2024-2025学年高中英语Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修5

PAGE1-SectionⅡGrammar——被动语态课前自主预[例句·体验]1．SomeprepositionsareomittedinAmericanEnglish.在美式英语中，一些介词被省略了。2．Sofar,themoonhasbeenvisitedbymanalready.到目前为止，月球已被人类到访过了。3．AtalkonChinesehistorywillbegivenintheschoolhallnextweek.下周，一场关于中国历史的讲座将在学校礼堂实行。4．Alotofthingsarebeingdonebythedoctorstosavethelittlegirlnow.现在医生们在用完一切方法救治那个小女孩。5．Themonkeywasseentojumpoffthetreejustnow.刚才那只猴子被看到从树上跳了下来。6．Howmanytreeshadbeenplantedbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底，已经种了多少棵树？7．Anicepicturewasbeingdrawnforourteacheratthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候，正在为我们老师画一幅美丽的画。8．Wasthecitybuiltin1880?这座城市被建于1880年吗？9．Willthefoodbesenttothehomelesstomorrow?明天这些食物会被送给无家可归者吗？10．Hasthegirlbeenallowedtogooutaloneatnightyet?那个女孩已被允许晚上独自外出了吗？课堂合作探究[语法·讲座]一、被动语态概述构成助动词be＋动词的过去分词(be动词有人称、数和时态的改变)用法(1)不知道动作的执行者或者没必要、不情愿或不便说出动作的执行者时(2)强调或突出动作的承受者或事务本身时①Hisbicyclewasstolenyesterday.他的自行车昨天被人偷了。②Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。③Somebabiesarebeinglookedafterbymymother.一些婴儿正由我母亲照看。名师点津在被动语态中，常常带有“by＋动作执行者”，by在此译为“被，由”。二、各种时态的被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时will/shallbedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone过去将来时wouldbedone①Englishisspokeninmanycountries.许多国家说英语。②Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。③Theconstructionofthenewlabwillbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.新试验室将会在下个月底前完工。④Thesemagazineswillnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.不准把这些杂志带出阅览室。⑤Hastheyoungmanbeaskedtodosuchheavywork?让这个年轻人做这样繁重的工作了吗？⑥Wherewasthetextbookput？课本放在哪儿了？⑦TheworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIcamehere.我来到这儿之前，这项工作已经完成了。⑧Hetoldmethatthosetreeswouldbemovedtothepark.他告知我，那些树将被移到公园去。名师点津被动语态的否定形式是在助动词后面加not；其疑问句形式是把助动词放在主语的前面。三、被动语态的特别形式1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。①Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.应当教给她如何操作电脑。2.“get/remain＋动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。②Thepatientgetstreatedonceaweek.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。四、主动形式表达被动含义1.动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fail,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点。①Thedishtastesdelicious.这道菜尝起来美味极了。2.表示起先、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,open,stop,move等，用主动形式表达被动含义。②Theshopopensat8：00everyday.商店每天八点起先营业。3．表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read,write,sell,wash,lock等，用主动形式表达被动含义。③Thenewbooksellswell.这本新书销路很好。五、主动语态变成被动语态1.将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的改变来表达出不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。①Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.老师让他回答问题。(变成被动语态)＝Hewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特别疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。②Willthedoctoroperateonthepatient?医生将给病人动手术吗？(变成被动语态)＝Willthepatientbeoperatedonbythedoctor?③Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态)＝Wherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?3.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，干脆宾语(物)保持不变；二是将干脆宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。④Hetoldusastory.他给我们讲了一个故事。(变成被动语态)＝Weweretoldastorybyhim.＝Astorywastoldtousbyhim.⑤Hermotherboughtheracomputer.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。(变成被动语态)＝Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.＝Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.4.若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。⑥Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她将会照看好这些孩子。(变成被动语态)＝Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.5.let，make等使役动词和see，watch，feel，notice，hear等感官动词用于被动语态时，若其后接动词不定式作补足语，这时要用带to的不定式。⑦IhearClass7singtheEnglishsongeveryday.每天我都听到7班唱这首英文歌。(变成被动语态)＝TheEnglishsongisheardtosingeverydaybyme.[课堂·总结演练]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey________(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.答案：havebeengiven2．—Whatdoyouthinkofthespeech?—Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworth________(listen)to.答案：listening3．Perhapsmostofthework________(do)bythistimetomorrow.答案：willhavebeendone4．Intimesofeconomicdownturn,children________(warn)nottofollowthefashion.答案：werewarned5．Peoplewerenotallowedtoenterthereadingroombecauseit________(paint)．答案：wasbeingpainted6．Weknewthatwe________(give)ourbooksthenextday.答案：wouldbegiven7．Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.答案：isbeingbuilt8．Thesurfaceofthetable________(notfeel)smoothenough.答案：doesn'tfeel9．It________(notdecide)whethershewillgetherworkinthecompany.答案：hasn'tbeendecided10．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium________(complete)inShanghai.答案：hadbeencompletedⅡ单句改错1．Whatthegirlstudenthassaidissoundedtrue._________________________________________________________________答案：issounded→sounds2．Thelockislockedeasily._________________________________________________________________答案：islocked→locks3．Themeeting­roomneedsbeingcleaned._________________________________________________________________答案：beingcleaned→cleaning/tobecleaned4．Thebooksinthebookshopareworthbeingread._________________________________________________________________答案：beingread→reading5．Theflowersweresolovelythattheywereselloutinnotime._________________________________________________________________答案：sell→sold演练通关提升[夯实·基础学问]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.答案：hadbeentrapped2．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan________(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.答案：hadbeencarried3．Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.答案：isbeingrepaired4．Thestudents________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs,becausetheyneed________(repair)．答案：aretold;repairing/toberepaired5．Howmanytrees________(plant)inyourschooleveryyear?答案：areplanted6．Jane________(dress)inbluejeansandapinkshirtlastweek.答案：wasdressed7．Thiskindofapple________(sell)well.答案：sells8．Amedicalteam________(send)totheworst­hitdisasterareatomorrow.答案：willbesent9．Thecomputercontestmay________(hold)nextweekintime.答案：beheld10．—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.—Iamsorry,butit________(reserve)already.答案：hasbeenreservedⅡ单句改错1．ThewaterwasfeltcoolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉was2．Yourpeniswrittenquitesmoothly._________________________________________________________________答案：iswritten→writes3．Theproblemrequiresbeingstudyingwithcare._________________________________________________________________答案：beingstudying→studying/tobestudied4．Thequestionisworthbeingdiscussedagainandagain._________________________________________________________________答案：beingdiscussed→discussing5．TwoEnglishbookshasbeenlearnedbytheendoflastterm._________________________________________________________________答案：has→hadⅢ单句写作1．明年我们学校要建立一座新的教学楼。Anewteachingbuilding____________inourschoolnextyear.答案：willbebuilt2．在你离开教室之前，应当关上门和窗户。Beforeyouleavetheclassroom，thedoorandwindows____________________.答案：shouldbeclosed3．到现在为止全部的工作都已经做完了。Alltheworkbynow____________________.答案：hasbeenfinished4．我们都知道，学校的一切规章都必需遵守。Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____________________.答案：mustbekept/obeyed5．那边有一群人，去看看在卖什么。There'sacrowdofpeopleoverthere.Goandseewhat______________.答案：isbeingsold[提升·实战实力]Ⅳ阅读理解Thesunwassettingandthefarmwouldbeclosing.Idressedourthreedaughtersquicklyasmyhusbandstartedthevan.CuttingdownourownChristmastreehadbeenafamilytradition.Asourfamilygrew,sodidourexcitementforgoingouttofindtheperfecttree.Aswewalkedthroughtherowsoftrees,myyoungestdaughterKimberlyshoutedexcitedly,“Thereitis,theperfecttree！”Theothertwoagreed.MyhusbandandIlookedateachotherpuzzled.Weweresurprisedthegirlsthoughtthatstraggly(凌乱的)littletreewasperfect.Itsbranchesweremisshappen(畸形的)andthetrunkwasvisiblethroughthespotswheretherewerenopineneedles.Wetriedtopersuadeourdaughtersintochangingtheirminds,butinvain.Wehadtotiethesadlittletreetotheroofofourvanandheadedhome.Aswereachedourhouse,Heatherjumpedoutfirst.Suddenlysheshouted,“Thetreeisn'tthere！”Wethoughtshewaskidding.However,itwasn'tthere.Thegirlsweresodisappointed.“We'llgetanothertreetomorrow，”Isaid,secretlyhopingthenewtreewouldbeprettier.Butthegirlsgaveusthelookthatnoparentcanresist.Wehadnochoicebuttogobackandfindthattree.Aboutfiveminutesintoourdrive,wesawitonthesideoftheroad.Aswegotcloser,wefoundithadbeenrunoverbyatruck.Asweliftedthetree,wesawthatabigpartwasrippedoff,butwetookithomeanyway.Thatnight,aswedecoratedourtree,somethingmagicalhappened.Wedidn'trealizeitatthetimebutweweremakingaveryspecialfamilymemory.Bythetimeweweredone,Ihadtoadmit,itdidn'tlooksadafterall.“Thisisthebesttreeweeverhad.It'sperfect！”myseconddaughterSamanthasaidexcitedly.MyhusbandandIcouldn'thaveagreedmore!Nowwealwaysrecallthatlittlebrokentree!Yearbyyear,wetellthestoryofthatveryspecialChristmasalmosttwenty­fiveyearsago.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述二十五年前的圣诞节，作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮成美丽的圣诞树。尽管时间消逝，但作者一家人对那棵树还是津津乐道，常常想起那棵树。1．Whowasthefirsttofindthetreewasmissing?A．Theyoungestdaughter.B．Theseconddaughter.C．Theoldestdaughter.D．Theauthor'shusband.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Idressedourthreedaughters”，其次段中的“myyoungestdaughterKimberly”，第三段中的“Aswereachedourhouse,Heatherjumpedoutfirst.”及第六段中的“myseconddaughterSamanthasaidexcitedly”可知，作者的大女儿发觉车顶上的松树不见了，故选C。2．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhearingthetreewasmissing?A．Pleased. B．Depressed.C．Disappointed. D．Worried.答案：A推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Weweresurprisedthegirlsthoughtthatstraggly(凌乱的)littletreewasperfect.”以及第四段中的“‘We'llgetanothertreetomorrow，’Isaid,secretlyhopingthenewtreewouldbeprettier.”可知，作者和丈夫一起先就不觉得那棵松树好看，直到发觉那棵树不见了，作者暗自窃喜，她希望新找的树会好看一点，故选A。3．Whatdoweknowaboutthefamilyfromthepassage?A．TheytookturnstellingstoriesatChristmas.B．Theyspentawholenightdecoratingthetree.C．Theyallfeltsatisfiedwiththetreeatfirstsight.D．Theyturnedthetreeintoanunforgettableone.答案：D推理推断题。依据第六段中的“Wedidn'trealizeitatthetimebutweweremakingaveryspecialfamilymemory.”及最终一段中的“Yearbyyear,wetellthestoryofthatveryspecialChristmasalmosttwenty­fiveyearsago.”可知，一家人把那棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮一新，其乐融融，以至于这成了二十五年来大家难以忘怀、津津乐道的一件事情，故选D。4．Whichisthebesttitleofthistext?A．APerfectChristmasDayB．TheSadLittleTreeC．AMagicalChristmasTaleD．OurFamilyTraditionatChristmas答案：B标题推断题。文章主要讲解并描述二十五年前的圣诞节，作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮成美丽的圣诞树的故事。再依据第三段中的“Wehadtotiethesadlittletreetotheroofofourvanandheadedhome.”和最终一段中的“Nowwealwaysrecallthatlittlebrokentree！”可知，B项最适合作为文章标题，故选B。Ⅴ七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manystudentshavetolivewithroommateswhilegoingtoschooloruniversity.Havingaroommatecanbeoneofthebestexperiences,oreasilyoneoftheworst.__1__Followthesefivetipstoavoidthecommonmistakesthatmakegoodroommaterelationshipsworse.Talkthingsout.__2__Ifsomethinghappens,sitdownwithyourroommatesandhaveaface­to­faceconversation.Complainingaboutyourroommatesbehindtheirbackscreatesnothingbutawkwardsituationsandgeneralunhappiness.__3__Someroommatesbecomethebestoffriends,andsomedon't.Don'tputpressureonyourselforyourroommatetoreachthislevel,especiallywhenyoufirstmeet.Remember,youaretryingtomakeanewfriend,notscareyourroommateaway.Andifyourroommatedoesn'tendupbeingyourbestfriend,thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit.Cleanupafteryourself.Oratleast,keepyourmessonyourside.__4__Butbeingconsideratewithwhereyouputyourownstuffwillhelpyouavoidthearguments.Askbeforeyoutake.Thisappliestofood,clothes,suppliesandanythingelsethatyoudon'town.__5__Evenifyoubothagreetoshareeverythingyoushouldstillask.A．Don'texpecttobebestfriends.B．Communicationisofvitalimportance.C．Youdon'tneedtokeeptheroomcleanandorganizedallthetime.D．Roomscanbereallyeasyforamesstopileup.E．Ifyouwanttohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourroommate,itallstartswithyou.F．Notallroommatescanbecomeyourbestfriends.G．Showyourroommatethatyouhaverespectforhisorherbelongings.eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条与室友保持融洽关系的建议。)1．E依据第1空后文“Followthesefivetipstoavoidthecommonmistakesthatmakegoodroommaterelationshipsworse.”可知，这里是介绍如何与自己的室友相处好的一些建议，而E项(假如你想要与你的室友有一个良好的关系，这一切都要从你起先。)承上启下，符合语境，故选E。2．B依据小标题“Talkthingsout.”可知，当发生什么事情的时候相互之间沟通是很重要的，而B项(沟通是很重要的。)符合语境，故选B。3．A依据第3空后一句可知，有些室友成为了好挚友，但是有些却成不了好挚友，所以A项(不要期望每个室友都能成为最好的挚友。)符合语境，故选A。4．C依据第4空后的“Butbeingconsideratewithwhereyouputyourownstuff...”可知C项所述与前后文在语境和逻辑上均一样，故选C。5．G本段主要描述不要轻易拿室友的个人物品，G项所述符合前后语境，故选G