中考英语专题复习专题十八阅读理解第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导

PAGEPAGE42专题十八阅读理解第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导教学目标教学目标1.驾驭北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律；2.驾驭北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法；3.驾驭北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。名师点拨名师点拨北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结 阅读理解实力的培育是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读实力、分析和推断实力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获得其中的主要信息，能做出正确推断，然后依据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。近年来渐渐显现出文章易懂，但选题较难的趋势，要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。 北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1.阅读量约在350-450字之间；2.题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教化类和社会现象类等；3.体裁多样，以争论文和说明文为主。 北京中考阅读理解CD篇考察的主要内容是：1.考查把握文章的事实和细微环节的实力；2.考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和推断的实力；3.考查依据上下文揣测生词的含义的实力；4.考查推断作者意图和看法的实力；5.考查驾驭所读材料的主旨和大意的实力。 建议：平常阅读理解要加强科普类、争论类文章的阅读，做题方法不要只停留在机械找寻信息上，留意文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点看法的理解上，阅读英文原著，不要局限于中考试题。北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速阅读全文，了解文章也许。阅读时要留意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，假如遇到未学或不相识的单词或不理解的句子，可以依据上下文揣测，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步阅读问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能协助进一步理解文章的主要内容，详细做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中准确表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分打算。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把须要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是依据文章内容自上到下依次设计的，依据难度先解决简洁的，最终解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必需再细致阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧题型题型一：细微环节理解题说明本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细微环节或文章的主要事实的理解实力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、缘由（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等经常考察这些细微环节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解题技巧1.细心审题，干脆就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题练习1.AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.（北京东城一模C篇）HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.It’snotajoke,norhavetheCanadiansgonemad.TheyareusingthesechickenstoseeiftheWestNilevirus(病毒)isstillaround.Thevirusinfectsbirds,sothechickenshaveachanceofcatchingthevirusandfallill.TheWestNilevirusisspreadamonghumans.ItkilledsevenpeopleinNewYorklastyear.（北京海淀一模C篇）WhyareCanadianofficialsplacingchickensalongtheborder?A.Tohelpcleanuptheborder. B.Toseeifthevirusisstillaround.C.Toprotectthechickensfromfallingill. D.Tomakesurethatthebirdscanfindfood.3.FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(损害）byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.（北京朝阳一模C篇）Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10% B.30% C.40% D.50%参考答案：BBD题型题型二：推理推断题说明推理推断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维实力，即要求学生依据文章的逻辑关系进行推理推断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、看法等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.依据文章所供应的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.依据作者的意图和看法进行推断典题练习1.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滚屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包袱）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.（北京东城一模D篇）Thewriteragrees . A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly2.“Perfectionistkidsareoftendrivenbyparents.”Asaparent,seewhetheryouarepushingyourchildtofeellikeshecan'tmakeasinglemistake.Doyoutalkabouttopschoolseveryday?Doyoumakeahugedealoutofagradethatisn'tanA?“Youcanaskyourchild,‘WhydoyouthinkyouhavetogetstraightA's?”,Franksays.There'smoretolife.Parentscanoffertheirchildrenopportunitiestohavefun.“Modelhardwork,relaxation,laughter,andjoy,”hesays.“It'snotwhatyousaytokids,it'showyoulive.”（北京东城二模D篇）Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergivetotheparentsofperfectionistchildren?A.Choosingtopschoolsfortheirchildren.B.Doingsomethingenjoyablewiththeirchildren.C.Preventingtheirchildrenfrommakingmistakes.D.Offeringalotofhelpwiththeirchildren'sstudy.3.WhilethereareclearlybothadvantagesanddisadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonallylikemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!Whataboutyou?Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?（北京海淀二模C篇）Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatthewriter_______.A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatchB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkindofsmartphonesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime参考答案：BBD题型题型三：词义揣测题说明单词的揣测实力是阅读理解实力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要依据文中语境来推断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系揣测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系揣测词义3.通过构词法揣测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来揣测词义5.通过描述揣测词义6.用学问和生活阅历揣测词义7.依据上下文的指代关系揣测词义典题练习1.Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.（北京东城一模D篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.2.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?（北京海淀一模D篇）A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.3.Bothcompaniesandindividuals（个人）canbenefitfromtelework.Onebenefitforcompaniesisthatitcansavemoney.Itcanalsohelpimprovemorale.Thisisbecauseworkerswhohavechoicesabouthowtheyworkareoftenhappier.Ifworkersarehappier,theyarelikelytodobetterjobs.Thisisgoodforthecompany.Asforindividuals,theycansavemoneybycuttingdowntheirtransportationcosts.Theyalsosavetimebecausetheydonothavetogototheofficeeveryday.Dependingonhowoftentheyworkfromhome,telecommuterscansavebetween15and25workdayseveryyear.（北京东城二模C篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“morale”probablymean?A.Health. B.Abilities. C.Spirits. D.Wealth.参考答案：ABC题型题型四：主旨大意题说明考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领悟和理解实力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.阅读文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.阅读全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以驾驭主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题练习1.Isthisasmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearance,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects（方面）ofthenewdevice.Isitapositivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesthroughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?（北京海淀二模C篇）Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheAppleWatch：TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch：SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch：TechnologyGoneTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch：AConvenientWaytoExercise?2.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.（北京东城一模D篇）What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?2015hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitMalaysiathannow.Justturnthepagetoseesomeoftheimportanteventstakingplaceoverthenext12months.AndformoreinformationontravelingtoMalaysia,pleasevisit.my.（北京朝阳二模C篇）Whatisthewriter’spurposeinthepassage?A.ToencourageustovisitMalaysia. B.Toreportsomeinterestingfestivals.C.Tosharehisownexperience. D.Tointroduceaforeigncountry.参考答案：CDA语篇练习语篇练习北京中考阅读理解CD篇分类练习日常生活类（北京中考C篇）AreYouRightHandedorLeftHanded?Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Whatcausespeopletobelefthandedorrighthanded?Expertshavesearchedlongandhardonthis.Theyconclude（得出结论）thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-hander.It’ssimplylikethecolorofoureyes–somepeoplehavebrowneyes,whilesomeothershaveblackeyes.However,mayresearchersthinkthatleft-handersandright-handersaredifferentinsomeaspects.Right-handersaremoretalkativeandoutgoingthanleft-handers.Manyright-handedpeopleunderstandspokenwordsbetter.Forexample,aftertheylistentodirectionstoasupermarket,theycanfinditeasily.Right-handersaregoodatorganizingpeople,too.Theyarealsobetterbasketballguards.JustaskYaoMing.Researchshowsthatleft-handersarecreativeandartistic.Manyfamousperformers,likeJimCarreyandPaulMcCartney,arelefthanded.Manyleft-handerslearnbettervisually（在视觉方面）.Inart,bothLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelowerelefthanded.Inmusic,LudwigvanBeethovenwaslefthanded.Inscience,youfindNewtonandEinstein.Theleft-handedpeoplearealsoreallygoodattennisandothersinglesports.Ifyoupreferonehand,butyouarestillgoodatwritingwiththeother,youaremixed.Researchshowsmixed-handerscanremembereverydaythingsbetterthanotherpeople.Whatdidyoueatforlunchtwoweeksago?Ifyou’remixedhanded,youcanprobablyremember.1.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcuttingC.feelawkward D.changetheirtools2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.3.Accordingtothepassage,right-handers.A.learnbettervisuallyB.aregoodorganizersC.arebetteratsinglesportsD.givecleardirectionstoothers4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatleft-handers.A.maybemoretalkativeandoutgoingB.areordinarypeoplelikeright-handersC.mightremembereverydaythingsbetterD.nolongerneedtouseright-handedtools北京中考D篇ShouldChildrenBeAllowedtoGetBored?Childrenneedtimetostandandstare.Theyshouldbeallowedtogetboredtothattheycandeveloptheirabilitytobecreative.Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.Dr.Beltonisanexpertontheeffectsofemotionsonlearning.“Boredomcouldbeanuncomfortablefeeling,”shesaid.“Butsomeyoungpeoplecannotdealwiththatboredomcreatively.Sosometimestheymaybreakaclassroomwindow,ordriveacaroutforamadrace.”Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.Theirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaroundthem.Itisthiskindofthinkingthatcaninspiretheimagination.Ontheotherhand,theTVorphonemaycutshortthethinkingprocess.Thatcanbeharmfultothedevelopmentofcreativity.“Fordevelopingtheabilitytobecreative,”Dr.Beltonadvised,“perhapsweneedtostandandstare,andstayoff-linefromtimetotime.”1.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.2.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B.It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C.Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficultiesproperly.D.It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences.北京东城一模C篇Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAuggie,whofeelsnormalbutlooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbeentoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimathome.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Auggie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessomegoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripandafrighteningeventtherechangesthingscompletely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasagoodsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Butthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.北京西城一模C篇Askids,welearnhowtowrite,maybeplayamusicalinstrumentanddraw.Sowhydon’twelearntocode(编码)computerprogramstoo?Whatcodinghasincommonwithwriting,playingmusicandcreatingartisthatitletsyoubringyourideastolife.Codingisallaboutcreativityandthat’swhyIloveit.CreatingwithcodeCoderDojohelpsyoungpeoplearoundtheworldtolearncomputerprogrammingforfree.WhenIwenttomyfirstCoderDojoclassinDublinCityUniversityinIreland,atagenine,Ididn’tknowanythingaboutcodingorevenwhatitwas.ButIremembermakingmyveryfirstwebpagethatfirstday,andbeingsurprisedthatIcouldcreatesuchathing.ItwasagreatfeelingthatIthinkeveryyoungpersonshouldexperience!BygoingtoCoderDojoeveryweek,Ilearnedhowtomakewebsites,appsandgames.OneofmyappsiscalledAuto-Journalist.Itcanhelpjournalists(记者)andintervieweesdointerviewseveniftheyarebothreallybusyorliveindifferenttimezones.Itisstillindevelopment,andIhaveshoweditatalleventcalledCoolestProjectsAwards,whereyoungpeoplegettoshowthepublicwhattheyhavecreatedwithcode.It’ssomuchfuntoshareone’screations,andtoseewhateveryoneelsehasmadetoo.LearningenvironmentForthepastthreeyearsIhavealsobeenhelpingtoteachotheryoungpeopleatCoderDojoDCU.InrecentyearsIhavealsonoticedmanymoregirlsattendingCoderDojoDCUtotryoutcoding.ThishasalottodowiththeCoderDojogirls’classes—girlsandyoungwomentakepartinitwiththeirfriends，anditdoesn’tfeellikecodingisa“boything”.Itisreallywonderfultoseethis,becauseweneedmoregirlsandwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMaths).It’sagoodwaytolearnmoreabouttechnology.StartearlyOneofthemainthingsIhavelearnedinthelastfewyearsisthatcodingisnotonlyforadults,codingisforyoungpeople,too.Andwhenyouareachilditisagreattimetostartcoding,becauseyourimaginationisthelimitforwhatyoucancreate!Wanttolearnmore?FindoutifthereisaCoderDojonearyouatCoderdojo.comorsetoneupyourself!AlsocheckoutCode.orgwhichhaslotsoffundrag-and-dropcodinggames.1.Inthewriter’sfirstcodingclass,she_______.A.madeappsandgames B.createdawebpageC.wrotefornewspapers D.didsomeinterviews2.Whydomoregirlsbegintolearncoding?A.Therearecodingclassesforgirls.B.Girlswanttolearna“boything”.C.TherearemoregirlsinSTEM.D.Girlscanmeetcoolboysthere.3.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofcoding?A.Itisbetterthanplayingmusic.B.Itlimitschildren’simagination.C.Itstopspeoplefromlearningfast.D.Ithelpschildrenwiththeircreativity.4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.StartCodingasEarlyasPossibleB.ComeforFuninCoderDojoClassC.KidsShouldHaveChancestoLearntoCodeD.STEMISCallingforMoreGirlsandWomen北京海淀一模D篇Livingnexttonextistheprinciple(原则)ofaneighbor.Goodneighborlinessistheidealtobeaimedat.Asthesayinggoes,nomanisanisland;hehastolivewithhisneighbors.Tomakelifeeasyandpleasant,hemustcooperatewithhisneighbors.Whetheronelikesitornot,onecannotdowithoutneighbors.Normallyonemaythinkhecandowithoutneighborsbecausehecanmanageallcomfortsandservices,sotheservicesortheneedforafriendmaynothappen.However,thesympathy(怜悯),admirationandappreciationwhichaneighbormayofferwillhaveagreathumanizinginfluence.Toshareone’sviewandsometimesevensadness,oneneedssomeneighbors.Butallneighborsarenotalwayskeepingthefriendlyrelationship.Stressesandtension(惊慌)developbecauseofmisunderstanding.Veryoftenchildrenmaybethecausefortensefeelings.Theneighbor’ssonmaypickaflowerorafruitfromyourgardenandanargumentmayfollow.Againhemaythrowhisballatyourwindowbreakingit.Thesearecommoncasessofarastheyoungeroneisconcernedbutitisfortheelderstoviewthemwithcalmnessandmakeupforit.Thismayreadeasyonpaperbutnotsoinreallife.Butbeingbroadminded,onemustbeabletotolerate(容忍).Anotherreasonfortensionmaybetheanimals.Yourneighbor’sdogmaybearealtroubleorhischickenswouldcomeintoyourgardenandeatawayyourplants.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Neighborlinessisnotonlyforpeoplebutitisalsolargelyimportantbetweenneighboringcountries.Historyhasgotalottoteachonthis.Unlesscountrieslearntoliveasgoodneighbors,therecannotbepeaceonearth.Sochildrenmustbetaughtathomeandintheschooltocooperatewiththeneighborsandbefriendlywiththem.Thebasicruleistogiveandtakeandtodevelopasensethattheothermanhasasmuchrightasyoudo,andsomedegreeoftoleranceisverynecessary.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Oneisoftenneededbyhisfamily.B.Noonelikestobealoneonanisland.C.Everyonehastolivewithhisneighbors.D.Everyonelivesaneasyandpleasantlife.2.Whichofthefollowingmaycausemisunderstanding?A.Hobbiesandhabits. B.Childrenandpets.C.Sportsandgames. D.Likesanddislikes.3.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.4.Inthepassage,thewritertriesto____.A.showtheimportantofgettingonwithneighborsB.teachthebasicrulesofbehavingwellathomeC.explainthereasonsoflearningteamworkD.introducewaysofbeingabetterperson北京朝阳一模D篇EatingTogetherAftermymotherpassedawayandmybrotherwenttostudyinNewZealand,thefirstthingthatreallyfeltdifferentwasthedinnertable.MyfatherandIbeganeatingseparately.Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.Then,afewweeksbeforeIwassettoleaveforuniversity,myfatherwalkeddownstairs.“Youknow,Ithinkweshouldstarteatingtogetherevenifit’sjustyouandme,”hesaid.“Yourmotherwouldhavewantedthat.”Itwasn’tperfect—themealswemadeweren’tamazingandwemissedMomandmybrother.Buttherewassomethingspecialaboutsettingasidetimetobewithmyfather.Itwasacomfortablemomenttogetawayfrombusydays：anexcusetotalk,tothinkabouttheday,andrecentevents.Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittleofus—andyetitwassurelyoneofthehappiestpartsofmyday.Sadly,Americanshardlyeattogetheranymore.Infact,mostAmericanfamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherlessthanfivedaysaweek.It’sapitythatsomanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones,andit’sevenmorethanthat.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理上地）.Childrenwhodonoteatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleasttwiceaweekwere40%morelikelytobeoverweightcomparedtothosewhodo.Andstudentswhodonoteatwiththeirparentsaremorelikelytobetruantatschool.Justtheopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.Theyalsoreportbeingcloserwiththeirparentsthanchildrenwhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentslessoften,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheNationalCenteratColumbiaUniversity.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(养分角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?Perhapsseeingeatingtogetherasanopportunitytogetawaywithstress,achancetocatchupwiththosewhomwelovecouldhelpourchildrendobetterinschool,getinbettershape,andbelesslikelytohaveproblems.Eatingtogetheralsoleadschildrentoreportbetterrelationshipswiththeirparentsands