorkresident(居民)andarchitecturalexpert,stoppingalongthewaytolearnaboutMidtownManhattan'smosticonicstructuresliketheChryslerBuilding,FordFoundation,GrandCentralStationandtheNewYorkPublicLibrary.◆GreenwichVillageWalkingTourGreenwichVillageisoneofNewYorkCity'smostbeautifulandfamousneighborhoods.Takeaguided2­hourwalkingtourofthislegendaryLowerManhattanspace.Hearaboutthefamousartistswhooncelivedhere,fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan,JimiHendrixandcountlessothers.WalkthewindingstreetsandvisitpopularWashingtonSquarePark,relivingmorethan200yearsofhistory.本文是一则广告，介绍了纽约四条徒步旅行线路。1．WhydotouristsvisitEllisIsland?A．ToknowaboutAmericanimmigrationhistory.B．Toexplorethesurroundingsoftheisland.C．TogetawholeviewofNewYorkCity.D．ToobserveStatueofLibertyclosely.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段“ThencomebackontheferrytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.”可知，去EllisIsland可以了解1892年至1954年期间美国的移民历史，故选A。2．WhowillgowithtouristsonCentralParkWalkingTour?A．Anexperiencedguide.B．Anarchitecturalexpert.C．Aprofessionalphotographer.D．AlongtimeNewYorkresident.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段“WalkthroughCentralPark'smostpicturesquehighlightsona2­hourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.”可知，游客参观中心公园有专业的摄影师陪伴，故选C。3．Whichtourtakesthelongesttime?A．CentralParkWalkingTour.B．GreenwichVillageWalkingTour.C．NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTour.D．StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Startthisexcitingguided4­hourtourbygettingearlyReserveLineAccessboardingontheferrytoLibertyIsland.”可知，StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour这条路途花费4个小时，其他路途为2个小时或3个小时，这条是四条线路中时间最长的，故选D。4．WhatcantouristsdoonGreenwichVillageWalkingTour?A．Takeunforgettablepictures.B．ComeacrossBobDylan.C．VisitNewYorkPublicLibrary.D．Learnaboutfamousartists.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“Hearaboutthefamousartistswhooncelivedhere，fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan，JimiHendrixandcountlessothers.”可知，在这条线路中，游客可以了解在此生活过的闻名艺术家，故选D。E(2024·衡水中学高三第三次诊断)Ifwewanttofindoutwhatkindoftechnologypeopleusedinthepast,wenormallyhavetorelyonarchaeologiststofindruinedbuildingsandpartsoftoolsorinstrumentsormachines.Archaeologiststhentrytoreconstruct,sometimeswiththehelpofcomputertechnology,whattheseancientbuildingsandobjectsmusthavelookedlike,andhowtheymighthavebeenmade.Sometimeshistoriansareluckyandfindanancientdocumentwithawrittendescriptionoftheseancientbuildingsandobjects.Wecanunderstand,then,whyChinesehistoriansweresoexcitedwhentheyfoundcavepaintingswhichshowancientscience.Theyfoundthesepaintingsintheworld­renownedMogaoGrottoesofDunhuangCity,inNorthwestChina'sGansuProvince.Thereare500man­madecavesandtheyhavesurvivedforatleast1,600years.Almostallofthesecaveshavepaintingsontheirceilingsorwallsandtheydatefromthe4thto14thcenturies.WangJinyuisanexpertonthesecavepaintings(alsocalledfrescoes)andhesays:“Wediscoveredfrescoescontainingscientificandtechnologicalcontentinalmostallofthecaveswhichhavefrescoes.”WhatisremarkableaboutthesecavepaintingsaccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyisthattheyprovideevidenceof“scientificandtechnologicalinventionsbyancientChineseinmaths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,trafficandtransportation,armsandmilitaryequipmentandmedicalsciences”．Amongthediscoveriesexpertshavemadearecavepaintingsshowingancienttechniquesofpotterymakingandwineproductionandpaintingsshowingancientweavingmachinesandthentoothbrushes!Thepaintingsalsogivesomeevidenceofthelifestyleatthetimewith,forexample,picturesofpeopleboilingmilkover1,000yearsago.Expertsbelievethatthereismoreevidencetobefound,butevennowthecavesareawonderfulnaturalmuseum.Ifthewallsandceilingsofthecaveswereallputtogethertheywouldformatapestry20kilometerslongand2metershigh!Itwon'tbepossibletotravelbackintime—thatonlyhappensinfilms—butvisitingthesecaveswouldbethenearestexperienceyoucouldgettotravellingbackintime.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃的敦煌莫高窟的洞窟中发觉了反映古代科学的壁画。1．WhywereChinesehistoriansexcitedwhentheyfoundcavepaintingsshowingancientscience?A．Becausetheyhadrarelyseencavepaintings.B．Becausetheycouldmaketheplaceatouristattraction.C．Becausetheycouldlearnaboutancientsciencethroughthem.D．Becausetheywouldbegivenlotsofmoneyforthediscovery.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“WhatisremarkableaboutthesecavepaintingsaccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyisthattheyprovideevidenceof‘scientificandtechnologicalinventionsbyancientChineseinmaths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,trafficandtransportation,armsandmilitaryequipmentandmedicalsciences’”可知，这些壁画为中国古代在数学、物理、化学、天文，地理、建筑以及农学等领域的科技独创供应了证据，由此可知科学家们对此感到很兴奋的缘由是他们可以通过这些壁画了解古代的科学，故C项正确。2．TheMogaoGrottoesofDunhuangCity________.A．have500man­madecavesB．havebeenthereforatmost1,600yearsC．helpustoknowlittleaboutancientscienceD．havepaintingsontheirceilingsineverycave答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Thereare500man­madecavesandtheyhavesurvivedforatleast1,600years.”可知，敦煌莫高窟有500个人工洞窟，故A项正确。3．Expertshaddiscoveredcavepaintingsshowingtheancienttechniquesof________.A．potterymakingandwineproductionB．weavingmachinesandtoothbrushesC．boilingmilkover1,000yearsagoD．architectureandweaving答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Amongthediscoveriesexpertshavemadearecavepaintingsshowingancienttechniquesofpotterymakingandwineproductionandpaintings”可知，科学家发觉壁画中展示了古代制陶和酿酒技术，故A项正确。4．Thearticleismorelikelytobeselectedfromthemagazine________.A．ModernCountries B．BusinessWorldC．NetworkWorld D．PopularScience答案：D解析：文章出处题。依据文章内容可知，本文介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃敦煌莫高窟的洞窟中发觉了反映古代科学的壁画，这属于科学范畴，因此文章最有可能出自科学杂志，故D项正确。F(2024·昆明市高三复习质检)Findingamountaingoatrestinghighonacliff(悬崖)mightthrillmanyofthemillionsoftouristswhovisitWyoming'sGrandTetonNationalParkeveryyear,butparkofficialssayitmightbetimeforthebeardedanimalstogo.Theproblem,accordingtothepark,isthatGrandTeton's100orsomountaingoatsthreatenabout80bighornsheep.Thebighornsheepnumberedasmanyas125justafewyearsago.Thestronggoatsspreaddiseaseandcompetewithbighornsheepforfood.Unlikesmall­sizedbighornsheep,GrandTeton'smountaingoatsaren'tnativetothepark.Theywereintroducedtotheparkinthe1960s.GrandTetonspokeswomanDeniseGermannsaid,“We'vegotamanagementresponsibilitytoprotectthenativespecies.Afterhearingfromthepublicontheproposal(建议)inJanuary,parkofficialsexpecttodecideassoonasmid­Februaryonwhattodoaboutthemountaingoats.”Thegoatsarereproducingrapidly.Nowmightbethebesttimetoreducetheanimalsbeforethey'retoomanytobringundercontrol,accordingtotheParkService.Onewildlifebiologistwhostudiesbighornsheeppraisedtheproposal.Mountaingoats'originalhabitatisnowhereclosetowhere