浙江专用2025版高考英语一轮复习话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术练习含解析

PAGEPAGE9第17练科普学问与现代技术基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus________________(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharm________mankind.3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology________________(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou________(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the________(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch________(convenient)tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnected________moderninventionsclosely.8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis________(absolute)goodandrightforus.9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，________(include)robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby________(use)robots.11．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I________(full)believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.12．Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.13．Thenewtechnology，if________(apply)toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.14．Hethoughtthatthekeyto________(feed)peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.15．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern________(invent)inourlife—thecomputernetwork.话题词汇1．advantagen．优势2．artificialadj.人造的，人工的3．negativeeffect负面影响4．breakthroughn．突破5．surftheInternet上网6．explorev．探究7．conveniencen．便利8．withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展9．changeone’slife变更某人的生活10．drawbackn．缺点，不利条件实力提升Ⅱ.阅读理解(2024·辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface­recognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelong­livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.16．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.17．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.18．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface­recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.C．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.D．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.19．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherⅢ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d__20__andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe__21__inmymind.I’maboutto__22__alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.__23__，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare__24__soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机)andI__25__myselfwithpotatochips.I__26__thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t__27__it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I__28__dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising__29__.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)__30__.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea__31__，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith__32__deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay__33__.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa__34__.Unfortunatebut__35__，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.__36__，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould__37__.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And__38__Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother__39__.20．A.cooked B．orderedC．designed D．introduced21．A.battle B．competitionC．performance D．practice22．A.burn B．containC．lose D．consume23．A.Surprisingly B．HappilyC．Unfortunately D．Hopefully24．Aingoff B．passingawayC．takingoff D．turningaway25．A.equip B．connectC．present D．reward26．A.agree B．pretendC．imagine D．decide27．A.hurt B．countC．change D．solve28．A.always B．sometimesC．seldom D．never29．A.hardly B．instantlyC．regularly D．slightly30．A.urge B．attractionC．difference D．pain31．A.plan B．habitC．game D．hobby32．A.original B．commonC．inspiring D．tight33．A.awake B．calmC．healthy D．strong34．A.goal B．memoryC．reality D．trend35．A.unbelievable B．changeableC．understandable D．enjoyable36．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Besides D．Otherwise37．A.lack B．saveC．show D．throw38．A.once B．beforeC．unless D．though39．A.choice B．faultC．cause D．excuseⅣ.应用文写作假定你是班长李华，请依据以下内容给新任外教Smith先生写一封信，向他表示欢迎并转达同学们对英语课的建议：1．介绍西方文化；2．组织多种多样的活动；3．关注学生发音，提高听说实力。留意：1．词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．可适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。DearMrSmith，I’mwritingonbehalfofmyclasstoextendourwarmwelcometoyou.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyouverymuch.Wearelookingforwardtomeetingyousoon!Yourstruly，LiHua

答案精析话题练Ⅰ.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6.convenience7.with8.absolutely9.including10.using11.fully12.when13.applied14.feeding15.inventionsⅡ.eq\x(语篇解读本文介绍了一项新的探讨成果：绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。)16．D[细微环节理解题。由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。]17．A[细微环节理解题。由第四段首句“Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.”可知，探讨人员通过给绵羊食物嘉奖来训练绵羊，故选A。]18．B[推理推断题。由最终一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推断出，该项新发觉有益于对认知实力变更的探讨，故选B。]19．C[标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的探讨表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选C。]Ⅲ.语篇解读作者想要减肥，但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪，又因为种种缘由放弃了熬炼，最终减肥失败。20．B[cook烹饪；order点菜，吩咐；design设计；introduce介绍。由上文中的“Iwaseatinglunchinarestaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”。]21．A[battle战斗；competition竞争；performance表演；practice练习。下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者特别冲突，内心做着激烈的“斗争”。故A项正确。]22．D[burn燃烧；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，饮。作者准备消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D项正确。]23．C[surprisingly令人惊异地；happily兴奋地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是”。故C项正确。]24．A[comeoff从……掉下；passaway去世；takeoff起飞；turnaway拒绝……进入。作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的缘由。故A项正确。]25．D[equip装备，使具有；connect连接；present颁发，呈现；reward奖赏。作者在跑步机上熬炼半个小时后，用薯片来嘉奖自己。故D项正确。]26．D[agree同意；pretend假装；imagine想象；decide确定。由后面的“soIjusteatalotatthistime”可知，作者确定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃许多的薯片。故D项正确。]27．A[hurt危害，损害；count数数；change变更；solve解决。作者认为只吃一片薯片不会阻碍自己减肥，这是作者为自己吃薯片找的借口。故A项正确。]28．B[always始终，总是；sometimes有时候；seldom很少；never从不。由下一句“OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperly...”可知，作者有时候减肥安排实施得很好。故B项正确。]29．C[hardly几乎不；instantly马上；regularly有规律地，定期地；slightly略微地。由下文“Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.”可知，作者的减肥安排曾经实施得很好。由此可知，作者曾经有两周坚持合理饮食并常常熬炼。故C项正确。]30．C[urge迫切的要求；attraction吸引力；difference不同；pain苦痛。由下一句“Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.”可知，作者弯腰系鞋带简单多了，说明作者起先感觉到不同了。故C项正确。]31．B[plan安排；habit习惯；game嬉戏；hobby业余爱好。由该段最终一句中的“thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercising”可知，此处指正值合理饮食和常常熬炼即将成为一个习惯时。故B项正确。]32．D[original最初的；common常见的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；tight紧的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很紧。故D项正确。]33．A[awake醒着的；calm冷静的；healthy健康的；strong强壮的。作者通过吃零食、喝苏打水来保持醒悟状态。故A项正确。]34．B[goal目标；memory记忆；reality现实；trend趋势。熬夜使得作者没有再坚持合理的饮食和熬炼，所以合理的饮食和熬炼成为了一个