【《车用生物可降解材料发展文献综述》1600字】

车用生物可降解材料发展文献综述可降解材料不单具有传统塑料的质量较轻、化学性质稳定、强度较高、易于机械加工、成本低廉的主要特点，并且在废弃后又不会对生态环境造成一系列污染问题，所以此类材料被广泛地应用于汽车制造零部件、环境保护、农业及医药等领域。根据美国实验材料学会ASTM，给出了其定义。这种材料在一定条件下，可被细菌、真菌以及存在于人类自然界的各种微生物降解，或在人体或其他动物的组织、酶、细胞、体液的促进下，发生一系列化学物质，生物或物理效应使其转变成对生态环境和各种生物非有害的小分子材料ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>朱常英</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620544140">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>朱常英</author><author>由英才</author><author>寇小娣</author><author>徐家毅</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>南开大学化学系!天津300071,南开大学化学系!天津300071,南开大学化学系!天津300071,南开大学化学系!天津300071</auth-address><titles><title>含淀粉生物降解型塑料</title><secondary-title>离子交换与吸附</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>离子交换与吸附</full-title></periodical><pages>182-187</pages><number>02</number><keywords><keyword>淀粉</keyword><keyword>含淀粉塑料</keyword><keyword>生物降解塑料</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year></dates><isbn>1001-5493</isbn><call-num>12-1147</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。如图1-1所示，从源头上，这类聚合物可以细分为这三类ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>翁云宣</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>33</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>33</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1621070490">33</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>翁云宣</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>北京工商大学;</auth-address><titles><title>2016生物基材料专刊序言</title><secondary-title>生物工程学报</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>生物工程学报</full-title></periodical><pages>711-714</pages><volume>32</volume><number>06</number><keywords><keyword>生物基材料</keyword><keyword>聚羟基烷酸酯</keyword><keyword>聚乳酸</keyword><keyword>生物基聚酰胺</keyword><keyword>生物基纤维</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1000-3061</isbn><call-num>11-1998/Q</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zaaba</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>34</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1621070568">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zaaba</author><author>Ismail</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>SchoolofMaterialsandMineralResourcesEngineering,UniversitiSainsMalaysia,Penang,Malaysia</auth-address><titles><title>Areviewontensileandmorphologicalpropertiesofpoly(lacticacid)(PLA)/thermoplasticstarch(TPS)blends</title><secondary-title>Polymer-PlasticsTechnologyandMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Polymer-PlasticsTechnologyandMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>58</volume><number>18</number><keywords><keyword>Poly(lacticacid)</keyword><keyword>Thermoplasticstarch</keyword><keyword>Tensileproperties</keyword><keyword>Morphologicalproperties</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>2574-0881</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Dicker</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>35</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1621070801">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>MichaelP.M.Dicker</author><author>PeterF.Duckworth</author><author>AnnaB.Baker</author><author>GuillaumeFrancois</author><author>MarkK.Hazzard</author><author>PaulM.Weaver</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>AdvancedCompositesCentreforInnovationandScience(ACCIS),UniversityofBristol,Queen’sBuilding,UniversityWalk,BristolBS81TR,UK</auth-address><titles><title>Greencomposites:Areviewofmaterialattributesandcomplementaryapplications</title><secondary-title>CompositesPartA</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CompositesPartA</full-title></periodical><volume>56</volume><keywords><keyword>A.Fibres</keyword><keyword>A.Polymer–matrixcomposites(PMCs)</keyword><keyword>B.Environmentaldegradation</keyword><keyword>B.Mechanicalproperties</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1359-835X</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]：天然聚合物、微生物合成聚合物以及化学合成的聚合物。跟传统石油基材料相比，生物基改性材料的优点有以下几点ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>陈国强</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>10</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620547097">10</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>陈国强</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>清华大学生命科学学院;</auth-address><titles><title>生物基材料</title><secondary-title>中国基础科学</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中国基础科学</full-title></periodical><pages>90-95</pages><volume>11</volume><number>05</number><keywords><keyword>生物基材料</keyword><keyword>生物材料</keyword><keyword>生物技术</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>1009-2412</isbn><call-num>11-4427/G3</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]：（1）从再生农业资源中获取，且可以利用农业废料进行再生产，成本低较为低廉；（2）生物基材料的生产将同时消耗地球上大量的温室气体；（3）制作成型的温度低，可节省大量的能源，降低能耗；（4）废弃物具有可再生性能，或可制成堆肥处理利用；（5）物理和机械性能可以通过聚合物系统控制ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ivan</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620546871">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>FortelnyIvan</author><author>UjcicAleksandra</author><author>FambriLuca</author><author>SloufMiroslav</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>InstituteofMacromolecularChemistry,CzechAcademyofSciences,Prague,Czechia;DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,UniversityofTrento,Trento,Italy</auth-address><titles><title>PhaseStructure,Compatibility,andToughnessofPLA/PCLBlends:AReview</title><secondary-title>FrontiersinMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FrontiersinMaterials</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>biopolymerblends</keyword><keyword>poly(lacticacid)</keyword><keyword>polycaprolactone</keyword><keyword>impactstrength</keyword><keyword>crystallinity</keyword><keyword>particlesizedistribution</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>2296-8016</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]。图1-1生物可降解材料来源分类生物基材料除了使用传统的加工方式应用在汽车上之外，还有两种应用方式:一种是生物基质原料通过自然发酵和一系列化学合成，转化为可替代石油基质塑料的高分子聚合物；另一种是用天然纤维取代玻璃纤维作为新型复合材料的增强体ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>徐晓强</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>4</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>4</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620545002">4</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>徐晓强</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>吴宏武,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>改性剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能和降解行为研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>剑麻纤维</keyword><keyword>聚乳酸</keyword><keyword>接枝共聚</keyword><keyword>生物降解</keyword><keyword>复合材料</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><publisher>华南理工大学</publisher><work-type>硕士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]。在20世纪30年代，生物基材料就已经广泛被用于开发生产各类车用零部件，美国著名的汽车界大亨福特公司在汽车组件研发生产中首次使用天然植物（如大麻、大豆、棉花等）为原材料，并于1941年成功研制出一辆用大豆基复合材料为车身面板的汽车，如图1-2所示，这就是由福特公司研究出的著名的“大豆车”。这款车集成并应用了许多生物基原料，其中包括农业废秸秆、亚麻和豆粕等生物基原料，而金菊黄乳胶则被用在该车轮胎上，这辆大豆车的重量约为普通汽车的65%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Akampumuza</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620545528">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ObedAkampumuza</author><author>PaulMWambua</author><author>AzzamAhmed</author><author>WeiLi</author><author>Xiao-HongQin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Reviewoftheapplicationsofbiocompositesintheautomotiveindustry</title><secondary-title>PolymerComposites</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PolymerComposites</full-title></periodical><volume>38</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0272-8397</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Frederick

T.

Wallenberger</Author><RecNum>6</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620545764">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Frederick

T.

Wallenberger</author><author>Norman

E.

Weston</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>NaturalFibers,PlasticsandComposites</title></titles><pages>2004</pages><dates><pub-dates><date>2004-01-01</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>Springer,Boston,MA</publisher><isbn>9781441990501</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]。此外福特公司还对这辆大豆车的车身面板进行消防斧测试，试验结果表明大豆基车身面板也具有良好的强度和刚度。图1-21941年美国福特公司研发的大豆车经过几十年的工业发展和社会进步，直到20世纪中期，椰子纤维被用于汽车座椅上，而用木粉增强改性的PP复合材料也被作为汽车内饰的原料ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Boland</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>7</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>7</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620546181">7</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ClaireS.Boland</author><author>RobbKleine</author><author>GregoryA.Keoleian</author><author>EllenC.Lee</author><author>HyungChulKim</author><author>TimothyJ.Wallington</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>LifeCycleImpactsofNaturalFiberCompositesforAutomotiveApplications:EffectsofRenewableEnergyContentandLightweighting</title><secondary-title>JournalofIndustrialEcology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofIndustrialEcology</full-title></periodical><volume>20</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>bio‐basedmaterials</keyword><keyword>biogeniccarbon</keyword><keyword>industrialecology</keyword><keyword>plasticcomposites</keyword><keyword>renewableenergy</keyword><keyword>vehiclelightweighting</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1088-1980</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]。20世纪90年代之初，汽车制造领域开始广泛应用生物基材料。它们主要用于非结构性组件（如门内置面板、座椅靠背等）和能够适应恶劣环境变化的外饰件两个方面。ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>杨德旭</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620546317">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>杨德旭</author><author>鲁博</author><author>张林文</author><author>陈淳</author></authors><subsidiary-authors><author>中国硅酸盐学会玻璃钢学会、《玻璃钢/复合材料》杂志社,</author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><auth-address>北京玻璃钢研究设计院;北京玻璃钢研究设计院;北京玻璃钢研究设计院;北京玻璃钢研究设计院;</auth-address><titles><title>天然纤维复合材料在汽车上的应用</title><secondary-title>第十六届玻璃钢/复合材料学术年会</secondary-title></titles><pages>5</pages><keywords><keyword>天然纤维</keyword><keyword>复合材料</keyword><keyword>汽车</keyword><keyword>应用</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year></dates><pub-location>中国安徽黄山</pub-location><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]。1996年著名的梅赛德斯--奔驰e级车的门内饰板就是应用了黄麻纤维来增强其性能的环氧树脂复合材料。此外，奥迪公司在2002年推出的A2车，则是利用麻纤维/聚亚胺酯复合材料来当门内饰板。2003年由日本丰田公司研发的Raum车的备胎外罩则是采用洋麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料，该备胎外罩是100%的生物基环保材料ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>张慧君</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5rfzs9tw9aeeswesve6vwff19arvvfxsef5r"timestamp="1620547301">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>张慧君</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>华晨汽车集团控股有限公司;</auth-address><titles><title>生物塑料在汽车上的应用与展望</title><secondary-title>橡塑资源利用</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>橡塑资源利用</full-title></periodical><pages>33-36</pages><number>02</number><keywords><keyword>生物塑料</keyword><keyword>汽车</keyword><keyword>应用</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><call-num>12-1350/TQ</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]，该车的地板衬垫则是利用竹纤维/聚丁烯琥珀酸酯复合材料。在2008年夏天，丰田公司又推出两款座椅和靠背都是大豆基复合材料的车型。后来2011年，深受消费者欢迎的CT200车型上的许多零部件采用了甘蔗制成的生态塑料。参考文献ADDINEN.REFLIST[1]刘永涛,赵俊玮,乔洁,等.我国汽车产品再制造的问题剖析与对策建议[J].汽车工程学报,2018,8(03):168-175.[2]孔茗.新环保要求下报废车用塑料回收利用现状分析与展望[J].塑料科技,2018,46(06):127-130.[3]OeverMVD,MolenveldK.Replacingfossilbasedplasticperformanceproductsbybio-basedplasticproducts—Technicalfeasibility[J].NewBIOTECHNOLOGY,2017