全国版2025版高考英语一轮复习话题练第19练世界与环境练习含解析

PAGEPAGE8第19练世界与环境基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink)islessandlessnow.2．Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow____________(save)water.3．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant____________(protect)ourenvironment.4．InChinaalotofriversandlakesare____________(serious)pollutedbysomefactories.5．Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，____________(kill)alargenumberoffish.6．Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld____________(become)muchmorebeautiful.7．Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult____________(problem)intheworld.8．Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand____________(healthy)inthefuture.9．Itishightimethatthegovernment____________(take)somemeasurestoreducepollution.10．____________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesproduceharmfulgases.12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives.13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeatear­dropofus.14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveralmeasuretoreducetheheavypollution.15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive.16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthsoitisourhome.17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofthemarebeyondourcontrol.18．You’dbeexposedtoalotlittlepollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings.20．Nobodyknowsexactwhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.话题词汇1．pollutionn．污染2．atmospheren．大气，气氛3．consequencen．结果，后果4．attachgreatimportanceto...非常重视……5．beawareof...意识到……6．damagev．毁坏7．makeadifference有影响8．environmentn．环境9．sufferv．受苦，遭遇10．causev．导致实力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2024·安徽皖北协作区联考)Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林滥伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆转)．Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持续的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong­termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.21．Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?A．Humans’destroyingthetrees.B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C．Lackingrenewableresources.D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.22．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.D．Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.23．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?A．Indifferent. B．Concerned.C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled.24．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.BForcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes.Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700specially­trainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.25．ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________.A．humansdon’tcareforelephantsB．elephantshavebeennexttoextinctionC．elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbeforeD．elephantshavegainedmoreattention26．Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?A．Lessspace. B．Alackoffood.C．Sufferingfromadisease. D．Elephanthunting.27．Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?A．Theirtusksareprofitable.B．Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly.C．Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat.D．Farmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants.28．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation.B．Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants.C．Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants.D．Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.Ⅳ.短文改错(2024·广东湛江二模)Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou？Whatholdanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerwithallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair，butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeelthem.Airisamixtureofinvisiblegas.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisessoyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeeproll.Theatmosphereblocksoutmuchofthesun’sharmful答案解析Ⅰ.1.todrink2.tosave3.toprotect4.seriously5.killing6．blems8.healthier9.shouldtake/took10．OnⅡ.11.Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactorieseq\f(produce,producing)harmfulgases.12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives.13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，eq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))lastdropofwaterwillbeatear­dropofus.14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveraleq\f(measure,measures)toreducetheheavypollution.15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottoliveeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(on)).16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheeartheq\f(so,because)itisourhome.17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofeq\f(them,which)arebeyondourcontrol.18．You’dbeexposedtoaloteq\f(little,less)pollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(which/that))arepoisonoustohumanbeings.20．Nobodyknowseq\f(exact,exactly)whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.Ⅲ.语篇解读如今，热带雨林正面临严峻的生存危机，为世界敲响了环保警钟。人类应实行更加实际、有效的措施来爱护热带雨林。21．A[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Deforestation(森林滥伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction”可知，人类对热带雨林的滥砍滥伐导致热带雨林一些物种的灭亡。故选A。]22．D[推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句“Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.”可推知经济效益对爱护热带雨林有肯定影响。故选D。]23．B[观点看法题。依据其次段和第四段的内容可知，作者讲解并描述了热带雨林正在消逝的现状并提出了一些爱护措施已经无效的问题。由此可以推断出作者对热带雨林爱护持担忧的看法。故选B。]24．C[写作目的题。通读全文并依据最终两段可知，作者认为传统的爱护热带雨林的方法无效，呼吁大家共享合适的爱护措施。故选C。]语篇解读本文主要讲了大象在经济、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而现在由于种种缘由，大象的数量在急剧削减。作者在这里呼吁人们爱护野生大象。25．B[推理推断题。依据其次段的数据25200