材料概论双语题库及答案

材料概论双语题库及答案

单项选择题1.Whatisthemaincomponentofsteel?()A.CarbonB.SiliconC.IronD.Manganese2.Whichofthefollowingmaterialsisaceramic?()A.GlassB.PlasticC.WoodD.Rubber3.Theprocessofchangingamaterial'sshapebyapplyingforceiscalled()A.FormingB.MachiningC.CastingD.Welding4.Whichpropertydeterminesamaterial'sabilitytoresistwear?()A.HardnessB.DuctilityC.BrittlenessD.Toughness5.Whatisthemainadvantageofcompositematerials?()A.HighcostB.LightweightandhighstrengthC.DifficulttoprocessD.Lowdurability6.Metalsaregoodconductorsof()A.HeatandelectricityB.SoundC.LightD.Magnetism7.Whichofthefollowingisathermoplasticpolymer?()A.PolyethyleneB.EpoxyC.PhenolicD.Vulcanizedrubber8.Theabilityofamaterialtoabsorbenergyanddeformplasticallybeforefractureis()A.ToughnessB.HardnessC.BrittlenessD.Ductility9.Whatisthemostcommoncrystalstructureofmetals?()A.CubicB.HexagonalC.TetragonalD.Orthorhombic10.Whichmaterialiswidelyusedinelectricalwiringduetoitsgoodelectricalconductivity?()A.AluminumB.CopperC.SteelD.Brass答案:1.C2.A3.A4.A5.B6.A7.A8.A9.A10.B多项选择题1.Whichofthefollowingarepropertiesofmaterials?()A.MechanicalpropertiesB.PhysicalpropertiesC.ChemicalpropertiesD.Biologicalproperties2.Commonmetalformingprocessesinclude()A.ForgingB.RollingC.ExtrusionD.Milling3.Polymerscanbeclassifiedas()A.ThermoplasticsB.ThermosetsC.ElastomersD.Fibers4.Factorsaffectingthecorrosionofmetalsare()A.EnvironmentB.MetalcompositionC.TemperatureD.Humidity5.Compositematerialsarecomposedof()A.MatrixB.ReinforcementC.AdditivesD.Lubricants6.Goodthermalinsulationmaterialsinclude()A.FiberglassB.FoamplasticsC.CeramicsD.Metals7.Methodsofheattreatmentformetalsare()A.AnnealingB.HardeningC.TemperingD.Machining8.Whichofthefollowingareceramicmaterials?()A.AluminaB.SiliconcarbideC.TungstencarbideD.Graphite9.Theadvantagesofusingplasticsinclude()A.LowcostB.LightweightC.CorrosionresistanceD.Highstrength10.Non-destructivetestingmethodsformaterialsare()A.UltrasonictestingB.X-raytestingC.MagneticparticletestingD.Visualinspection答案:1.ABC2.ABC3.ABC4.ABCD5.AB6.AB7.ABC8.ABC9.ABC10.ABCD判断题1.Allmetalsaremagnetic.()2.Ceramicsarealwaysbrittle.()3.Polymershavehighmeltingpoints.()4.Heattreatmentcanonlyimprovethehardnessofmetals.()5.Compositesarealwaysexpensivetoproduce.()6.Metalsexpandwhenheated.()7.Glassisacrystallinematerial.()8.Ductilityistheabilityofamaterialtobedrawnintowires.()9.Allplasticsarerecyclable.()10.Thedensityofmetalsisgenerallyhigherthanthatofpolymers.(）答案:1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.√7.×8.√9.×10.√简答题1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenmetalsandceramicsintermsofproperties?答案:金属具有良好的导电性、导热性、延展性,密度较大;陶瓷硬度高、耐高温、化学稳定性好,但脆性大、导电性差。2.Brieflyexplaintheconceptofcompositematerials.答案:复合材料由基体和增强体组成,通过合理组合发挥各组分优点,具有比单一材料更优异的性能,如轻质高强等。3.Howcanthestrengthofametalbeimproved?答案:可通过合金化添加其他元素,进行适当的热处理如淬火、回火等,以及冷加工变形等方式提高金属强度。4.Whatarethecharacteristicsofpolymers?答案:质轻,有多种成型方法,电绝缘性好,化学稳定性多样,部分有弹性,但强度和耐热性一般不如金属和陶瓷。讨论题1.Discusstheimportanceofmaterialselectioninengineeringdesign.答案:合适材料决定产品性能、成本和寿命。选材料要考虑多种性能要求,如力学、物理、化学性能等,满足设计功能同时兼顾经济性和加工性等,确保产品质量和竞争力。2.Howtodealwiththeproblemofmaterialwasteinindustrialproduction?答案:可优化生产工艺减少废料产生,加强废料回收利用,建立完善回收体系,提高资源利用率,研发可降解或易回收材料,从源头和过程控制材料浪费。3.Analyzethefuturedevelopmenttrendofcompositematerials.答案:未来复合材料将向高性能化发展,强度、模量等性能