2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解5篇章结构题学案新人教版

PAGEPAGE15.篇章结构题A(2024·东北三校模拟)话题：生态旅游难度：★★建议用时：7分AccordingtotheInternationalEcotourismSociety，eco­travelis“responsibletraveltonaturalareasthatprotectstheenvironment，maintainsthewell­beingsandinvolveseducation”．Eco­travelisontherise，asmoreandmorepeoplebecomeconsciousabouttheircarbonfootprint.ExpertfromBoundlessJourneys，MattHolmes，whoworksontravelexperiencestowardsconservingareassaid，“Asscientistsandnon­scientistslearnmoreabouthowwehumanbeingsareimpactingtheplanet，Ithinkmorepeoplewanttodowhattheycanwhilestillexploringtheworld.Ourguestsaredefinitelyinterestedinthataspectofourjourneys.TravelerscanfarmtheirownfoodinItaly，managingtheiruseofwaterandusingsolarorwindpower.Theycanalsovisitafamily­runcampthatcaresforretiredloggingelephantsinMyanmar，knowaparkentryfeegoestoaconservationorganizationinCostaRica，employandtrainmembersofthelocalcommunityorpartnerwithaprotectiongroup.Therearelotsofoptionsforseekingoutgreenerholiday.”Mostpeoplebelievethateco­travelisexpensiveanditistrue.Mattexplained“Anti­poachingpatrols(反猎捕小队)needtobepaid，solarenergyequipmentcostsalottoinstall，buildingwithenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsismoreexpensiveandsoon.Theextracostisnecessary，asyou’repayingtominimizeyourfootprintandprotecttheplacesyouvisit，whichisexactlywhateco­travelisabout.Thefinancialsuccessandsustainability(可持续性)ofaneco­focusedoperationdoesn’tcomefromthinair.”Theindustryistryingtomakeeco­travelaffordableandmakeitaccessibletothecommonpeople.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了生态旅游的意义、影响以及将来的发展方向。)1．Whatisthepositiveinfluenceofeco­friendlytravel?A．Itenablestravelerstoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletraveling.B．Itkeepshumanbeingshealthyandhappyinafriendlyatmosphere.C．Itteachesustoberesponsibleforthedevelopmentofeconomy.D．Itofferssomevaluableeducationabouttheknowledgeofgardening.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段“AccordingtotheInternationalEcotourismSociety，eco­travelis‘responsibletraveltonaturalareasthatprotectstheenvironment，maintainsthewell­beingsandinvolveseducation’．”可知，环保旅游的主动影响是它使旅行者在旅行时爱护环境，故选A。2．AccordingtoMattHolmes，travelerswillbeinterestedin.A．eatingdeliciousfoodinItalyB．visitingelephantsinthezooC．workingtogetherwithaprotectiongroupD．raisingparkentryfeeinCostaRica答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Ourguestsaredefinitelyinterestedinthataspectofourjourneys.”以及“employandtrainmembersofthelocalcommunityorpartnerwithaprotectiongroup.”可知据马特·福尔摩斯所说，旅行者将有爱好与一个爱护组织合作，故选C。3．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthenextparagraphofthepassage?A．Whyeco­travelisexpensive.B．Howwecanmakeeco­travellessexpensive.C．Whatmaterialsareusedineco­travel.D．Wherewecangoforeco­travel.答案B解析篇章结构题。依据最终一段最终一句“Theindustryistryingtomakeeco­travelaffordableandmakeitaccessibletothecommonpeople.”可推断出，接下来会谈论如何降低生态旅游的成本，故选B。B(2024·江苏如皋模拟)话题：彩虹色的作用难度：★★★建议用时：8分Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden，right?Well，sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators(捕食者)，whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.ThosesurprisingresultsappearinthejournalScientificReports.Shiningiridescentcolor，whichchangesdependingontheanglefromwhichit’sviewed，isfavoredbyeverythingfrombirdstobeetlesandblossomstobutterflies.“Andinourresearchgroupweareofcourseinterestedinwhythisvividmetalliccolorissowidespreadinnature.”KarinKjernsmooftheUniversityofBristoladdsthatinsomecasestheshowysplashesoflightareasexualstrategy.“HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies，particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄两性)，suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes，theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.Forexample，inmanyofthesecasesitisthemalesthathavethesevividiridescentcolorsandtheyusetheminmatechoiceortheyusethemasasignaltoattractmates.”Butiridescencealsoshowsupinsituationswherereproductionisnotanissue.“Sowhatwearestudyingnowiswhethernaturalselectionimposedbypredation(捕食行为)couldexplaintheoccurrenceofiridescenceinpreyanimals.”Theideathateye­catchingcolorscouldbeusedasacover­upisn’tanewone.“Thefatherofcamouflagetheory，AbbottThayer，reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealing—ColorationintheAnimalKingdom，alreadyin1909，that‘brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal’sconcealment’．Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay，becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal’sconcealment？”“Inasimilarway，wewereaskingwhetheriridescence，duetoitschangeability，couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition.”Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircleoranoval—withasugarreward.Andtheyfoundthatthebees，whengivenachoice，wouldpreferentiallyvisittheshapetheyknewtobesweet.Butwhentheshapeswereiridescent，thebeeshadtroubletellingthemapart.“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets，whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”Asformakinguseofthismethodforhidinginplainsight，“Anypracticalapplicationsisofcoursedirectlylinkedtoanyindustrythathasaninterestincamouflage，thatishowtoconcealobjectsormakethemmoredifficulttorecognize.”Theresearchersarecurrentlyconductingexperimentswithbirds，whichoftenpreyoniridescentinsectstoseeifithelpstohaveabird’seyeview.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇科普文。主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。)4．Accordingtothepassage，iridescenceisnotmadeuseofbyanimalsto.A．livealittlelongerbyescapingtheirpredators.B．catchtheattentionoftheirmatesC．concealthemselveswhenindangerD．catchsightofmorecolorfulpreys答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段内容可知，彩虹色被动物用来逃离捕食者而活得更久，解除A；依据第三段内容可知，动物用彩虹色引起同伴的留意，解除B；依据倒数其次段内容解除C，故选D。5．Fromthestudyinthelastparagraph，wecanlearnthat.A．beescanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenacircleandanovalB．beesarecreaturesthatarefascinatedbysweetthingsthatareiridescentC．ifacircle，withasugarreward，isiridescent，thebeesmayhavedifficultyfindingitD．beesarelikelytoprefercirclestoovals，whethertheyareiridescentornot答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第五句“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets，whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”可知选C。6．Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A．Whetherthereareanydifferencesbetweenbeesandbirds.B．Someindustriesthathavegreatinterestincamouflage.C．Whybirdsarenotaffectedbyiridescentinsects.D．Whichcamouflagetheoryappliesmoretobirds.答案C解析篇章结构题。文章最终一句说探讨人员目前正在对鸟类进行试验，这些鸟类的饮食中常常含有彩虹色的昆虫。试验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能供应帮助。由此推断，接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。7．Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AFamousCamouflageStrategyB．MetallicIridescentastheBestDisguiseC．ColorsUniquetoAnimalsD．ShiningColorsasaSexualStrategy答案B解析标题归纳题。第一段其次句“Well，sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators(捕食者)，whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”是全文的主题句，再结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故B项作标题最佳。C(2024·宁夏银川一中二模)话题：竞技啦啦队难度：★★★建议用时：8分Overtheyears，cheerleadinghastakentwoprimaryforms：game­timecheerleadingandcompetitivecheerleading.Game­timecheerleaders’maingoalistoentertainthecrowdandleadthemwithteamcheers，whichshouldnotbeconsideredasport.However，competitivecheerleadingismorethanaformofentertainment.Itisreallyacompetitivesport.Competitivecheerleadingincludeslotsofphysicalactivity.Themajorityoftheteamsrequireacertainleveloftumbling(翻腾)ability.It’saverycommonthingforgymnasts，soit’seasyforthemtogointocompetitivecheerleading.Usuallythesecheerleadersintegratelotsoftheirgymnasticsexperienceincludingtheirjumps，tumbling，andoverallenergy.Theyalsoperformliftsandthrows.Thisiswherethe“fliers”arethrownintheair，heldby“bases”indifferentpositionsthatrequirestrengthandworkingwithotherteammates.Competitivecheerleadingisalsoanactivitythatisgovernedbyrulesunderwhichawinnercanbedeclared.Itisawardedpointsfortechnique，creativityandsharpness.Usuallythemoredifficulttheactionis，thebetterthescoreis.That’swhycheerleadersaretryingtoexperiencegreatdifficultyintheirperformance.Besides，thereisalsoastrictruleoftime.Thewholeperformancehastobecompletedinlessthanthreeminutesandfifteenseconds，duringwhichthecheerleadersarerequiredtostaywithinacertainarea.Anyperformancebeyondthelimitoftimeisinvalid.Anotherreasonforthefactthatcompetitivecheerleadingisoneofthehardestsportsisthatithasmorereportedinjuries.Accordingtosomeresearch，competitivecheerleadingisthenumberonecauseofserioussportsinjuriestowomen.Emergencyroomvisitsforitarefivetimesthenumberthanforanyothersport，partiallybecausecheerleadersdon’tuseprotectiveequipment.Smilingcheerleadersarethrownintotheairandmovedownintothearmsoftheteammates，whichmayeasilycauseinjuries.Generally，theseinjuriesaffectallareasofthebody，includingwrists，shoulders，ankles，head，andneck.Therecanbenodoubtthatcompetitivecheerleadingisasportwithprofessionalskills.Hopefully，itwillappearintheOlympicssincecheerleadersarejustasathleticandphysicallyfitasthoseinvolvedinthemoreacceptedsports.Itshouldbenotedthatitisateamsportandeventhesmallestmistakemadebyoneteammatecanbringthescoreoftheentireteamdown.Sowithoutworkingtogethertoachievethegoal，firstplaceisoutofreach.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了竞技啦啦队是一项具有专业技能的运动，它包含的内容、技术难度以及要求的技能等，让我们对它有了一个全面的了解和相识。8．Whatisthemainpurposeofcompetitivecheerleading?A．Tocompareskillsofparticipants.B．Tomaketheaudiencefeelamused.C．Toattractmorepeopletowatchevents.D．Tocheerupthecompetitorsonthecourt.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句、其次段第一句及最终一段第一句“Therecanbenodoubtthatcompetitivecheerleadingisasportwithprofessionalskills.”可知，竞技啦啦队是一项竞争性强的、具有专业技能的运动。故选A。9．Theunderlinedword“integrate”inParagraph2probablymeans“”．A．examine B．combineC．identify D．replace答案B解析词义揣测题。依据语境可知，这些当过体操员的啦啦队队长会将他们的体操阅历融入、整合到啦啦队动作中，包括跳动、翻滚和整体力气。此处integrate指整合、融入，与combine同义，故选B。10．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatcompetitivecheerleading.A．lacksnecessaryguidelinestofollowB．enjoysgreaterpopularitythanothersportsC．requiresmoredesignedactionsthangymnasticsD．hasarelativelyhighrateofdamagetothebody答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段可知，竞技啦啦队很简单造成队员受伤，并且会造成身体多个部位的受伤。故选D。11．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub­point(次要点)C：Conclusion答案C解析篇章结构题。文章第一段是总体介绍竞技啦啦队，其次段介绍其包括的内容和标准，第三、四段介绍其规则，第五段介绍竞技啦啦队受伤率很高，最终一段得出结论：竞技啦啦队是一项专业技能的运动。属于总分总结构，故选C。D(2024·北京朝阳区一模)话题：儿童护理难度：★★★建议用时：8分EarlyorLaterDayCareManyyoungparentsareconfusedaboutwhethertheirchildrenshouldhaveearlydaycare，andtherehavealwaysbeendifferentviewsonthissubject.TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbybelievesthatseparationfromparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandleadtopsychologicalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforethreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitcauses，andmanypeopledobelievethis.AccordingtoBowlby，agreatdealofpsychologicalharmcanoccurwhenyoungchildrenareseparatedfromtheirparents.Iftheyareleftwithouttouchforawhile，theywillhaveahigherstresslevel.Parents’influenceontheirchildren’swell­beingmayneverbegreaterthanduringtheearliestyearsoflife，whenachild’sbrainisdevelopingrapidlyandwhennearlyallofherorhisexperiencesareshapedbyparentsandthefamilyenvironment.However，therearecritics.Someanthropologists(人类学家)pointoutthattheloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Therehasbeenalonghistoryofthefactthatfatherandmotherdidnotbringuptheirchildrenalone.Plato，around394BC，arguedthatasystemofearlychildcarewouldfreewomentoparticipateinsociety.ResultsfromIsraeliandDutchstudiesshowthatchild­raisingdutiesaremoreevenlydistributedamongabroadergroupofpeople.Besides，studieshavereportedthatearlydaycarehasaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.Theylearnthebenefitsofbeingsociallysmart，understandingtheconceptofsharingandcaring.Theypromoteconcentrationskills，whichisveryimportantintheirlearning.Therearegameswherechildrenaretaughtbasiclanguageandmathematicalskillsthroughstoriesandeverydayexamples.Commonsensetellsusthatearlydaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadifchildrenhadproblemswithit.ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatithasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadtomorementalillness15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong­termeffects，parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreedislikeleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreealmostallchildrenfinditeasytogotothenursery.Thematter，then，isfarfrombeingclearlyknown，thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlydaycareisreasonableforyoungchildren.语篇解读本文是一篇争论文，探讨了三岁之前的儿童是否应当被送去日间护理托儿所。文章分别介绍了支持与反对两种不同的观点，并具体说明白理由。12．Thepassagemainlyargueswhether.A．childrenoverthreeshouldacceptschooleducationB．childrenunderthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschoolsC．thefamilyrelationshipisdifferentintraditionalsocietiesD．earlydaycareshouldbetotallyreplacedinmodernsocieties答案B解析主旨大意题。依据文章第一段及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨了三岁之前的儿童是否应当被送去日间护理托儿所。故B项正确。13．WhichofthefollowingsupportsBowlby’stheory?A．Earlydaycarewouldn’tbesopopularifithadnegativeeffects.B．Separationfromparentsforyoungchildreniscommoninhistory.C．Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.D．Studiesshowearlydaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.答案C解析推理推断题。依据其次段第一句可知，约翰·鲍尔比认为三岁之前孩子与父母分开会给孩子的特性造成影响，并给孩子以后的生活带来精神方面的问题。而性格和精神方面的问题是很难处理的。故选C项。14．Theauthor’sattitudetowardsearlydaycareisthat.A．childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparentsB．ithaspotentialbenefitsforbothchildrenandparentsC．thebadeffectofitonchildrenwilldisappearastheygrowupD．itiscontroversialandthesettlementcallsfortheuseofstatistics答案D解析作者看法题。依据最终一段前两句可知，作者认为三岁之前送孩子去托儿所的影响是存在争议的，很难说这种做法是正确的还是错误的；再依据最终一段第三句可知，作者认为要依据具体的数据来分析这个问题。综上所述，选D项。15．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub­point(次要点)C：Conclusion答案B解析篇章结构题。本文是一篇争论文。第一段提出文章探讨的话题，也就是Introduction；其次、三段讲了英国精神分析专家约翰·鲍尔比反对三岁之前送孩子去托儿所的理由，也就是Point1；第四、五段是支持送孩子去托儿所的理由，也就是Point2；第四、五段是两个次要点，也就是Sp1和Sp2；文章最终一段作出了最终的结论。所以B项与文章的结构相吻合。故选B项。E话题：孩子说谎问题难度：★★★建议用时：8分Gettingyourchildrentostoplyingischallenging.Therearemanyinfluences(TV，movies，videogamesandsomegreatbooks)inwhichliesarecommon.Childrenseeparentslietoothers，ifonlytobepolite.MostparentsaddtothatwithtalesaboutthelivesandactivitiesofSantaClausortheToothFairy，ortoallayfears.(“Thiswillnothurt！”)Parentsdothisoutoflove，butforsomechildren，lyingcanbecomeaproblem.Themostcommonreactionstochildrenwholieareexplainingwhyitiswrongandpunishment.Butaswaysofchangingbehavior，theseareineffective.However，whatcountsistopraise.Youcouldaskyourchildtosaysomethingthathappenedatschoolthatistrue.Itisnotcriticalwhatthatis.Thisisaboutpractice.Whenyourchildcomplies，praisehimenthusiastically.Bespecific：“Thatwasgreat!YoutoldmewhathappenedjustlikeIasked.Wow！”andgiveyourchildahugorahighfive.Ifyourchildsayssomethingtrueinthecourseofherday，praisethatbehaviortoo.Aimforoneortwointeractionslikethisaday.Ifyouhappento“catch”yourchildinalie，bematter­of­factinyourdisapproval.Saysomethinglike，“Thatisnottrueandcouldgetyouintroubleoutsideofthehome;itisbettertosaythetruth.”Besides，youshouldsetagoodexampletoyour