2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时分层作业十八Unit6Nurturingnature表达作文巧升格含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGE1-课时分层作业(十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheErieCanalwasthefirstimportantnationalwaterwaybuiltintheUS.ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.Thecanalservedasarouteoverwhichindustrialgoodscouldflowintothewest，andmaterialscouldpourintotheeast.TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation'slargestcity.ThebuildingofthecanalwaspaidforentirelybythestateofNewYork.Itcost$7,143,789，butitsoongaineditspricemanytimesover.Between1825，whenthecanalwasopened，and1882，whentollcharges(过运输河费)werestopped，thestatecollected$121,461,891.ForahundredyearsbeforetheEriewasbuilt，peoplehadbeentalkingaboutacanalwhichcouldjointheGreatLakesandtheAtlanticOcean.ThemanwhoplannedtheErieCanalandcarriedtheplanthroughwasDeWittClinton.Thosewhowereagainstthecanallaughinglycalledit“Clinton'sDitch(沟)”．Clintontalkedandwroteaboutthecanalanddrewupplansforit.HeandGovernorMorriswenttoWashingtonin1812toaskforhelpforthecanal，buttheywereunsuccessful.ClintonbecamegovernorofNewYorkin1817，andshortlyafterwards，onJuly4,1817，brokegroundforthecanalinRome，N.Y.Thefirstpartofthecanalwascompletedin1820.Asthecanalgrew，townsalongitscoursedevelopedfast.Thelengthofthecanalis363miles.【语篇解读】本文介绍了ErieCanal的作用及修建过程。1．WecanseethattheErieCanal.A．joinedtheGreatLakestogetherB．crossedNewYorkfromnorthtosouthC．playedanimportantpartindevelopingNewYorkCityD．wasthefirstwaterwaybuiltintheUSC[细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段最终一句“TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation'slargestcity.”及全段内容可推知，此题答案为C。]2．ItcanbeinferredthatintotheAtlanticOcean.A．theGreatLakesflowB．theHudsonRiverflowsC．LakeErieflowsD．theErieCanalflowsB[推理推断题。依据文章第一段其次句和第三句：“ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.”可推知此题答案为B。]3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．TheErieCanalbroughtprofitsofover$114,000,000.B．It's363milesfromtheGreatLakestotheAtlanticOcean.C．TheWestwasmoreadvancedthantheEastwhenthecanalwasbuilt.D．ManyotherstateshelpedNewYorkbuiltthecanal.A[推理推断题。通过比较文章其次段第2句中的“Itcost$7,143,789”和其次段最终一句中的“...thestatecollected$121,461,891”可推知此题答案为A。]4．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Clintonbrokegroundforthecanalatbothends.B．Clintonstartedbuildingthecanalbeforehebecamegovernor.C．Allpartsofthecanalwerecompletedatthesametime.D．Constructionofthecanaltookeightyears.D[推理推断题。依据文章最终一段第一句中的“...onJuly4,1817，brokegroundforthecanalinRome，N.Y.”和其次段第三句中的“Between1825，whenthecanalwasopened...”可推知此题答案为D。]BHaveyoueverpressedthepedestrianbuttonatacrosswalkandwonderedifitreallyworked？They'recalled“placebo(劝慰剂)buttons”—buttonsthatmechanicallysoundandcanbepushed，butprovidenofunctionality.InNewYorkCity，onlyabout100ofthe1,000crosswalkbuttonsactuallyfunction.Crosswalksignalsweregenerallyinstalledbeforetrafficjamhadreachedtoday'slevels.Butwhiletheirfunctionwastakenoverbymoreadvancedsystems—suchasautomatedlightsortrafficsensors—thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept，ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense.Othercities，suchasBoston，DallasandSeattle，havegonethroughasimilarprocess，leavingthemwiththeirownplacebopedestrianbuttons.InLondon，whichhas6,000trafficsignals，pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.“Wedohavesomecrossingswherethegreenlightcomesonautomatically，butwestillaskpeopletopressthebuttonbecausethatenablesaccessiblefeatures，”saidGlynnBarton，directorofnetworkmanagementatTransportforLondon.Thesefeatures，suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals，helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.Asforthelights，agrowingnumberofthemarenowcombinedandbecomeapartofanelectronicsystemthatdetectstrafficandadjuststimefrequencyaccordingly(givingprioritytobusesifthey'rerunninglate，forexample)，whichmeansthatpressingthebuttonhasnoeffect.AccordingtoLanger，aHarvardpsychologist，placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(错觉)ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.Inthecaseofpedestriancrossings，theymayevenmakeussaferbyforcingustopayattentiontooursurroundings.“Theyserveapsychologicalpurposeattheveryleast，”sheadded.【语篇解读】人行道上的“行人”按钮以及电梯里的“关门”按钮，你怀疑过它们的效果吗？本文说明白这些被称为“劝慰剂按钮”存在的缘由。5．Whyarethephysicalbuttonsstillkeptinsomecities?A．Becauseitmaycostmoneytoreplacethem.B．Becausetheyremainasmemoriesofacity.C．Becausedohaverealfunctionsintraffic.D．Becausetheycanresultinreliablelights.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept，ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense”可知，这些按钮没有替换掉是因为换掉它们花费的成本更多。故选A。]6．Whichofthefollowingwordcanreplacetheunderlineword“features”inParagraph4?A．Functions. B．Uses.C．Equipment. D．Facilities.D[词义揣测题。依据第五段中“Thesefeatures，suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals，helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.(这些设施，如盲道和可听到的交通信号，帮助有视觉障碍的人过公路，只有按下按钮才能发挥作用。)”可推知，第四段中划线词的意思是“设施”。故选D。]7．Ifyoupresseda“placebobutton”inLondon，whatwouldhappen?A．Alltrafficwouldbeaffected.B．Somekindofsoundmightappear.C．Pedestrianscamefirsttocrosstheroad.D．“Greenman”wereboundtoshowupearlier.B[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“InLondon，whichhas6,000trafficsignals，pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.”可知，假如你在伦敦按下“劝慰剂按钮”，可能会出现某种声音。故选B。]8．Whatcanweknowabout“placebobuttons”fromLanger'swords?A．Theycanreallycontroltraffic.B．Theyservelittlefunctions.C．Theymayworkmentally.D．Theycanhelptheblind.C[推理推断题。依据最终一段中“AccordingtoLanger，aHarvardpsychologist，placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(错觉)ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.”可知从Langer的话中，我们可知“placebobuttons”给我们被限制的错觉，因此推断它对我们的心理可能造成影响。故选C。]Ⅱ.概要写作阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Everysummer，hundredsofthousandsofstudentstraveltoothercountrieslookingforworkandadventure.Mostoftheopportunitiesareinseasonalwork，mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.Thepayisusuallypoor，butmostpeopleworkabroadforthethrilloftravel.YoucanpickgrapesinFrance，workonafamilycampsite，entertainkidsonAmericansummercamps，andofcourse，therearealwaysjobsinhotelsandrestaurants.Butitisnotaseasyasitusedtobetofindwork.“Unlessyouspeakthelanguageofthecountry，therewillbeveryfewopenings.”saysAntheaEllis，anadviseronvacationworkforstudents.“IfyouworkasanannywithafamilyinItaly，thenofcourseyou'llhavetospeakItalian.WhenyouarrivetowashdishesinarestaurantinParis，theownerwillexpectyoutospeakFrench.”Noteveryoneenjoystheexperience.SarahJameswasanassistantresponsibleforasummercampgroupoffortyAmericachildreninEurope.Onechildlosthispassport；anotherbecameseriouslyillandwasflownhome；fourchildrenwerelostinMadridforawholeday；thewholegroupwasthrownoutofonehotelbecauseofthenoisetheymade.“Ididvisitalotofnewplaces，”shesays，“butitwasn'tworthit.Thepaywasawfulandreallywasa24­hour­a­dayjob.Thekidsneverslept！”“Thetroubleis，studentsexpecttohaveaneasytimeofit，”AntheaEllispointsout.“Afterall，theyseeitasaholiday.Inpractice，though，youhavetoworkhard.Atthesametime，allvacationworkiscasualwork.You'llhaveajobwhenthehotel，therestaurant，orthecampsiteisbusyandyouhavefewemploymentrights.Assoonastheholidayseasonfinished，they'llgetridofyou.Ifyoudon'tworkhard，orifyouremployerdoesn'tlikeyou，you'llgetfired.”