虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句主句If.动词过去式(或were)would(should/could/might)+动词原形IfJohnhadthetime,hewouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句主句If1.should+动词原形2.动词过去式3.wereto+动词原形would(should/could/might)+动词原形Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth..Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句主句Ifhad+过去分词would(should/could/might)+have+过去分词IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.省掉if的条件从句结构：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,decide,ask,move,propose等+that…(should)+动词原形注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative,advisable,

动词原形(dosth)Itis(was)+important,

natural,necessary

+that…(should)+essential,strange,right等动词完成式(havedonesth)Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.注意：1.should+动词原形较少见，且should不能省略，其意为“(早)该干某事了”;2.与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构中be动词用was而不用were.It’stimeIwasinbed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)练习1.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.A.mustfinish

B.wouldbefinished

C.befinished

D.mustbefinished2.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.A.leave;for

B.leave;to

C.left;to

D.tobeleft;for3.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.A.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hasgone4.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbeset5.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____.A.can;it

B./;

/

C.would;it

D.may;

/6.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.A.for;to

B.that;be

C.which;shouldbe

D.to;being7.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.A.wouldbesent

B.shouldsend

C.besent

D.mustbesent8.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.A.willprotect

B.shouldprotect

C.shallprotect

D.areprotecting9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen10._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.Willtherebe

B.Shouldtherebe

C.Therewillbe

D.Thereshouldbe11._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.Wouldheleave

B.WasheleavingC.Werehetoleave

D.Ifheleave12.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.A.wouldbesaved

B.wouldhavebeensaved

C.willbesaved

D.hadbeensaved13.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.would

B.shouldhave

C.may

D.have14.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.A.Iam

B.Iwouldbe

C.Iwas

D.Iwere15.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn'tanyonmethen.A.wouldlend

B.wouldhavelent

C.couldlend

D.mayhavelent16.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.A.havecaught

B.hadcaught

C.couldhavecaught

D.weretocatch17.---"HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?"

---"No,butIwishI_____"A.have

B.will

C.do

D.had18.I'mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.A.Imayhavefailed

B.I'dfail

C.I'dhavefailed

D.I'llhavefailed19.---"Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?"

---"Idon'tknow,butit'shightime_____something."A.I'mdeciding

B.I'lldecide

C.Idecided

D.Idecide20.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?A.shouldsnow

B.wouldsnow

C.snow

D.willsnow21.IfonlyI_____mywatch!A.hadn'tlost

B.haven'tlost

C.didn'tlost

D.don'tlose22.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmake

B.mightnotmakeC.shouldn'thavemade

D.mightnothavemade23.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.