南京信息工程大学2020-2021学年第二学期2019级学术英语读写期末试卷

2020-20212020-2021学年第二学期2019级学术英语读写期末试卷2021年6月28日1/141/14南京信息工程大学2020-2021学年第二学期2019级学术英语读写期末试卷 学院 专业2019级英级 班学姓班序号 考试日期：2021-6-28请考生务必在做题前仔细阅读：

试卷说明13:55,12016:0014:0014:0016:00,,,,14页）,（2页）,,,,2020-2021学年第二学期2020-2021学年第二学期2019级学术英语读写期末试卷2021年6月28日PAGEPAGE2/14PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDevelopingElectricCarsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.目前电动汽车的开发受到政府重视分析这一现象的原因提出建议PartII Listening (25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A)Ayoungman’stragicdeathcausedbytheelevator.Theheroicdeedofayoungmanduringtheaccident.Thedangeroftheelevatorinquestion.TheaccidentinTimesSquareaftertheballdrop.A)IntheEastchestersectionoftheBronx.Inabuildingat113BroomeStreet.AttheGrandStreetGuildApartments.AtanapartmentinTimesSquare.Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A)11.5billiondollars.11billiondollars.3billiondollars.12billiondollars.A)Home-madesandwich.All-daybreakfastsandwich.Pre-packagedsandwich.Pre-madesandwich.Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A)Becausetheycanpromotethesalesmoreeasily.Becausetheycannotcooperatewellwithfuturecolleagues.Becausetheyseemthreateningtofuturecolleagues.Becausethearemorecompetentthanthedecisionmakers.A)Theprettywomenaremorelikelytobehiredthanmen.Femaleattractivenesssignalstheincapabilityofwork.Handsomemenarerejectedfortheircompetence.Physicalstereotypesinteractwithgenderstereotypes.A)Toaskanoutsidegrouptodecideonthepeopleneeded.TodismissthosewhoarethreatenedbyMr.Handsome.Tobeawareoftheimportanceofpotentialworkrelationships.Togetridofthestereotypingtendencies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Toinquireaboutthegradingmethod.TobeacquaintedwithDr.Smith’sassistant.Tofigureouthowtostudyforthecourse.TolearnaboutDr.Coleman’steachingstyle.A)TheyshouldreadwidelyabouttheBritishhistory.Theyshouldgetashighindividualquizscoresaspossible.Theyshouldonlymakesuretheycometothelectureeverytime.Theyshouldtakenotesofthelectureandstudythembeforehand.10. A)15% B)20% C)25% D)30%11. A)5% B)10% C)20% D)30%Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Shecooksverywell.Shechangesroommatesfrequently.Sheoftencausesproblemsforothers.Shecomplainsaboutherroommatesalot.A)Sheshouldswitchitoffeveryevening.Sheshouldpulltheplugoutoftheoutlet.Sheshouldn’twatchTVeveryeveningandturnitup.SheshouldusetheremotecontroltoturnofftheTV.A)Becauseitisunnecessarytosaveelectricity.Becausetheautomaticsystemwillcontrolthelights.Becausetherearemanythievesintheneighbourhood.Becausethelightscanprotectpeopleathome.A)Thevolumeofthemusic.Thetypeofthemusic.Thetimeofplayingmusic.Theplaceofplayingmusic.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Thesizeofthecar.Theuseofpetrol.Thepriceofthecar.Theappearanceofthecar.A)Thereisnoparkinglotintheplacewherehelives.Hedoesn’tlikethelittlefold-uptablesinhiscar.Hehasdifficultyinfinancingtheuseofpetrol.Hecaresabouttheenvironmentalproblemscausedbyacar.A)Toshowthatheisverydeterminedwhenpurchasingthecar.Toemphasizethattestingthecareisquitenecessarybeforethepurchase.Tohighlightthefactthatcarsarebasicallymeansoftransportation.Toprovethatheisveryparticularaboutcare.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ThecookingbusinessissobiginEurope.Therearemillionsofbooksaboutcooking.Peoplejokeaboutpreparingfood.Peopleeatinsuchanunhealthyway.A)BysellingthefoodtheycookonTV.Bywritingbooksaboutcooking.Byadvertisingtheirrestaurants.Byopeningthesupermarkets.A)Theymakemanylocalshopsandsuppliersgobankrupt.Theybringpeoplemoreconveniencebysellingfoodinseason.Theyarecriticizedforputtingtoomuchfatandsaltinfood.Theysellonlycheapproduceshippedfromaroundtheworld.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Becauseitwasthefirsttimethathehadvisitedthecastle.Becausehemetmanyoldfriendsduringthetrip.Becausethatcastleismorecomplexthanheimagined.Becausehegetstoknowthemedievallifestyle.A)Abeautifulcountrygarden.Acomplexsystemofpaths.Medievalrooms.Differentstylesofarchitecture.A)Thecastlewaslivedinuntil1974.Theinteriorofthecastlewassowellkeptanddecorated.Themodernroomsdecoratedin1920sweresofantastic.Thecastlewaswellmaintainedforthepublic.A)Organizingsummercampsforthepublic.SellinglocalEnglishfoodandwine.Holdingbanquetsandmeetings.Earningprofitsfromtourists.PartIII Reading Comprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,isapassagewithtenblanks.aretoselectonewordforeachblankalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Adultswhohadbeenfedplentyoffruitwhentheywerechildrenarelesslikelytosufferfromcertaintypesofcancer,BritishscientistssaidonWednesday.Amedicalstudyof 26 4,000menandwomenshowedthatthemorefruitstheadultshadeatenwhentheywere 27 thelesslikelytheyweretosufferfromlung,bowelandbreastcancer.“Thisstudyshowsthatchildhoodfruitconsumptionmayhavealongterm 28 effectcancerriskinadulthood,”Dr.MariaMaynardoftheMedicalResearchCouncilinLondonsaid.Alloftheadultsinthestudyhadfilledinafood 29 duringthe1930sforaresearchstudylookingintotheeatinghabitsoffamiliesin 30 andurbanareasofEnglandandScotland.MaynardandhercolleaguesstudiedthemedicalrecordsofthegroupuptoJuly2000,bywhichtime483casesofcancerhadbeen 31 .Inadditiontofewercasesofcancer,ahighconsumptionoffruitwas 32 withalowerdeathratefromallcauses.Fruitsareloadedwithantioxidants,vitaminsandothernutrients,whichcanhelptopreventgenetic 33 thatcanleadtothedevelopmentofcancer.Thescientistsalsostudiedthe 34 ofvitaminsC,Eandbetacaroteneoncancerbuttheydidnotfindany 35 thatindividualantioxidantswereasprotectiveasfruit.A.impactB.efficiencyC.associatedD.insertE.protectiveF.furthermoreG.decentH.diagnosedI.damageJ.youngK.inventoryL.ruralM.nearlyN.evidenceO.grabSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.UniversitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmericasbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2200participatingInstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghaiFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses;Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisUSteam.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible：SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringasameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoUSuniversities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand-likeimmigrantsthroughouthistorystrengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherishedvalueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchillustratesthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalization.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.YaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.IntheUnitedStates,20%newlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born.TheUSfederalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforyears.SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheUSinthattheverybestofthemwillstayandstrengthenthenation.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheUSafterSeptember11wascausedbychangesinthevisaprocess.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowilltaketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Englishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageinthehistoryofourplanet.Oneineverysevenhumanbeingscanspeakit.Morethanhalfoftheworld’sbooksandthreequartersofinternationalmailareinEnglish.Ofalllanguages,Englishhasthelargestvocabulary—perhapsasmanyastwomillionwords.However,let’sfaceit:Englishisacrazylanguage.Thereisnoegginaneggplant,neitherpinenorappleinapineappleandnohaminahamburger.Sweet-meatsarecandy,whilesweetbreads,whicharen’tsweet,aremeat.WetakeEnglishforgranted.Butwhenweexploreitsparadoxes(自相矛盾的事),wefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly,boxingringsaresquare, publicbathroomshavenobathsinthem.Andwhyisitthatawriterwrites,butfingersdon’tfing,grocersdon’tgroce,andhammersdon’tham?Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth,shouldn’tthepluralofboothbebeeth?onemoose,twomeese?PAGEPAGE10/14Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,whileawisemanandawiseguyareopposites?Howcanoverlookandoverseebeopposites,whilequitealotandquiteafewarealike?Howcantheweatherbehotashellonedayandcoldashellthenext?Englishwasinventedbypeople,notcomputers,anditreflects(反映)thecreativityofhumanbeings.That’swhy,whenstarsareout,theyarevisible(能看见的);butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.Andwhy,whenIwindupmywatch,Istartit;butwhenIwindupthisessay,Iendit.Accordingtothepassage .sweet-meatsandsweetbreadsaredifferentthingsthereshouldbeegginaneggplantpineapplesaretheapplesonthepinetreeboxingringsshouldberoundWhichofthefollowingisthecorrectplural?A)Beeth. B)Goose. C)Meese. D)Teeth.Whichofthefollowingincludestwoitemswhichhavethesimilarmeaning?A)Awisemanandawiseguy. B)Overlookandoversee.C)Quitealotandquiteafew. D)Hotashellandcoldashell.Theunderlinedwords“windup”inthelastparagraphprobablymean“ ”.A)blow B)rollup C)gethurt D)finishThroughthemanyparadoxesintheEnglishlanguage,thewriterwantstoshowthathumanbeingsare .A)creative B)crazy C)lazy D)dullPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago-byMcDonald's.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity'sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards-likethetoysinMcDonald’sHappyMeals-stimulatethesamerewardcentresinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket(彩票),witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.“Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,”saysReimann.Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.“Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertainawards”,saysReimann.“Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional‘thrills’.Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhopeastatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.”Inotherwords,there'sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspa(温泉疗养)weekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurantandmakeyoueatalittleless.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald'sinclusiontoysinitsHappyMeal?Itmayshedlightonpeople'sdesiretocrackasecret.IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald'sbusinesssuccess.Itappealstokidscuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald'smore.Mostkidsandadultsdon’tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann'sfinding?Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann'sfinding?Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald’sexample.Non-foodawardscanleadpeopletoeatle