2025网络赋能工程需求框架

RequirementsFrameworkforCyber-InformedEngineering

2IdahoNational

2IdahoNationalCyber-InformedEngineering(CIE)ProgramactivitiesaresponsoredbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’sOfficeofCybersecurity,EnergySecurity,andEmergencyResponse(DOECESER)andperformedbyIdahoNationalLaboratoryandtheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.

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致谢 RequirementsScopingand

Intended Primary Secondary Document RequirementsScopingand Writing Modeling

Intended CIERequirementsScopingand and验 PagePAGE10of Model

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ExecutiveInanerawherecyberthreatsareincreasinglysophisticatedandpervasive,traditionalengineeringpracticesmustevolvetointegratecybersecurityconsiderationsfromtheoutset.CyberInformedEngineering(CIE)addressesthisneedbyembeddingcybersecurityprinciplesintotheengineeringlifecycle,ensuringthatsystemsaredesignedtobesecureandresilientagainstpotentialcyber-attacks.ThispaperaimstodevelopacomprehensiverequirementsframeworkforCIE,detailinghowtraditionalrequirementsengineeringprocessescanbecustomizedtoincorporatekeyCIEprinciples.Thegoalistoprovideastructuredapproachthatorganizationscanusetoensurethatcybersecurityisanintegralpartoftheirsystemdesignandimplementationprocesses.Theframeworkisdevelopedthroughanin-depthexplorationoftherequirementsengineeringprocess,includingrequirementselicitation,specification,validation,andmanagement.Eachstageistailoredtoaddresscybersecurityconcernsbyintegratingactivitiessuchasformalreviews,prototyping,andmodelchecking.Specifictechniquesforeliciting,writing,modeling,reviewing,andvalidatingrequirementsaredetailed,withafocusonquantifyingthefeasibilityofimplementingCIEprinciples.Byintegratingcybersecurityconsiderationsintotherequirementsengineeringprocess,theproposedframeworkensuresthatsecurityisnotanafterthoughtbutafundamentalcomponentofsystemdesign.Thisapproachenhancestheresilienceandsecurityofengineeredsystems,helpingorganizationsproactivelymitigatecyberthreatsandreduceambiguity.Theframeworkservesasavaluabletoolforengineersandcybersecurityprofessionals,providingasystematicwaytoembedrobustsecuritypracticesintotheengineeringlifecycle.ThisworkwasauthoredbytheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory,operatedbyAllianceforSustainableEnergyLLC,fortheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyunderContractNo.DE-AC36-08GO28308,andbyIdahoNationalLaboratory,operatedbyBattelleEnergyAllianceLLC,fortheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyunderDOEIdahoOperationsOfficeContractDE-AC07-05ID14517.FundingprovidedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyOfficeofCybersecurity,EnergySecurity,andEmergencyResponse.TheviewsexpressedinthearticledonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheDOEortheU.S.Government.TheU.S.Governmentretainsandthepublisher,byacceptingthearticleforpublication,acknowledgesthattheU.S.Governmentretainsanonexclusive,paid-up,irrevocable,worldwidelicensetopublishorreproducethepublishedformofthiswork,orallowotherstodoso,forU.S.Governmentpurposes.

网络知情工程（CIE）通过将网络安全原则嵌入工程生命周期，解决了这一需求，确保系统被DE‑AC36‑08GO28308为美国能源部工作，并由爱达荷国家实验室撰写，该实验室由贝特DE‑AC07‑05ID14517为ListofFigure1:Purelinearmodel Figure2:Linearwithiterationsbetweenactivitiesmodel Figure3:Iterativerequirementmodel Figure4:Effectiverequirementengineeringprocessmodel Figure5:Requirementframeworkfor

1[24]3[26]5：CIE11Intoday'sinterconnecteddigitallandscape,cybersecurityisnotjustatechnicalnecessitybutafoundationalelementofmodernengineering.Thefrequencyandsophisticationofcyber-attacksareincreasing,posingsignificantthreatstocriticalinfrastructure,enterprises,andindividualusers.Traditionalengineeringpracticesoftenconsidersecurityasanadd-on,leadingtosystemsthatareinherentlyvulnerabletocyberthreats.CyberInformedEngineering(CIE)isatransformativeapproachthatmitigatescybersecuritychallengesthroughengineeringmeansthroughoutthesystemengineeringlifecycle,ensuringthatsystemsaredesignedwithsecurityandresilienceattheircore.Theneedforaproactiveapproachtocybersecurityhasneverbeenmoreurgent.Cyber-attackscanhavedevastatingconsequences,fromfinanciallossesandoperationaldisruptionstotheerosionofcustomertrustandeffectsonnationalsecurity.Despitethegrowingrecognitionoftheserisks,manyorganizationsstruggletointegratecybersecurityeffectivelyintotheirengineeringprocesses.WhileexistingguidessuchasCIEimplementationguideintegratecybersecurityintotheengineeringprocess,thereremainsagapinthepracticalimplementationofCIEprinciples.ManyengineeringteamslackastructuredframeworktoguidetheincorporationofCIEprinciplesthroughoutthedevelopmentlifecycle.Thisgapcancontributetosystemsthatarelessresilienttoevolvingcyberthreats,potentiallyincreasingtheriskoffinanciallosses,compromiseddataintegrity,andoperationaldisruptions.Addressingthisgapiscriticalforenhancingthesecurityandresilienceofengineeredsystems.ThepurposeofthispaperistoprovideadetailedandactionablerequirementsframeworkforincorporatingCIEprinciplesinthesystemengineeringlifecycle.Bysystematicallyembeddingcybersecurityprinciplesintoeachstageoftherequirementsengineeringprocess,thisframeworkaimstobridgethegapbetweentraditionalengineeringpracticesandthedemandsofmoderncybersecurity.Theimpactofthisdocumentisfar-reaching,offeringapracticalguidefororganizationsacrossvariousindustriestoenhancetheirsecuritypostureandmitigatetherisksposedbycyberthreats.Themethodologyemployedinthispaperinvolvesin-depthcustomizationofthetraditionalrequirementsengineeringprocesstoincorporateCIEprinciples.Thisincludesdetailedactivitiesforrequirementselicitation,specification,validation,andmanagement,eachtailoredtoaddressspecificcybersecurityconcerns.Techniquessuchasformalreviews,prototyping,andmodelcheckingareemployedtoensurethattherequirementsarebothpracticalandeffective.QuantifiablemetricsareintroducedtoassessthefeasibilityofimplementingCIEprinciples,providingaclearandmeasurableframeworkfororganizationstofollow.Chapter2describesrequirementengineeringprocess,requirementmodelsused,andbackgroundaboutcyber-informedengineering.Chapter3describestheintendedaudienceforthisframework.Chapter4describestherequirementsframeworkforcyber-informedengineering.Finally,Chapter5concludestherequirementframeworkpaper.

CIECIEThissectionprovidesbackgroundontherequirementsengineeringprocess,requirementmodelsinliterature,andanoverviewofCIE.ReadersfamiliarwithrequirementprocessesandCIEmayconsiderskippingthissection.RequirementsEngineeringRequirementsengineeringinvolvesseveralinterconnectedsteps,eachcriticaltothesuccessfuldevelopmentofaproject.REQUIREMENTSThegoalofthisstepistogathercomprehensiveinformationfromstakeholderstounderstandtheirneedsandconstraints.Thisprocessisachievedbyseveralapproachessuchas:Interviews:Theinterviewscanbeeitherstructuredorunstructured.Thestructuredinterviewsinvolvepredefinedquestionstoensureallaspectsarecoveredandunstructuredinterviewsinvolveopen-endeddiscussionstoexplorebroaderSurveys/Questionnaires:Thesurveys/questionnairesareusefulforbroaderreachtocollectdatafromalargernumberofusers.Workshops:Theworkshopsinvolvecollaborativesessionsforstakeholderstodiscussandbrainstormrequirements.Observation:TheobservationinvolvescontextualinquirytoobserveusersintheirDocumentanalysis:Thedocumentanalysisinvolvesreviewingthecurrentsystems,manuals,andbusinessprocesses.REQUIREMENTSSCOPINGANDThegoalofthisstepistoscope,prioritize,andresolveconflictsamonggatheredrequirements.ThisprocessisachievedbyClassifyingrequirements:Theclassificationofrequirementsinvolvescategorizingneedsbasedonbusinessrequirements[1],user/stakeholderrequirements[2],architecturalrequirements[3],structuralrequirements[4],behavioralrequirements[5],functionalrequirements(solution)[6],non-functionalrequirements(qualityofservice)[7],implementationrequirements[8],andregulatoryrequirements[9].Prioritization:Theprioritizationinvolvesranking[10]basedonMoSCoWmethod[11]ofMusthave,Shouldhave,Couldhave,andWon’thavethistime.SomeoftheotherprioritizationtechniquesareRanking,NumericalAssignments(Grouping),BubblesSortTechniques,HundredDollarMethod,AnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP),KanoAnalysis,FiveWhys,PrioritizationBasedonValue,Cost,andRisk,PairwisecomparisonConflictresolution:Theconflictresolutioninvolvesreconcilingpotentiallyincompatiblerequirementsthroughstakeholderdiscussions[12].

REQUIREMENTS需求分类：需求分类涉及根据业务需求[1],[2],架构需求[3],结构需求[4],行为需求[5],功能需求（解决方案）[6],非功能需求（服务质量）[7]实施需求[8],以及监管需求[9]MoSCoW方法[10]进行排序，即必须有、应该有、可以元法、层次分析法（AHP）、卡诺分析、五个为什么、基于价值、成本和风险的优先排序、REQUIREMENTSThegoalofthisstepistodocumenttherequirementsinaclearanddetailedmannertoensuretheyareunderstoodandagreeduponbyallstakeholders.ThisprocessisachievedbyWritingrequirements:Therequirementsshouldbewritteninacleanandpreciselanguageavoidingambiguity[13][14][15].Requirementsshouldalsobecapableofstandingaloneandnotcombinedsuchthattheycanbevalidatedindependently.Modelingrequirements:Therequirementscanbemodeledusingvariousmethods,likecreatingausecasediagramthatvisuallyrepresentsthesysteminteractionoradataflowdiagramthatillustratesdatamovementwithinthesystem[16][17].Reviewingandvalidating:Thisinvolvesregularstakeholdersreviewstoensurerequirementsarecorrectlycaptured[18].REQUIREMENTSThegoalofthisstepistoensurethatthedocumentedrequirementsareaccurate,complete,andfeasible.ThisprocessisachievedbyFormalreviews:Thisinvolvesstep-by-stepwalkthroughreviewoftherequirementsandinspectionsthroughdetailedexaminationoftherequirementsdocument.Prototyping:Theprototypinginvolveseitherhigh-fidelityprototypesthatareinteractivelow-fidelityprototypesthatinvolvessimplesketchesModelchecking:Themodelcheckingisaformalmathematicaltechniquetoensurethatrequirementsarelogicallysoundandimplementable[20].REQUIREMENTSThegoalofthisstepistomanagechangestotherequirementsandmaintaintheirconsistencythroughouttheprojectlifecycle.ThisprocessisachievedbyChangemanagement:Thechangemanagementinvolvesprocessessuchasformalchangerequestsforproposingchangesandimpactanalysistoassesstheimplicationsofchanges[21].Traceability:Thetraceabilityinvolvesusingarequirementstraceabilitymatrix(RTM)[22]tolinkrequirementstotheiroriginsandimplementation.Versioncontrol:Versioncontrolinvolvesdocumentingversionstomaintainversionsoftherequirementdocument[23].RequirementsEngineeringTherearemanyengineeringmodelsdescribedinliterature.Someofthemsuchasapurelinearmodel,linearwithiterationsbetweenactivitiesmodel,iterativerequirementmodel,andfinallyaneffectiverequirementengineeringprocessaredescribed.Thesemodelsarehelpfulinunderstandingthestepsintherequirementsprocess.

编写需求：需求应使用简洁和精确的语言编写，避免含糊不清[13][14][15]。需求或创建数据流图以说明系统内部的数据流动[16][17]。现的[20]。可追溯性：可追溯性涉及使用需求可追溯性矩阵（RTM）[22]将需求与其来源和实现 Figure1Puremodel Figure2LinearwithiterationsbetweenactivitiesmodelFigure3Iterativerequirementmodel

1 23 Figure4EffectiverequirementengineeringprocessmodelTable1SummaryoftheThepurelinearmodelisshowninFigure1.Thepurelinearmodelisasequentialapproachwhereeachphasemustbecompletedbeforethenextstepbegins.Thismodelisstraightforwardandeasytomanage,makingitsuitableforprojectswithwell-definedrequirementsthatareunlikelytoLinearwithThelinearwithiterationsbetweenactivitiesmodelisshowninFigure2.Thismodeldevelopsthesystemthroughrepeatedcycles(iterative)andinsmallerportionsatatime(incremental).Itallowsforpartialimplementationandsubsequentrefinement,makingiteasiertoadapttochangesinrequirements.TheiterativerequirementmodelisshowninFigure3.Thismodelisaflexible,iterativeapproachthatpromotescontinuousfeedbackandadaptiveplanning.Itemphasizescollaborationandcustomersatisfactionthroughthedeliveryofsmall,functionalincrementsoftheproduct.TheeffectiverequirementengineeringprocessmodelisshowninFigure4.Thismodelisarobustrequirementsengineeringmodelaimedatgeneratinghigh-qualityrequirementsforsoftwaredevelopment.Emphasizingindependentrequirementmanagementandplanningphases,itadoptsaniterativetoenhancebothinitialrequirementengineeringandsubsequentAsperthenationalcyber-informedengineeringstrategyoutlinedin[28],CIEisanemergingframeworkthatintegratessecuritycontrolsdirectlyintothedesignofsystemsfromthe

412迭代方法，促进持续反馈和适应性规划。 requirementmanagementandplanningphases,itadoptsaniterativeapproachtoenhancebothinitialrequirementengineeringandsubsequentmaintenance.根据[28],中概述的国家网络赋能工程战略，CIEbeginning.Itcombinesboththephysicsandmechanicsofengineeringwithdigitalprotectionstoenhancethesecurityofthenation'senergysystemsandothercriticalinfrastructures.Thisapproachtargetssystemswithdigitalconnectivity,monitoring,orprocesscontrol,ensuringtheyaresecurefromtheearlieststagesofdevelopment.Unliketraditionalmethods,whichoftenfocusonsecuringsystemsafterdeployment,CIEemphasizesproactivesecurityintegrationduringtheinitialdesignphase.Thisproactiveapproachensuresthatsecurityisinherentinthesystem'sfoundation,ratherthananafterthought.CIEachievesthisbyleveragingdesignchoicesandengineeringcontrolstoeithereliminateormitigatevulnerabilitiesthatcouldbeexploitedincyberattacks.CIEprinciplescontributetodeterminingthecriticalfunctionsthatthesystemdeliversandpreventingundesirableoutcomesthroughconsequence-drivendesign,usingengineeringcontrolstominimizevulnerabilities,safeguardingtheintegrityofvitaldatawithsecureinformationarchitecture,streamliningthedesignbyremovingunnecessaryelementstoachievedesignsimplification,establishingarobustsetofsystemdefensestoensureresilientlayereddefenses,andproactivelydefendingthesystemagainstthreatsthroughactivedefense.Additionally,thesystemcanhaveanimpactonothersystemsorbeimpactedbythem,whichrequiresinter-dependencyevaluation.Gainingaclearunderstandingofthepresenceandfunctioningofdigitalassetsensuresdigitalassetawareness,whileensuringthatsupplychainprovidersadheretosecuritystandardssupportscyber-securesupplychaincontrol.Converting’whatifs’into’evenifs’fostersplannedresilience,safeguardingtheknowledgeofthesystemtopreventitfromfallingintothewronghandsthroughengineeringinformationcontrol,andensuringthateveryone’sbehavioranddecisionsalignswiththeoverarchingsecuritygoalspromotesacybersecurity-awareculture.IntendedTherequirementsframeworkforCIEisdesignedtoassistandenhancetheexistingsystemengineeringlifecycle,nottocreateanewmethodologyfordevelopingrequirements.CIEleveragesestablishedengineeringprocessesandframeworks,integratingitsprinciplestohelpengineersandstakeholdersthinkcriticallyaboutthedigitalconsequencesoftheirdesignsandsystems.ByincorporatingCIE,thefocusisonimprovingthequalityofrequirementsthroughaconsequence-drivenapproach,ensuringthatengineeringsolutionsproactivelymitigatepotentialdigitalvulnerabilities.Thisway,CIEsupportsandstrengthensthetraditionalrequirementsprocesswithoutreinventingit.Theintendedaudiencefortheframeworkcanbeclassifiedintoprimaryandsecondaryaudience.PrimaryTheaudiencewhowillusethisframeworkthroughoutthesystemengineeringlifecyclefordevelopingasystemthatissecurebasedontheCIEprinciples.SystemEngineersandDevelopers:Professionalsinvolvedindesigningandbuildingsystemswhoneedtointegratecybersecuritymeasuresthroughoutthedevelopment

CIE最小化漏洞，通过安全的信息架构保护重要数据的完整性，通过移除不必要元素来简化设计以实现设计简化，建立一套强大的系统防御措施以确保弹性分层防御，并通过主动防御积极防御系统免受威胁。CIEProjectManagers:IndividualsoverseeingsystemdevelopmentprojectswhoneedtoensurethatcybersecurityisaprioritizedandintegratedcomponentoftheprojectlifeQualityAssuranceandTestingTeams:ProfessionalstaskedwithverifyingthattheimplementedsystemmeetsthespecifiedsecurityrequirementsandisresilienttocyberSecondaryTheaudiencewhowillbeconsultedbytheprimaryaudiencetosuccessfullybuildthesystemthroughouttheengineeringlifecycleinaccordancewithCIEprinciples.CybersecurityExperts:Specialistsresponsibleforidentifying,analyzing,andmitigatingcyberthreatswhocanprovideinsightsandvalidationforsecurityrequirements.Policymakers,RegulatoryOfficials,andComplianceOfficers:Personnelresponsibleforensuringthatsystemsmeetregulatory,andcompliancestandardsrelatedtoBusinessStakeholdersandExecutives:Decision-makerswhoneedtounderstandtheimportanceofembeddingcybersecurityintoengineeringpracticestoprotectorganizationalassetsandmaintaincustomertrust.AcademicandResearchCommunities:Scholarsandresearchersstudyingcybersecurityandengineeringmethodologieswhocanbenefitfromastructuredframeworkforintegratingcybersecurityprinciplesintosystemdesignanddevelopment.RequirementFrameworkforFigure5Requirementframeworkfor

CIE需求框架图5CIETherequirementframeworkforCIEisshowninFigure5.Theelicitation,scoping,anddeconflictingrequirementsareinitialstepsinformingrequirements.Therequirementsspecificationsaretheactualrequirementsthatwillbeusedinthesystemengineeringlifecycle.TherequirementsvalidationandmanagementareusedthroughoutthesystemengineeringlifecycletodevelopthesystemaccordingtotherequirementsspecifiedandlogalltherequirementRequirementsWhenusingCIE,therequirementselicitationphaseiscriticaltoensurethatwelookatarequirementintheroundandteaseoutalltheneedsforengineering-basedprotectionsandlayereddefenses.Thisstageensuresthatallrelevantsecurityconcernsareidentifiedandconsideredfromtheoutset,formingthefoundationforasecuresystemdesign.Theelicitationprocessinvolvesmultipletechniques,includinginterviews,surveys/questionnaires,observations,anddocumentanalysis.Eachtechniqueprovidesuniqueinsightsandcomplementstheotherstocreateacomprehensiveunderstandingofthecybersecurityrequirements.MostofthequestionshereareforexamplesandacomprehensivelistisintheCIEimplementationguide[29].Interviewsareadirectandeffectivewaytogatherdetailedinformationfromstakeholders.ForCIE,interviewsshouldfocusonunderstandingthebroaderoperationalandengineeringprotectionsnecessarytomitigatethepotentialforcybersabotage.Thestakeholderstobeinterviewedincludebusinessowners,theoperationalteam,engineers,ITpersonnel,cybersecurityexperts,andend-users.Thekeyquestionstoaskmightincludethefollowing.BusinessOwners:Whatarethemostcriticalassetsandfunctionsthatneedprotection?Whatarethepotentialoperationalconsequencesofacyber-attackontheseassets?Howdoyoucurrentlyensureresilienceagainstsystemdisruptions?OperationalTeams:Whatoperationalprocessesandfunctionsaremostsusceptibletodisruptionfromexternalthreats?Howdoyoucurrentlymanageresilienceandcontinuityincriticaloperations?Whatimpactwouldafailureinengineering-baseddefenseshaveonsystemperformance?Engineers:Whatengineeringcontrolsareinplacetopreventsystemdisruptionsandfailures?Howcanthesecontrolsbestrengthenedtominimizetheriskofcybersabotage?Aretherespecificvulnerabilitiesinthesystem'sdesignthatcouldbeITStaff:Whatsecurityprotocolsanddefensesareintegratedwithengineeringsystems?Whatvulnerabilitiesinthecurrentsystemcouldimpactcriticalfunctions?Howdoyouhandleincidentsthatcanaffectoperationaltechnology(OT)?CybersecurityExperts:Whatarethelatestthreatsandattackvectorsrelevanttoourindustry,particularlythosethattargetoperationaltechnologies?Howdowealigncybersecuritymeasureswithengineeringprotectionstopreventsystemsabotage?Whatbestpracticescanimproveresiliencethroughthedesignofthesystem?

使用CIE时，需求获取阶段至关重要，以确保我们全面审视需求，并提取所有基于工程保护的分层防御需求。此阶段确保从一开始就识别并考虑所有相关安全问题，为安全系统设计奠定基础。获取过程涉及多种技术，包括访谈、调查/并相互补充，以全面理解网络安全需求。这里的大多数问题都是示例，完整列表在CIE实施指南CIE，访谈应侧重于理解必ITIT员工What安全 and防御措施are集成 with工程 当前系统中的哪些漏洞可能会影响关键功能？如何处理可能影响运营技术（OT）的 专家：Whatarethe最新威 and攻击向 相关的toPagePAGE13ofIncludingthesebroaderperspectivesensuresthatinterviewsaddressbothoperationalandengineeringneeds,capturingtherequirementsnecessarytobuildprotectionfromcybersabotagethroughCIEprinciplesratherthanrelyingsolelyontraditionalITsecuritymeasures.Surveysandquestionnairesareusefulforgatheringinformationfromalargergroupofstakeholders,providingabroaderperspectiveoncybersecurityrequirements.Thesetoolscanbeusedtocollectquantitativeandqualitativedataonsecuritypriorities,userexperiences,andperceivedrisks.Questionsmightinclude:WhatarethesystemsthatperformandsupportcriticalfacilityWhatconsequencesoffailureormaloperationaretheengineeredcontrolsdesignedtoWhatengineering-basedprotectionandverificationcouldensurethatkeydatahavenotbeenWhatlayersofengineeredcontroldefensesexistinasystemandassesstheirinterdependencefromotherdefensesandareaofeffect?WhattemporaryoperationalchangescanbemadeinresponsetoaperceivedWhatoutputsdoesthesystemprovidethatarecriticalinputstootherbusinesssystemsorinfrastructures?Surveyscanalsoincludescenario-basedquestionstogaugestakeholderresponsestopotentialsecurityincidents.Thishelpsinunderstandingstakeholderexpectationsandpreparednessforvarioussecurityscenarios.Observingstakeholdersintheirnaturalenvironmentprovidesvaluableinformationonhowtheyinteractwiththesystemandcanrevealpotentialvulnerabilitiesthatmaynotbeapparentthroughinterviewsordocumentation.ForCIE,observationsshouldfocusonhowsystemoperatorsinteractwithandmanagecriticalassets,howengineersandoperationalstaffimplementandmaintainengineering-basedprotections,andhowroutinetasksareperformedinareal-worldcontexttoensuresystemresilience.Keyobservationsmightincludethefollowing.Howcanmultipleconcurrentcompromisesofalreadyin-placemitigations(i.e.,n-2,n-x)contributetomoresevereconsequences?Howareengineeringcontrolsmonitoredandreassessedtoidentifychangesfromevolvingoperationsthatmayweakentheireffectiveness?HowundesiredmanipulationofimportantdataisHowarefeaturesofthesystemthatarenotnecessarytoachievethecriticalfunctionsInsteadoffocusingonITstaffmanagingsecurityprotocols,theemphasiscouldbeonhowoperationalcontrolsandengineeringmeasuresareappliedandadaptedindailyactivitiestopreventpotentialdisruptionsorsabotage.ThisapproachalignswiththeCIE’sgoalofengineeringoutvulnerabilitiesandenhancingoperationaldefenses.

ITCIEPagePAGE14ofDOCUMENTDocumentanalysisinvolvesreviewingkeyartifactsthatareintegraltothesystemengineeringlifecycle,suchassystemsecurityplans,interfacecontroldocuments,andsystemdesigndocuments.Thesedocumentsprovidecrucialinsightsintotheexistingengineeringframework,operationalcontrols,andhowsecuritymeasuresareintegratedintosystemarchitecture.ForCIE,importantdocumentstoreviewmightinclude:SystemSecurityPlan:Whatsecuritymeasuresareinplace,andhowaretheyintegratedintothesystem’soveralldesignandoperation?Doestheplanaddresspotentialvulnerabilitiesengineeredintothesystem?InterfaceControlDocuments:Howdodifferentsystemcomponentsinteract?Arethereanyinterfacevulnerabilitiesthatcouldbeexploited?SystemDesignDocuments:Howisthesystemarchitected?Arethereengineeredredundanciesordefensesthatminimizethepotentialimpactofacyber-attack?Analyzingthesedocumentshelpsprovideacompleteunderstandingofthedesign,operationalprocedures,andprotectionsofthesystem,allowingidentificationofareaswhereadditionalsecurityorresiliencemeasuresmayberequired.ThisensuresalignmentwithCIEprincipleswhileaddressinggapsinthesystem'soverallsecurityposture.INTEGRATINGIntegratinginsightsfrominterviews,surveys,observations,anddocumentanalysisisacriticalandcomplexstepintherequirementselicitationprocess.Thisprocessinvolvesnotonlycollectingdata,butalsosynthesizingandanalyzingittoensurethatallperspectives,operational,engineering,andcybersecurity,arerepresentedinthefinalsetofrequirements.Todothiseffectively,itisimportanttodevelopastructuredapproachthatfocusesoncategorizingandcorrelatingtheinformationgatheredfromdifferentsources.Aneffectivestrategyistouseathematicanalysis,wherethedataisgroupedintothemessuchasassetprotection,operationalreliability,supplychainintegrity,andbuilt-indefenses.Byidentifyingrecurringthemes,theteamcanensurethatthesystem’smostcriticalcomponentsandfunctionsareprotectedbyappropriateengineeringandsecuritymeasures.Forexample,interviewswithsystemoperatorsmightrevealkeyinsightsintooperationaldependencies,whiledocumentanalysiscoulduncoverarchitecturalvulnerabilitiesthatneedtobeaddressed.Cross-functionalworkshopscanalsohelpintegrateinformationbybringingtogetherstakeholdersfromdifferentdomains:operations,engineering,IT,andsecurity,allowingthemtocollectivelyreviewthefindingsandvalidatetheemergingrequirements.Theseworkshopsshouldfocusonreconcilinganyconflictsbetweenoperationalneedsandsecurityrequirements,ensuringthatsolutionsarebalancedandfeasiblewithintheconstraintsofthesystem.Finally,prioritizingrequirementsbasedontheiralignmentwithCIEprincipleshelpstoensurethatthemostcriticalaspectsofthesystemareaddressedfirst,supportingbothresilienceandsecurityfromthestartofthedesignprocess.Thisstructured,multi-perspectiveapproachenablesamorecompleteandcohesivesetofrequirements,ensuringthatsecurityisembeddeddeeplyintothesystem’sarchitectureandoperations,andnottreatedasanafterthought.

CIE，需要审查的重要文档可能包括：RequirementsScopingandWhenusingCIE,therequirementsscopinganddeconflictionstageispivotal.Itinvolvesdissectingthegatheredrequirementstounderstandtheirimplications,prioritizingthembasedonvariouscriteria,andresolvinganyconflictsthatmayarisebetweendifferentstakeholderneeds.Thisstageensuresthatcybersecurityrequirementsarenotonlycomprehensive,butalsofeasibleandalignedwiththeoverallgoalsofthesystem.DETAILEDThefirststepinthisstageistothoroughlyanalyzetherequirementselicited.Thisinvolvescategorizingrequirementsintofunctional(requirementsthatdirectlyimpactkeysystemfunctions)andnon-functional(requirementsrelatedtoresilience,supplychainintegrity,orculturalconsiderations)requir