欧洲高温燃料电池SOC及其氢储能研究进展

欧洲高温燃料电池(SOC)及其氢储能研究进展CONTENTS•Motivation

and

current

SOC

R&D

in

Europe

欧洲研发现状简介•State-of-the-art

SOC

performance

(at

Forschungszentrum

Jü

lich)

于利希研究中心SOC性能•

Summaryt2ΔT

<2°C(Source:doi:10.2843/341510)t

3THE

EU

NEEDSADECARBONIZED

ENERGYSYSTEM~50%of

gap

can

beclosed

by

H2

CO2排放量

(Mt)

562Fuel

cells

(燃料电池):-Power

generation,

UPS

-

CHP-

FCV,APU,

RE-Marine,aviationElectrolyzers(电解

储能):-

PtG-

PtX-On-site

generationDifferenttypesoffuelcellsto

meetthe

demandsofdifferentapplicationsFCFCELTHE

HYDROGENSOCIETY

AND

FUELCELLTECHNOLOGYH2tFC4SOC:

38(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)(Based

on

doi:10.2843/701136)tFUEL

CELLSAND

HYDROGEN

JOINT

UNDERTAKING

(

FCH

JU)欧盟氢和燃料电池项目支持概况

(2008~2017)“

The

FCH

JU

made

it

a

priority

to

take

SOFCs

through

a

range

of

technology

readiness

levels(TRLs),from

researchto

beco

m

i

ng

a

co

m

me

rc

ia

lly

v

ia

ble

product.Theobjectiveswere

to

increase

their

longevityand

reduce

production

costs.”从研究到产品，重点是寿命和成本“

Initialworkfocusedonextendingthe

lifespanofSOFCs”“

The

next

research

objective

was

to

identify

ways

to

develop

SOFCs

,

from

functional

but

experimental

designs

in

the

laboratory,to

usingsemi-automatedmanufacturing

lines

.

”

从实验室论证产品

到半自动化生产(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)FCH

JU

FUNDING

ON

RESEARCH

FOR

STATIONARYAPPLICATION对固定式应用科研项目的支持概况材料系统组件生产制造(Source:doi:10.2843/701136)t衰减寿命诊断下一代技术就绪指数

t材料研发

Germany:04/2019

202064

100(Source:https://h2.live/en)202540020301000SOFC:

663PEM:

443(Source:http://enefield.eu/category/news/reports/)tGERMANY

STANDING

ON

THE

FRONTLINEHydrogen

refueling

stations

加氢站家用热电联供系统装机量JÜLICH’S

SOC

TECHNOLOGY(于利希研究中心)-

Anode-supportedcell

basedonan8YSZelectrolyteandYSZ/Ni

electrode

(fuel

cell

mode)-Metallic

planar

interconnector(Crofer22

APU,

Crofer22

H)-Robuststackdesignsforstationary

and

mobile

applications-Further

R&Dfocuson

next-generationstackdesigns

and

LT-SOFCSelected

Results:-Long-term

stability

in

fuel

cell

mode

燃料电池稳态运行-Thermal

cycling

ability

热循环性-Stability

in

electrolysis

mode

电解池稳定性-System

系统t8F1002-97,WPS

MnOx,

LSCC10,

ITM700°C0.5

Acm-2H2+20%H2O

uF

:

40%---

~0.2%/kh

-

-

-

-F1004-21,

PVD

GDC,

APS

MCF,

LCC12

~0.3%/kh

F1004-67,APS

MCF,

LSCFF10

DESIGN:STATIONARY

OPERATION

燃料电池稳态运行WPS

MnOx,

~~1.0%/kh

"---…

0.2%/kh

ASCcellswith

LSCFcathodetF1002-95,

LSC12mmSTACK

FOR

100,000h

OF

OPERATION

AT700°C(08.2007~01.2019)运行前t700°C

，运行十万小时后Initialsituation

Stack

poweris

inthe

range

of5to

10

kW

as

basic

module

size

for

biggersystems

Toavoidtoo

manystacks

inone

large

system,

the

powerofthe

basic

unit

must

be

increasedApproach

Useofstandardcellsize

to

reduce

risk

of

supply

Stackingof

100cellsor

more

is

necessary

Adaptationofmanifold

Sealingtechnology

Sub-stackconcept窗式设计增加有效面积，并避免对大

尺寸电池片的依赖性tSTACK

DESIGN:

F20

WINDOW

FRAME

DESIGNInterconnect

with

four

cells

(

10x

10cm²)

in

one

layerF20

DESIGN:

THERMAL

CYCLING

(200°

C~700°

C)

IN

FURNACE窗式电堆热循环性(电炉环境)2x5-layer

sub-stacksPerformance

at0.5

A/cm²0.5A/cm²负载下电压干燥氢气下开路电压tCSV

:

LIGHTWEIGHT

CASSETTE

DESIGN

更轻，更易工业化生产的电堆设计Designfeaturesto

improverobustnesst0.35A/cm²负载下电压Stack

isstill

running

…Furtherresultswill

be

presented

inSOFCXVI,

Kyoto,2019tCASSETTE

DESIGN:

THERMAL

CYCLING

(200°

C~700°

C)

IN

FURNACE干燥氢气下开路电压~20%

higher

ASR

at~800

°C

furnace

temperature

inSOE

mode(becauseofhighertemperature

inSOFC

mode

at

0.5

A/cm²

incombinationwith

higheractivationenergy)Comparable

performance

in

water

and

co-electrolysisREVERSIBILITY

可逆性ASR@~800°C/0.5A/cm²

:SOFC:

140mΩcm²SOEC:

165mΩcm²tTfurnaceQ.

Fang,C.

E.

Frey,

N.

H.

Menzler,

L.

Blum,JournalofThe

ElectrochemicalSociety,

165(2)

F38-F45

(2018)

t

16Totalvoltagedegradation

~0.6%/1000h,

mainlycaused

by

increase

in

ohmic

resistance.SOEC

STABILITY

电解水稳态运行Nidepletionattheelectrolyte/fuelelectrode

interfaceduring

SOEC

operationwas

the

maincauseofdegradation

inohmic

resistance镍在电极/电解质界面的偏移是电解水模式下主要的衰减现象NI

DEPLETIONAFTER

ELECTROLYSIS

OPERATIONStackafter~20,000hofSOECoperationmainly800°C,50%

H2O,50%steam

conversionStackafter~36,000hofSOFCoperation700°C,20%

H2O,40%

uftIntegrated

ModuleSystemdimensions:3.25x

1x

2.1

m³tControl

&dataacquisition20

KW

SYSTEM(2013)=

800

mV=

70%=

2.2=

500

°C=

630

°C=

700

°CUcuFS/CTrefTair,in

Tair,outnaturalgassteam

reforming>

20

kWel

<

800

°C>

40%Steamgeneration

&

heatrecoveryPDCTmax

ηel,netModule

1Module2

Module

3

Module

45

kW

StackSOE

with

H2O:-0.89

A/cm²@

1260

mV;uH2O

=

85%

14,9

kWDC

4,75

Nm³/h

H2

ηDC,net

=

70%(steam+

heatingelectrically)tIntegratedModuleSOFC

with

H2

:0.5

A/cm²@834

mV;uf

=

97%

5.33

kWDC

ηDC,net

=

62%5

KW

RSOC

PLANT

(2018-2019)Commissioningstarted

inNovember2018Fuel

off-gasrecirculation(incl.gascompressionto

70

bar)goalfor

LTη2

η3

η4R.

Peters,

R.

Deja,

L.

Blum,V.N.

Nguyen,Q.

Fang,

D.Stolten,Influenceofoperatingparametersonoverallsystemefficiencies

usingsolid

oxide

electrolysis

technology,InternationalJournalofHydrogen

Energy,40(2015)7103-7113.tElectrolysissystemwithcathoderecirculationEffectofheatsupplyonefficiency外部供热对系统效率的影响SUMMARY-

Adecarbonizedenergysystem

inthe

EU

needs

H2

energy-Electrolysiswith

renewableenergy

has

long-term

potentialfor

H2

productionandenergystorage-Germany

is

leading

the

fuel

cell

and

H2

activity

in

the

EU-The

EU’scurrentfocusonfuelcelland

H2

technology

isto

increase

the

TRL-SOCtechnologycan

bedemonstrated

inthe

laboratoryfromthe

cellto

system

level-Stable

performanceofSOCsdemonstratedatthestack

level

(up

to

kW)tAsagas

generator

(SOEC

mode):-Lowerelectricalenergydemandhigherelectricalefficiency

(with

external

heatsupply)-CO2

electrolysisorco-electrolysis

possibleReversible

mode(rSOC)-2-in-1system-Increasedapplication

flexibilityAsa

powergenerator(SOFC

mode):-Highestconversion

efficiency-No

precious

metals

necessary-High

w