2018 IS0 45001 职业健康与安全实施指南

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50,000>ISO45001:2018 >ISO45001:2018

S IntroductiontotheP04BenefitsofPDCARiskbasedthinking/AnnexSL123467部分：支持8SECTION9:Performance910GetthemostfromyourGetthemostfromyourNextstepsonceHowelsecanweISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATION ISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATIONTOTHE

Therisk-basedapproachstandardintroduces9001Quality,ISO14001EnvironmentandISO27001

Oncethepolicyframeworkhasbeenputinplace,assessmentofcomplianceobligations.Thisassuranceandbusinesscontinuity.

ISO45001:2018是一项新的国际标准，它为S)的框架。SL该结构提供了与包括ISO9001质量管理、ISO14001环境管理及ISO27001信息安全管理体系在内的其他ISO标准的兼容性。

ISO45001OHSAS18001:2007(initialversionOHSAS18001:1999)isthepredecessortotherecentlyreleasedISOstandardISOitisnotanISOstandard.OvertimeithasbecomeincreasinglyapparentthattoomanyworkersaresufferingfromOHSrelatedillnesses,injuriesanddeaths,placinganunacceptableburdenonpeople,theirfamiliesandwithmoralandwelfarecoststosocietyoverall.

Thiswasrecognisedandhencetheneedtohaveasystematicstructureforthemanagementoftheactivities.ISO45001:2018isanISOstandardandhasbeendesignedtohavegreatercompatibilitywithexistingISOstandardmanagementsystemrevisionsincludingISO9001:2015andISO14001:2015.ItusesthesamemanagementsystemstructureandreflectstherequirementsidentifiedbytheInternationalLabourOrganizationguidanceforOHSsystems.IthasbeendevelopedoveranumberofyearsbyInternationalbodiesandindustryexperts.

OwingtothiscompatibilityISO45001:2018shouldbuildonallthesuccessofOHSAS18001andallowthebenefitstobeenhancedandpotentiallyintegratedinothergenericmanagementsystemstandards.In2021OHSAS18001willbewithdrawnleavingISO45001theprimaryinternationalOHSmanagementsystemstandard.

OHSAS18001:2007（OHSAS18001:1999）是近期发布的ISO标准ISO45001:2018并非ISO标准。

45001:2018ISOISO9001:2015ISO14001:2015ISO

由于这种兼容性，ISO45001:2018OHSAS180012021年OHSAS18001ISO45001

ISO45001:2018BENEFITSarenotexhaustive.

害。下一节将概述实施ISO45001带来的一系列积极效益。这些积极效益并非详尽无遗。Adoptionofthehigh-levelstructureof‘AnnexSL’enablesorganizationstointegrateISO45001withexistingISO9001QualityandISO14001Environmentalmanagementsystems.Thisapproachhasreducedthecomplexityofmultipleclauserequirementsacrossdifferentstandardsapplications,savingtimeandresources.ThestandardprovidesasystematicapproachforseniorleadershiptoassessOH&Sriskandopportunities,monitorandreviewsafetyperformanceandsetobjectivesforcontinualimprovementwithinthe‘context’oforganizationalactivities.Thismayinclude,forexample,workerhealthpromotioncampaignsorthemonitoringoftheOH&Seffectsofproductsandservicesprovided.Implementationisademonstrationandcommitmentfromseniorleadershiptointernalandexternalstakeholders(interestedparties)oftheintenttoprotectworkersfromaccidentsincludingshortandlongtermillhealtheffects.Ofcourse,thismayin-turnreducedowntime,leadtoreductionorpreventionofworkerlosstimehoursandpotentialprosecution.ThiscommitmentalsoprovidesassurancestotheBoardofDirectors,TrusteesorownersthatmanagementcontrolsregardingOH&Srisksinherentwithintheorganization.Thestandardpromotesworkerparticipationwhenidentifyinghazards,eliminationorreducingriskbyimplementationofcontrolsintegratedwithotherbusinessprocess.Thisapproachcanimprovesafetyculture,minimiseriskandembedbestpracticeresultinginincreasedproductivity.

Inadditiontointernalprocesscontrols,thestandardhasprovidedrequirementstoassessprocurementofproductsandserviceswhichmayhaveinfluencesonOH&S.Forexample,riskbasedstructuredmanagementofcontractors.Suchaprocesscanin-turnprovidecontrolstoreducebothOH&Srisk,promotepositivesafetycultureandprotectbusiness.Thestandardprovidesastructuretomonitorandreviewcomplianceobligationstoensuretheorganizationislegallycompliantincludingproductsandservices.Itisimportantforanorganizationtounderstandwhatitistoachieve,whyitneedstoachieveandifithasachieved–thisshouldbedemonstratedwithinthesystem.BothinternalandexternalauditprogrammesprovidescrutinyandeffectivenessoftheOH&Smanagementsystemincludingprocesses.Theprogrammepromotescommunicationandparticipationofworkerswithidentificationofgapsleadingtocontinuousimprovement.WithanemphasisonworkerstakinganactiveroleinOH&Smatters,thiscanhavepositivebenefitsonanorganization’sreputationasasafeplacetoworkleadingtostaffretention,motivationandgreaterproductivity.Implementationisalsorecognitionforhavingachievedaninternationalstandardbenchmarkwhichmayhavepositiveinfluenceonexistingandpotentialcustomersinfulfillingtheirownsocialresponsibilitycommitments.

SLISO45001ISO9001ISO14001

outcomerefertosection1‘Scope’.

ISO450011 PDCAThePDCAcyclecanbeappliednotonlytomanagementsystemsasawhole,butalsotoeachindividualelementtoprovideanongoingfocusoncontinualimprovement.Atthecoreofeachstageis‘TopManagement’whoarepivotaltoensuretheOH&Ssystemismanagedeffectively.InthecontextofISO45001,refertothefollowingPDCA

ISO45001采用了计划‑实施‑检查‑改进（PDCA）PDCA在ISO45001的背景下，参考以下PDCA循 UnderstandthecontextoftheorganizationincludingOH&Sriskandopportunities.EstablishOH&Sobjectives,processesandresourcesrequiredtodeliverresultsinaccordancewiththeorganizationsOH&SPolicy. Implementtheprocessesasplannedtoincludingworkerparticipation,hazardidentificationandemergencyUnderstandthecontextoftheorganizationincludingOH&Sriskandopportunities.EstablishOH&Sobjectives,processesandresourcesrequiredtodeliverresultsinaccordancewiththeorganizationsOH&SPolicy.Implementtheprocessesasplannedtoincludingworkerparticipation,hazardidentificationandemergencyMonitor,measureactivitiesandTakeactionstocontinuallyimprovetoincludingfindingsofincidents,addressingnon-conformanceandauditfindings.CONTEXTOFTHECONTEXTCONTEXTOFTHECONTEXTOFTHEINTERNAL&EXTERNALISSUESOFTHEOH&SMSINTERNAL&EXTERNALISSUESOFTHEOH&SMSNEEDSANDOFRELEVANTPARTIES(4.2)NEEDSANDOFRELEVANTPARTIES(4.2)OH&SPolicy

建立符合组织要求的职业健康安全目标、流程和所需资源，以实现预期成果 Implementtheprocessesasplannedtoincludeworkerparticipation,Implementtheprocessesasplannedtoincludeworkerparticipation,hazardidentificationandemergencyMonitor,measureandevaluateOH&Sactivitiesandprocesses.Takeactionstocontinuallyimprovetoincludingfindingsofincidents,addressingnon-conformanceandauditfindings.ISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATIONISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATIONSCOPEOFTHEOH&SMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSUPPORT(7,8)&WORKER SCOPEOFTHEOH&SMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSUPPORT(7,8)&WORKER

ISO45001:2018

RiskBasedThinking(RBT)isacentraltenetofISO45001.RBTrequirestheManagementTeamtocontinuallyassesstheissuesthataffectOH&Saspectsofanorganizationandensurethatappropriatetargets,resourcesandcontrolsareinplace.RBTempowersorganizationstomakedynamicchangestotheirobjectivesandfocus,whilstatthesametimeensuringthatresourcesareinplacetocontrolchangesandunforeseencircumstances.InrelationtoOH&S,risk-basedthinkingextendstoareasoutsideoftheorganizationwhichmayinfluenceForexample,procurementofproductsandservices(includingcontractors)andtheimpactofsuppliedproductsandservices.Theorganizationmustdeterminethemethodologyforrisk-basedthinkingwithconsiderationofcomplianceobligationsandtheparticipationofworkers.Foroperationalaspectsthestandardclearlydefinesthehierarchyofcontrolforhazardidentificationandthereductionofriskswiththeinvolvementofworkers.Thismethodologyrequirestheorganizationtoreducerisksassociatedwithhazardstoareasonablypracticablelevel.Internalauditsaretakenatamomentintimetodetermineifpoliciesandpracticesareeffectiveandachievingtheintendedaim.Theinternalauditisanopportunitytoengagewithworkersandtocaptureatruereflectionofprocesses.Auditsmayidentifypositiveevidenceofconformityincludingcomplianceobligations,howeverthroughinspectionandobservationtheymayidentifyimprovementopportunitiesandnon-complianceinbreachofthemanagementstandard.AuditDevelopinganauditplandoesnothavetobeacomplicatedprocess.Throughriskbasedthinkingaseriesofauditscanbescheduledtofocusareasofhigherriskandtoengagewithidentifiedgroupsofworkers.It’suptotheorganizationtodeterminethefrequencyprovideditisdefined.Inadditiontooperationalaspectstheplanwillcovercoreprocessesincludingcomplianceobligations,managementreviewanddocumentedinformation.

WalkThroughAlessformalapproachmaybeadoptedinadditiontotheauditplanbyconducting‘walkthrough’audits.Thismaybeconductedbyseniorleadershiporatoperationalleveltoinspectareasoftheorganizationtopre-determinedquestions.Thisisafurtheropportunitytoengagewithworkers,promotecommunicationandbuildapositivesafetyculturewithintheorganization.2ndParty-ExternalSecondpartyauditsareusuallyconductedbycustomersororganizationsontheirbehalf,howevertheymaybeconductedbyregulatorstoensuretheorganizationcomplieswithlegalcontactwithworkerspriortocommitmenttoaformalbusinessrelationship.Secondpartyauditsmaybeplanned;however,noticemaynotbeprovidedfromregulatorsemphasisingtherequirementtoensureOH&Sorganizationalrequirements3rdParty-CertificationThirdpartyauditsareconductedbyUKASaccreditedcertificationbodiessuchasNQAincomplianceoftheISO45001OH&Sstandard.Dependingonthenumberofemployees,sites,riskandcomplexityoftheorganization,thecertificationbodywilldeterminethenumberofauditdaysrequiredtocoverthefullscopeofthestandard.Priortocertification,theorganizationmayconsideragapanalysisconductedbyeitherconsultantorcertificationbodytoidentifygapsagainsttheOH&Sstandard.

基于风险的思维（RBT）ISO45001RBT管理层持续评估影响组织职业健康安全（OH&S）方面的问题，并确保设立适当的目标、资源和控制措施。RBT使组织能够动‑

‑‑第三方审核由英国皇家认可委员会（UKAS）includingworkers,customersandregulatorsthatthereis:AmechanismforregularassessmenttomonitorandimplementcomplianceobligationsRegularassessmenttomonitorandimproveOH&SprocessesIdentificationofhazardsandreduceOH&SRegularreviewandassessmentofOH&SriskandopportunitiesWorkerparticipationinthedecision-makingprocesstoensureasafeworkingenvironment,continuousimprovementandsafetyculture

ISO45001:2018

附录在引入附录SL（原称ISO指南83）之前，实施ISO9001质量管理、ISO14001环境管理和27001信息安全标准的组织在整合管理体系时面临困难。由于条款结构和定义术语存在差异，缺乏附录SL可能导致管理体系间出现潜在断层，并给资源带来不必要的负担。随着包含ISO45001在内的SL10coreclauses:NormativeContextofPerformance

Thefirstthreeclausesprovideabackgroundtothestandardwithusefulinformationincludingtermsofdefinition.Therationaleof‘ContextoftheOrganization’(clause4)isthatthesystemfocusesonprocessesandrequirementsneededtoachieveorganizationalpolicyobjectives.Thisisachievedbyunderstandingtheorganizationandthecontextinwhichitoperates.TheClausesetsouttherequirementsfortheorganizationtodefinethe‘Scope’ofthesystem,andthesubsequentplanningofthesystem.Clause5to10arecommontoallmanagementsystemstandards,ISO45001specificallyrelatestooccupationalhealthandsafetyissues.So,whilstthereiscommonality,thereareOH&Sprocessestobeestablished,implementedandmaintainedincludingunderstandingofthepolicyframework,identificationofhazards,managementcontrolofrisksandworkerparticipation.AsuccessfullydeployedAnnexSLenablesanintegratedmanagementsystem(IMS)whichsimultaneouslyhandlestherequirementsofISO45001,ISO9001andISO14001.Typically,thiswouldincludeaharmoniseddocumentedinformation,procurement,auditandmanagementreviewprocesswithoutthenecessityofduplication.

ContextofthetheorganizationanditscontexttheneedsandexpectationsofworkersandotherinterestedthescopeoftheISO45001

and

ActionstoISOobjectivesandplanningtoachievethem

.1

planningand

analysisand

andcorrective

ContextofthetheorganizationanditscontexttheneedsandexpectationsofworkersandotherinterestedthescopeoftheISO

and

ActionstoaddressrisksandISOobjectivesandplanningtoachievethem

.1Operationalplanningand8.2Emergency

analysisand

andcorrective附录SL10附录SL10前三条款提供了标准的背景信息，包含定义术语等实用内容。“组织1.范围2.规范性引用文件术语和定义4.组织环境5导作用678准备9.绩效评价10ISO45001ISO9001ISO14001

7.5DocumentedISO45001:2018职业健康与安全管理体系实施指 SECTIONitsintendedoutcome.

ISO45001ProvideasafeandhealthyPreventworkrelatedinjuryand/orillProactivelymonitorandimproveOH&SEliminatehazardsandminimiseOH&Srisks(includingsystemTakeadvantageofOH&Sopportunitiesandaddressmanagementsystemnon-conformitiesassociatedwithitsFulfillegalandotherAchieveOH&SIntegrateotheraspectsofhealthandsafetyincludingworkerwellness/Thissectionmakesitclearthatthestandarddoesnotaddressissuessuchasproductsafety,propertydamageorenvironmentalimpactsbeyondtheriskstheypresenttoworkersandotherrelevantinterestedparties.ISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATION ISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATION

消除危害并将职业健康安全风险（包括系统缺陷）Thissectionmakesitclearthatthestandarddoesnotaddressissuessuchasproductsafety,propertydamageorenvironmentalimpactsbeyondtheriskstheypresenttoworkersandotherrelevantinterestedparties. SECTION2:

2对“规范性引用文件”的提及在所有管理体系标准中都很常见，但在ISO45001的情况下，并没有规范性Ifapplicabletoastandard,normativereferencesareessentialdocumentsusedfortheapplicationofthedocument.Inotherwords,thereferencedocumentisconsideredessentialfortheapplicationofthereferencedstandard.ISO45001providesabibliographywithfurtherinformationincludingassociatedISOmanagementstandards.

ISO45001ISO SECTION3:TERMSAND‘AnnexA’ofthestandardprovidesusefulclarificationofselectedconceptsinrelationtoOH&Stoavoidmisunderstanding.Conceptsincluding:InterestedDocumentedIftheorganizationrequirestheuseofspecificindustryrelatedtermsandtheirmeaningsrelativetotheOH&Ssystem,thesetermscanbeused,howevertheymuststillconformtotheISO45001document.‘AnnexA’ofthestandardprovidesusefulclarificationofselectedconceptsinrelationtoOH&Stoavoidmisunderstanding.Conceptsincluding:InterestedDocumentedIftheorganizationrequirestheuseofspecificindustryrelatedtermsandtheirmeaningsrelativetotheOH&Ssystem,thesetermscanbeused,howevertheymuststillconformtotheISO45001document.

3ISO助使用者，该标准第3节提供了明确的定义术语，以防止错误解读。Itishighlyrecommendedthatpersonsresponsibleforimplementationofthestandardclarifyandhaveaclearunderstandingofwordsdescribedinthissection.Forexample,‘worker’maybeinterpretedwithoutguidanceasanoperatorwhoworksinafactory,wheninrealityaworkercoversmanydifferentoccupationalaspectsincludingagency,contractors,allemployeesincludingTopManagementandexternalproviderstaff.Eachtermislistedinaccordancewiththehierarchyofconceptsreflectingthesequencingoftheintroductionofthestandard.Inadditiontothetermordefinition,notesprovidefurtherinformationandclarity.Ifanelectronicversionofthestandardhasbeenpurchasedthedefinitionsarehyperlinkedtootherdefinitionssothattheirinterrelationshipscanbeseen.

AAAISO45001Inadditiontothetermordefinition,notesprovidefurtherinformationandclarity.

SECTION4:CONTEXTOFTHE

第4部分：组织环4Understandingthecontextoftheorganizationisusuallyconductedbyseniorleadershipwithinformationaboutthebusinessandactivitiesgatheredateveryleveloftheorganization.DiscussionpointsfocusoninternalandexternalissueswhichhaveanimpactontheOH&Ssystem.Clause4hasfoursub-clausesthateachsetoutanelementofwhatisneededtodefinetheContextoftheOrganization,andtodesigntheOH&Smanagementsystem.

Thesefourrequirementsfollowaanddetermineanyissuesthatcouldaffecttheseaimsbeingachieved.In4.2:Considerationoftheinterestedparties(Stakeholders)includingworkerstotheorganizationandhowtheycanaffecthowtheorganizationoperates.In4.3:SettingthescopeoftheOH&SManagementSystemfromtheinformationdiscussedandconsideredin4.1and4.2In4.4:LayingoutadesignfortheOH&Smanagementsystemandthehigh-levelplanningaroundit

4

4.4OH&SClauseDefinetheorganizationandwhatcanaffectit

Clause4.2Understandtheneedsandexpectationsofworkersand

ClauseScopewhatyouwanttoincludeinthesystem

Clauseofprocesses

ClauseDefinetheorganizationandwhatcanaffectit

4.2

Clause

ClauseUnderstandingoftheorganizationandClause4.1requirestheprovisionofahigh-levelunderstandingofkeyissuesthatcanaffectOH&Sbothpositivelyandnegativelywithintheorganization.Usingthisinformationwillhelpdevelopanunderstandingofinternalandexternalissuesandtheinteractionofactivitiestohelpplananddevelopcontrolswithinthesystem.

Internalandexternalissuesarecircumstances,characteristicsandchangeswhichcanpositivelyornegativelyinfluencetheOH&Smanagementsystem.‘AnnexA’ofthestandardhasbeendevelopedtoprovideexamplesofinternalandexternalissues.Belowaretypicalexamples,howevereachissuewillbefocusedontheindividualorganization:External InternalCultural,social,political,legal,financial,technological, •Governance,organizationalstructure,rolesandeconomicandnaturalsurroundingsincludingthe environmentinwhichtheorganization •Policies,objectivesandthestrategiesinplacetoWhothecompetitorsareandany subcontractors,suppliers,partnersand •Resources(includinghuman),knowledgeandNationalandinternational •OH&SculturewithintheorganizationandtheIndustrydriversandtrendswhichhaveinfluenceon •Processfortheintroductionofnewproducts,Theorganizationproductsandservicesandtheirinfluence services,tools,software,premisesandequipmentonoccupationalhealthandsafety •WorkingconditionsWiththeinformationthatisgatheredduringdiscussionsatalllevelsoftheorganizationtodeterminecontext,itisrecommendedthisinformationisplacedintoareport.Thebenefitofthisisitprovidesacohesiveexplanationandagoodreferencetosupportpresentandfuturebusinessstrategy.(Forreviewofcontextrefertosection9).

ISO45001:2018InterestedpartiesInterestedpartiescanbedocumentedintheformofaFromthecontextinformationgatheredin4.1andunderstandingofneedsandexpectationsofworkersandinterestedpartiesin4.2the‘scope’canbedeveloped.TheScopesetsouttheareasofthebusinessthataregoingtobemanagedintheOH&SManagementSystem.Usually,thiswillincludethekeyprocessesandactivitiesthatanycustomerfacingactivityandpost-deliverywarrantyWhereanorganizationiscomplex,thescopeisusedtoring-fenceonlytheactivitiesorlocationswherethesystemisbeingused.Thiscanbereferredtoas‘boundariesofapplicability’.However,areasofthebusinesscannotbeexcludedfromthescopetoavoidOH&Sprocessesorevadelegalcompliance.WhentheapplicationtoNQAismadetohavethesystemauditedforcertification,itisnecessarytodeclarethescope

astatement.Thiswillensurethattheysendthecorrectauditorwithexperienceinyourindustrysector.Forexample:‘TheManufactureandSalesofUsingthisexample,youcanseethatthemainprocessismanufacturingwhichwillincorporatemanyprocessesincludingworkers,machinery,regulatoryrequirements,externalproviders,customers(endusers)andcompetencewhichwillbeaudited.4.4OH&SmanagementFromtheinformationgatheredin4.1,4.2and4.3thestandardrequiresthedesignandintegrationofprocesseswithinthemanagementsystemtosatisfytherequirementsofISO45001.Thismayincludesuchprocessesasdesignanddevelopment,procurement,marketingandmanufacturing.

4.3确定职业健康安全管理体系的范theneedsandexpectationstheneedsandexpectationsof‘Interestedparties’isthepreferredtermintroducedbyISOhowevercommonlyreferredtoas‘Stakeholders’.Unlikeothercommonstandardsthisclauseintroducestheterm‘Workers’whichisabroadtermasdescribedinsection3ofthestandard‘Termsanddefinitions’.Thissectionrequiresthedeterminationof,inadditiontoworkers,interestedpartiesthatcaninfluenceOH&Spositivelyandnegatively.Onceithasbeendecidedwhichinterestedpartiesarerelevantandsignificant,theirneedsandexpectationswithintheOH&SmanagementsystemshouldbeRememberwhenconsideringinterestedparties,someneedsandexpectationsaremandatoryandincorporatedintolawandregulatoryrequirementsthereforemustbeHavingdefinedwhoyourInterestedPartiesare,ISO45001requiresthatyoudeterminetheirpotentialandactualeffects.4.2ISO345001NQA

4.4ISO45001

ISO45001:2018职业健康与安全管理体系实施指 SECTIONfrom‘TopManagement’.Theexpectationonleaderswithinanorganizationisto

5职业健康安全管理体系成功的关键在于"最高管理层"的领导力和承诺。组织内领导者的职责是成ThissectionprovidesthetoneandexpectationonseniorleadershiptotakeanactivepartintheOH&SsystemandgenerationofapositivehealthandsafetyculturewithintheTakeoverallresponsibilityandaccountabilityforthepreventionofworkrelatedinjury/illhealth,aswellastheprovisionofasafeandhealthyworkenvironmentFacilitatingpositivecultureandcontinualEnsuretheOH&SsystemisintegratedwithinbusinessPromotecommunicationinternallyandexternallyandatalllevels(cascadingfromthetop)Protectworkersfromreprisalwhenreportingincidents,hazards,riskandopportunitiesProvisionandsupportforsafetyForanexternalaudittheexpectationisforseniorleadershiptobeattheheartoftheOH&Smanagementsystemwithacleardemonstrationofunderstandingthesystem.

OH&SAnOH&SPolicyisa‘StatementofIntent’or‘MissionStatement’whichsetsouttheframeworktomanagetheOccupationalHealthandSafetyManagementSystem.TheOH&Spolicyisapprovedbyseniorleadershipandwilldrivethecontrolsthatareinplaceandtheactionsthatarecarriedouttoimproveit.shouldincludecommitmentsto:ProvideaframeworkforsettingProvidesafeandhealthyworkingconditionsforthepreventionofworkrelatedinjuryand/orillhealthEliminatehazardsandreduceOH&SContinualimprovementoftheOH&SConsultationandparticipationofworkersandwheretheyexistworkerrepresentativesFulfilmentoflegalandotherOncetheOH&Spolicyhasbeenapproveditmustbecommunicatedtostakeholdersincludingworkers.Thepolicymustbeavailabletointerestedparties,whichwillincludecustomersandexternalprovidersonrequest.Inaddition,periodicallytheOH&Spolicymustbereviewedbyseniorleadershiptoensureitremainsapplicabletothecontextofyourorganization.

与工人及其代表（如有）customersandexternalprovidersonInaddition,periodicallytheOH&Spolicymustbereviewedbyseniorleadershiptoensureitremainsapplicabletothecontextofyourorganization. Organizationalroles,Thissectionrequirestheorganizationtodefineclearroles,responsibilitiesandauthoritiesthroughouttheorganization.ItisrecognisedthatoverallresponsibilityfortheOH&Smanagementsystemfallsto‘TopManagement’howeverindividualsmusttakeaccountoftheirownhealthandsafetyandthatofothers.Considerdocumentingroles,responsibilitiesandauthoritieswithinhigh-levelandlocalisedorganizationalcharts.Individualpoliciesandworkinstructionsmayalsoincluderesponsibilityandauthorityhowevercompetencemustbeconsidered.ofworkersAkeyfactorforthesuccessofanOH&Ssystemistoensurethereareclearlinesofcommunication,consultationandparticipationofworkerswithsufficientallocationoftimeandresources.ThissectionrequiresthedevelopmentofprocessestoensureinformationthathasanimpactonOH&Siscommunicatedatalllevelsoftheorganization.Thiscanbeachievedinmanydifferentwaysdependingonthescopeandscaleofyourorganization.

processesincludingOH&SissuesSafetycommitteewithworkerrepresentatives(whererequired)Identificationandeliminationofhazards(riskDevelopmentoftrainingToolBoxTalksandpresentations(Thismayincludetrainingtoolsforworkersoutsideofyourorganizationsuchasvisitingcontractors)DevelopmentofSafeSystemsofWorkandWorkCrosscommunicationbetweensiteswithintheNearmissreportingschemeswithfollowupactionsincludingrootcauseanalysisSiteOpendoorpolicytotalktoasafetyorHROH&SsuggestionCommunication–Noticeboards,newsletters,email,blogs,healthpromotioncampaignsOnceaselectionofmethodsofconsultationandparticipationofworkershasbeenchosen,considerdocumentingthemethodologieswithinaprocess.Thiswillenabletheorganizationtoperiodicallychecktheprocesswithinyourauditprogrammetoensureanyidentifiedrequirementshavebeen

设有工人代表的安全委员会（如需要危险源的识别与消除（风险评估公告板、新闻通讯、电子邮件、博客、健康促进活ISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATION ISOOCCUPATIONALHEALTH&SAFETYIMPLEMENTATIONSECTIONsystemwillwork.

6Least peopleworkLeast peoplework Isolatepeople ReplacetheMost Physicallyremovethehazard peoplework people Replacethe PhysicallyremovethehazardMostPlanningoccursatseveralpointsintheframeworkforOH&Smanagementsystem.Inordertosetoutthemanagementsystemplanningisrequiredusinginformationgatheredinclause4.Atvariouspointsintimetherewillbetheneedto‘plan’again;thisincludestheperiodicplanningforachievingobjectivesthataresetandreviewed,andalsointheeventofa‘change’whichcouldarisefromaplannedorunplannedevent.PlantheactionsbasedonriskassessmenttomanagerisksandopportunitiesinthepreventionofundesiredeffectsincludingworkrelatedinjuryorillhealthManageeventsandcontinuallydetermineriskandopportunitiesforbothworkersandtheOH&SsystemEstablishandmanagePlanandmanagechangestothesystemandre-evaluateoncechangehasbeenmadeConsiderrelationshipsandinteractionsbetweenDefineamethodologyforhazardDefinethemethodologyforidentificationandmanagementoflegalandotherrequirementsUnderstandtheknowledgewithintheorganizationtomanageactivitiessafelyHazardidentificationisfundamentalintheplanningprocesstoprioritiseactionstoaddressrisksandopportunities.Usingthe‘HierarchyofControls’(seeillustrationopposite)thestandardrequirestheorganizationtoconductriskassessmentbasedoninternalandexternalactivities.Hazardidentificationwillenabletheorganizationtorecogniseandunderstandhazardsintheworkplace.Itwillalsoallowworkerstoassess,prioritiseandeliminatehazardsortoreduceOH&Srisks.Hazardscanappearinmanydifferentcircumstancesandconditionsincludingphysical,chemical,biological,psychosocial,physiological,mechan