国际商法英语法律术语知识点

综合试卷第=PAGE1*2-11页（共=NUMPAGES1*22页） 综合试卷第=PAGE1*22页（共=NUMPAGES1*22页）PAGE①姓名所在地区姓名所在地区身份证号密封线1.请首先在试卷的标封处填写您的姓名，身份证号和所在地区名称。2.请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求，在规定的位置填写您的答案。3.不要在试卷上乱涂乱画，不要在标封区内填写无关内容。一、MultipleChoiceQuestions1.QuestionsrelatedtoInternationalBusinessLawfundamentals

A)Whatistheprincipaldistinctionbetweenthelexmercatoriaandinternationalmercialarbitration?

a)ThelexmercatoriaisasetofprinciplesestablishedtheICCwhileinternationalmercialarbitrationisbasedoncontract.

b)Thelexmercatoriaisbasedonsoftlawprinciples,whileinternationalmercialarbitrationreliesontreaties.

c)Internationalmercialarbitrationinvolvesanadhocinstitutionwhilethelexmercatoriahasnoformalstructure.

d)Noneoftheabove.

B)TheViennaConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)isprimarilydesignedto:

a)Promoteinternationaltradereducinglegalplexities.

b)Provideasingle,prehensivesetoflawsgoverningallinternationalcontracts.

c)Ensurethatcontractsinvolvingnontariffmeasuresareautomaticallynullified.

d)Facilitatetheformationandinterpretationofcontractsstandardizingrulesforcontractformation.

2.KeytermsinInternationalContracts

A)A“ForceMajeure”clauseinacontracttypicallyrelievesapartyfromliabilityfor:

a)Failuretodeliverontimeduetoanunforeseeableevent.

b)Nonperformanceresultingfromaparty’sbreachofcontract.

c)Paymentofdamagesincaseofterminationofthecontract.

d)Thepartywhohassufferedthelosstotakeallreasonablemeasurestomitigatethatloss.

B)Theterm“FIDICConditionsofContract”refersto:

a)AstandardformofcontractdevelopedtheFédérationInternationaleDesIngénieursConseils(FIDIC).

b)Alegalprinciplestatingthattheintentionofthepartiestoacontractshouldgovernitsinterpretation.

c)Atermindicatingthatthebuyerassumestheriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringshipment.

d)Anobligationofconfidentialityrequiredundersometypesofemploymentcontracts.

3.JurisdictionalissuesinInternationalLaw

A)Incaseswheretwopartiesagreeonjurisdictionforresolvingdisputes,theclauseshouldideally:

a)Specifytheexclusivejurisdictionofasinglecourt.

b)Includeprovisionsonthechoiceoflawgoverningthedispute.

c)Grantjurisdictiontomultiplecourtsbasedontheparties'domicileorplaceofbusiness.

d)Noneoftheabove.

B)UndertheNewYorkConventionof1958ontheRecognitionandEnforcementofForeignArbitralAwards:

a)Foreignarbitrationawardsmayonlyberecognizedifthepartyagainstwhomtheyareenforceddoesnotresideintheenforcingcountry.

b)Anarbitralawardmadeatribunalsittingoutsidetheterritoryofoneofthepartiesinvolvedinthearbitrationagreementcanonlyberecognizedinthatparty'scountryifthepartiesconsentedtothatjurisdiction.

c)Arbitralawardsmaybechallengedinthecourtoftheenforcingstateforreasonssuchaslackofjurisdiction,proceduralerrors,orinvalidityofthecontract.

d)Arbitralawardscanonlybeenforcedifthesubjectmatterofthedisputefallsundermercialorlegaldisputes.

4.IntellectualPropertyRightsandtheirprotection

A)TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)administersasystemfor:

a)Resolvingdisputesrelatedtotrademarkregistrationanduse.

b)Enforcingpatentrightsandtrademarks.

c)Managinginternationalagreementsconcerningtheprotectionofintellectualproperty.

d)IssuingdomainnameregistrationsunderICANN’sauthority.

B)Infringementofintellectualpropertyrightsoccurswhen:

a)Theownerofapatentlicensesathirdpartytomake,use,orsellthepatentedproductwithoutauthorization.

b)Atrademarkowner’srightisusedwithoutpermission,theredilutingthedistinctivevalueofthemark.

c)Theinventorofanewplantvarietypubliclydisclosesthevariety’stechnicalinformationbeforeaplantvarietyprotectioncertificateisissued.

d)Theexclusiverightstouse,copy,distribute,andmodifyaworkofsoftwarearetransferredtoanewentity.

5.InternationalTradeandTariffs

A)A"mostfavorednation"(MFN)clauseinatradeagreementensures:

a)Alltradingpartnersreceiveequaltreatmentwithregardtoimporttariffs.

b)Onlythecountrywiththemostfavorabletermsforimportsistreatedthesameastheagreement'smemberstates.

c)Nocountrymayhaveanadvantageintradingrelationsthatbenefitsotherstatesoutsidetheagreement.

d)Importersandexportersinthemembercountriesmustpayaflattariffrateirrespectiveofthecountryoforigin.

B)Tarifficationoftradeinvolves:

a)Thereductionofimportdutiesoncertainproductsbuttheretentionofabroadlistofnontariffbarriers.

b)Thetransformationofatradepreferencearrangementintoatariff同盟whereeachcountrysetsasinglesetofduties.

c)Thepracticeoflevyinghighertariffsonexportstoonecountryinexchangeforpreferentialaccesstoitsmarkets.

d)Areductionofexportsubsidieswhileincreasingexporttariffstooffsetatradedeficit.

6.DisputeResolutionMechanisms

A)UndertherulesoftheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)arbitration,anarbitraltribunalcan:

a)Issueinterimorconservatorymeasuresduringthearbitrationproceedings.

b)Conductpublichearings,asitisopentoanyonetoobserve.

c)Baseitsdecisionsolelyonwrittensubmissionswithoutanyrequirementfororalevidence.

d)Dismissanarbitrationproceedingongroundsthatapartyisguiltyofmisconduct.

B)Whichofthefollowingisnotatypicalmethodfordisputeresolutionininternationalmercialtransactions?

a)Mediation.

b)Litigation.

c)Conciliation.

d)Arbitrationaninternationalcourtoflaw.

7.Legalaspectsofinternationaltradefinance

A)LettersofCredit(LCs)areatypeofguaranteeininternationaltradefinancethat:

a)Protectthesellerfromnondeliverythebuyerandviceversa.

b)Allowforimmediatetransferofandpaymentforthegoodsfromtheissuingbank.

c)Actasaguaranteeagainstpoliticalrisksassociatedwithimportationfromaparticularcountry.

d)Canbeusedonlyfortransactionsinvolvingacurrencyexchangeratefluctuationrisk.

B)UCP600refersto:

a)TheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCreditspublishedtheICC.

b)TheInternationalRulesfortheUseofTradeTermsestablishedtheICC.

c)TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)agreementsthatgoverntradebetweencountries.

d)Therulesgoverningthesettlementoftradedisputesthroughinternationalmercialarbitration.

8.Complianceandantimoneylaunderinglaws

A)WhatisthepurposeoftheFinancialActionTaskForce(FATF)?

a)Toprovideguidanceoninternationalfinancialregulation.

b)Todevelopandimplementstrategiesforpreventingmoneylaundering.

c)ToenforcefinancialsanctionsimposedtheUnitedNationsonterroriststates.

d)Toregulatetheoperationsofallinternationalbanksandfinancialinstitutions.

B)Abankisrequiredtoplywiththeregulationsrelatedto:

a)BankSecrecyAct(BSA),aimedatbatingmoneylaunderingandterroristfinancing.

b)BankHoldingCompanyAct,whichgovernstheoperationsofpaniesthatcontrolorhavesignificantinfluenceoverabank.

c)SecuritiesAct,whichregulatethebuying,selling,andregistrationofsecurities.

d)InsuranceCompaniesAct,whichcontrolsthebusinessoperationsofinsurancepanies.

答案及解题思路：

1.A)Lexmercatoriareferstothebodyofmerciallawappliedtointernationaltradeandisbasedonsoftlawprinciples,whereasarbitrationisacontractualdisputeresolutionmechanism.

B)TheCISGprovidesuniformrulesforinternationalsaleofgoodstosimplifytransactionsandfostertrustamonginternationalbuyersandsellers.

2.A)AForceMajeureclauseisusedtoreleasepartiesfromliabilityfordelaysornonperformanceresultingfromeventsbeyondtheircontrol.

B)FIDICConditionsofContractisaprehensivedocumentusedtofacilitateconstructionprojects.

3.A)Ajurisdictionclauseisusedtoselectthelegalsystemandthecourtswheredisputesshouldberesolved.

B)TheNewYorkConventionaimstofacilitatetheinternationalrecognitionandenforcementofarbitralawards.

4.A)WIPOadministersagreementsfortheprotectionofintellectualpropertyrightsattheinternationallevel.

B)InfringementinvolvesunauthorizeduseoftheIPrights.

5.A)AnMFNclauseguaranteesthatthebenefitsandburdensoftradewillbeequallysharedamongmemberstates.

B)Tarifficationreferstoconvertingtradepreferencesintoduties,thuseliminatingtradedistortions.

6.A)ICCarbitrationrulesallowtribunalstoissuemeasurestoprotectrightsandinterestsbeforeafinaldecisionisrendered.

B)Arbitrationinternationalmercialtribunals,notinternationalcourts,istypicalfortradedisputes.

7.A)LettersofCreditensurepaymentandsecuredeliveryofgoodsorservicesininternationaltrade.

B)UCP600setsouttheinternationalstandardfordocumentarycredittransactions.

8.A)FATF'smainfunctionistosetandpromotetheinternationalstandardstopreventmoneylaundering.

B)BanksarerequiredtofollowtheBSAtoplywithantimoneylaunderingregulations.二、TrueorFalseQuestions1.TheUnitedNationsConventionontheSaleofGoodsisabindingtreaty.

__________

__________

2.Allcontractsmustbeinwritingtobelegallybinding.

__________

__________

3.Arbitrationisalwayspreferredoverlitigationininternationaldisputes.

__________

__________

4.DoubleTaxationTreatiesreducetheincidenceoftaxforpaniesoperatinginternationally.

__________

__________

5.IntellectualPropertyRightsaresubjecttothelawsofthecountrywheretheIPisregistered.

__________

__________

6.AGeneralAverageclauseinmarineinsurancecoversonlycargoloss.

__________

__________

7.ALetterofCreditguaranteespaymentforthegoodspurchased.

__________

__________

8.InternationalTradeLawappliesonlytomultinationalcorporations.

__________

__________

答案及解题思路：

1.True

解题思路：联合国销售货物公约（CISG）是一项具有法律约束力的条约，它规定了国际货物销售的基本规则，对所有成员国都具有法律效力。

2.False

解题思路：并非所有合同都必须以书面形式存在才能具有法律约束力。在某些情况下，口头合同或书面合同以外的形式（如电子合同）也可以是法律上有效的。

3.False

解题思路：尽管仲裁在国际争议中通常是一个受欢迎的解决方法，但它并非总是首选。在某些情况下，当事人可能更倾向于诉讼，特别是当争议金额大或涉及复杂的法律问题时。

4.True

解题思路：双重征税条约旨在减少国际间企业的税收负担，通过避免同一收入在不同国家被重复征税来达到这一目的。

5.False

解题思路：知识产权（IPR）通常受到国际条约和各国法律的共同保护。虽然注册地法律对其有重要影响，但IPR的保护范围和条款可能因所在国家的法律而异。

6.False

解题思路：一般平均（GeneralAverage）条款是指在海上保险中，当船舶和货物的共同利益受到威胁时，所有利益相关方共同承担损失或费用。它不仅涵盖货物损失，还包括船舶的损失。

7.True

解题思路：信用证（LetterofCredit,LC）是一种银行担保，保证卖方在满足特定条件后，买方将收到付款。它是国际贸易中常用的支付方式之一。

8.False

解题思路：国际贸易法不仅适用于跨国公司，也适用于所有在国际贸易中进行活动的实体，包括个体经营者、小型和中型企业等。三、ShortAnswerQuestions1.Definetheterm'BreachofContract'andgiveexamples.

Definition:Abreachofcontractoccurswhenoneorbothpartiesfailtofulfilltheirobligationsunderthetermsofacontract.

Examples:

Sellerfailstodelivergoodsasspecifiedinthecontract.

Buyerfailstomakethepaymentasagreedupon.

Onepartyfailstomeetthequalitystandardssetinthecontract.

2.ExplaintheroleofaLetterofCreditininternationaltrade.

ALetterofCredit(LC)isafinancialarrangementissuedabankthatguaranteespaymenttothesellerprovidedthatcertainconditionsaremet.Itservesasasecurepaymentmethodininternationaltrade.

Role:

Reducestheriskofnonpaymentforbothbuyerandseller.

Facilitatestradeprovidingassuranceofpayment.

Ensuresthatthetransactionplieswiththetermsandconditionsofthecontract.

3.Discusstheprincipleof'GoodFaith'ininternationalbusinesstransactions.

Goodfaithisafundamentalprincipleininternationalbusinesstransactions,requiringpartiestoacthonestlyandfairly.

Discussion:

Partiesshouldperformtheirobligationswithoutdeceitorfraud.

Goodfaithfosterstrustandreliabilityinbusinessrelationships.

Ithelpspreventdisputesandpromotesapositivebusinessenvironment.

4.DescribethedifferencesbetweenCommonLawandCivilLawsystems.

Differences:

SourceofLaw:CommonLawisbasedonjudicialdecisions,whileCivilLawisbasedoncodifiedlaws.

DecisionMaking:CommonLawsystemsuseprecedents,whileCivilLawsystemsfollowspecifics.

Adjudication:CommonLawemphasizesoralarguments,whileCivilLawreliesonwrittenprocedures.

5.Whatismeant'ForceMajeure'anditsimplicationsincontracts?

ForceMajeurereferstounforeseeableeventsorcircumstancesbeyondaparty'scontrolthatpreventthemfromfulfillingtheircontractualobligations.

Implications:

Releasestheaffectedpartyfromliabilityforbreachofcontract.

Allowsforrenegotiationoftermsorterminationofthecontractifnecessary.

Protectspartiesfromfinanciallossesduetounforeseenevents.

6.OutlinethemainelementsoftheUNConventionontheInternationalSaleofGoods.

TheUNConventionontheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)providesauniformlegalframeworkforinternationalsalescontracts.

MainElements:

Offerandacceptance

Contractformation

Transferofownership

Riskoflossandtransfer

Compliancewithcontractualobligations

7.WhatarethekeyponentsofaBillofLading?

ABillofLading(B/L)isadocumentissuedacarriertotheshipper,acknowledgingthereceiptofgoodsfortransport.

KeyComponents:

Descriptionofgoods

Quantityandqualityofgoods

Namesoftheshipperandconsignee

Portofloadinganddischarge

Dateandplaceofissuance

8.Explaintheimportanceofpliancewithexportcontrolregulations.

Exportcontrolregulationsarelawsandregulationsthatregulatetheexportofgoods,technology,andservicesfromonecountrytoanother.

Importance:

Preventstheunauthorizedtransferofsensitivetechnologiesandgoods.

Ensuresnationalsecurityandforeignpolicyobjectives.

Protectsintellectualpropertyrightsandinternationaltraderelations.

答案及解题思路：

1.答案：

Definition:Abreachofcontractoccurswhenoneorbothpartiesfailtofulfilltheirobligationsunderthetermsofacontract.

Examples:Sellerfailstodelivergoodsasspecifiedinthecontract;Buyerfailstomakethepaymentasagreedupon;Onepartyfailstomeetthequalitystandardssetinthecontract.

解题思路：保证理解合同的定义以及违约的具体表现，结合实际案例进行分析。

2.答案：

Role:ALetterofCreditisafinancialarrangementissuedabankthatguaranteespaymenttothesellerprovidedthatcertainconditionsaremet.Itreducestheriskofnonpaymentforbothbuyerandseller,facilitatestrade,andensuresthatthetransactionplieswiththetermsandconditionsofthecontract.

解题思路：理解信用证的定义和作用，分析其在国际贸易中的重要性。

3.答案：

Discussion:Goodfaithisafundamentalprincipleininternationalbusinesstransactions,requiringpartiestoacthonestlyandfairly.Itfosterstrustandreliabilityinbusinessrelationshipsandhelpspreventdisputesandpromoteapositivebusinessenvironment.

解题思路：理解诚信原则的含义和作用，结合实际案例进行分析。

4.答案：

Differences:CommonLawisbasedonjudicialdecisions,whileCivilLawisbasedoncodifiedlaws.CommonLawsystemsuseprecedents,whileCivilLawsystemsfollowspecifics.CommonLawemphasizesoralarguments,whileCivilLawreliesonwrittenprocedures.

解题思路：比较两种法律体系的起源、决策方式和程序。

5.答案：

Implications:ForceMajeurereferstounforeseeableeventsorcircumstancesbeyondaparty'scontrolthatpreventthemfromfulfillingtheircontractualobligations.Itreleasestheaffectedpartyfromliabilityforbreachofcontract,allowsforrenegotiationoftermsorterminationofthecontractifnecessary,andprotectspartiesfromfinanciallossesduetounforeseenevents.

解题思路：理解不可抗力的概念和作用，分析其在合同中的影响。

6.答案：

MainElements:Offerandacceptance,Contractformation,Transferofownership,Riskoflossandtransfer,Compliancewithcontractualobligations.

解题思路：理解联合国国际货物销售合同公约的主要内容，分析其核心要素。

7.答案：

KeyComponents:Descriptionofgoods,Quantityandqualityofgoods,Namesoftheshipperandconsignee,Portofloadinganddischarge,Dateandplaceofissuance.

解题思路：理解提单的定义和主要组成部分，分析其在货物运输中的作用。

8.答案：

Importance:Exportcontrolregulationsarelawsandregulationsthatregulatetheexportofgoods,technology,andservicesfromonecountrytoanother.Compliancewiththeseregulationspreventstheunauthorizedtransferofsensitivetechnologiesandgoods,ensuresnationalsecurityandforeignpolicyobjectives,andprotectsintellectualpropertyrightsandinternationaltraderelations.

解题思路：理解出口控制法规的目的和重要性，分析其在国际贸易中的作用。四、MatchingQuestions1.Matchthefollowingtermswiththeirdefinitions:

a.CountertradeAtradearrangementwheretwopartiesexchangegoodsorserviceswithoutusingmoney.

b.IncotermsAsetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationofthemostmonlyusedtermsinforeigntrade.

c.JurisdictionTheauthoritygiventoacourttomakedecisionsinaparticularlegalmatter.

d.GeneralAverageAmaritimetermdescribingalosstoallpartiesinvolvedinaseavoyagewhenashipanditscargoarethreatenedperil.

e.BilateralInvestmentTreatyAnagreementbetweentwocountriesthatprotectsandpromotesinvestmentsmadeeachcountry'sinvestorsintheother.

2.Matchthefollowingdisputeresolutionmechanismswiththeirprimaryfunctions:

a.ArbitrationAformalandbindingmethodofresolvingdisputesbetweenparties.

b.ConciliationAmethodofresolvingdisputeswhereaconciliatorfacilitatesmunicationbetweentheparties.

c.MediationAprocesswhereaneutralthirdpartyhelpspartiesnegotiateasettlement.

d.AdjudicationTheprocessofmakingadecisionorjudgmentanofficialbodyorindividual.

3.Matchthefollowinginternationaltradeorganizationswiththeirmainobjectives:

a.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)Topromotefreetradeandreducetradebarriersamongmembercountries.

b.UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)Topromotedevelopmentorientedpoliciesthatsupportinternationaltrade,investment,anddevelopment.

c.InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)Tofosterglobalmonetarycooperation,securefinancialstability,facilitateinternationaltrade,promotehighemploymentandsustainableeconomicgrowth,andreducepoverty.

d.WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)Toleadthedevelopmentofabalancedandeffectiveinternationalintellectualproperty(IP)systemthatenablesinnovationandcreativityforthebenefitofall.

五.FillintheBlanks

1.Internationallawisabranchoflawthatregulatesinternationalrelations.

2.Acontractofsaleinvolvingtwopartiesisconsideredaninternationalcontract.

3.Jurisdictionreferstotheauthoritygiventoacourttomakedecisionsinaparticularjurisdiction.

4.Inthecontextofconciliation,athirdpartyisinvolvedtoresolveadisputebetweentwoparties.

5.A(n)billofladingisawritteninstrumentthatservesasproofofthetransferofgoods.

六.CaseStudyQuestions

1.Analyzeahypotheticalcaseinvolvingthebreachofcontractaforeignbuyerandsuggestasuitableremedy.

Hypotheticalcase:Asellershipsgoodstoabuyerbutthebuyerfailstomakepayment.Thesellercanseekacourtordertoseizethegoodsorobtainajudgmentfortheamountowed.

Suggestedremedy:Theselle