08.并列句和状语从句

并列句和状语从句汇报人：一、并列句【考题再现】①(2024·福州模拟)Ithashelpedmegrowasaperson_____Ihaveawholenewrespectforallthefarmers.②(2023·全国甲卷短文改错改编)Iusedtobeafraidofinsects,_____lastFriday’sbiologyclassmadeabigchangeinme.and

but

【要点归纳】并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列连词的用法用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...等*Not

onlycanhesingwell,but

alsohecanplaytheguitar.用法连词例句表转折、对比关系but,while等*Itoftenrainsinthesouth,whileitseldomrainsinthenorth.表选择关系either...or...,or等*Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.表因果关系for,so等*Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.【特别提示】(1)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点,有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Hurryup,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.Onemorehourandwewillgeteverythingreadyfortakeoff.(2)下列句型中常用并列连词when:①begoingtodosth.when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)……”②beabouttodosth.when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)……”③beonthepointofdoingsth.when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)……”④bedoingsth.when...“正在做某事,这时(突然)……”⑤hadjustdonesth.when...“刚做了某事,这时(突然)……”注:以上句型中的be通常是过去式。【要点巩固】①(2024·北京昌平模拟)Toremaincompetitivethroughouttheircareers,studentsneedtolearnhowtouseanAIwritingtooltomakeworthwhileoutput_____theyshouldknowhowtoevaluateitsquality,accuracyandoriginality.②(2024·三明模拟)Ireceivedthecardjustafewdayslater,_____thatmademylifemoreefficient.③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)Shanghaimaybetherecognizedhomeofthesoupdumplings_____foodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongbao’sbirthplace.and

and

but

④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编)Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,_________bynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.⑤(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C改编)Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,_____theyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.whether

but

二、状语从句考点1

常见状语从句的连词【考题再现】①(2024·北京丰台模拟)Alsoknownasbreakdancing,itwillbecomeoneoftheOlympicsports_______theGamesareheldin2024.②(2024·北京昌平模拟)Soittakesseveralmonthsalone_______goodteaproductsarereadyforconsumers.③(2024·洛阳模拟)_______theirdiscoveryinthe1920s,theSalawusuartifactshavebeenamongthemostimportantPaleolithicfindingsinEastAsia.when

before

Since

【要点归纳】1.时间状语从句(1)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句谓语动词用法指津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生;当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生,可译为“一边……一边……;随着”WhenIarrivedatthecinema,themoviehadalreadystarted.Whilewewerechattingshewasreadingcomics.Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.连词词义常用句式before在……之前;还未……就……;……才……;趁……;还没来得及……①Itwill(not)be+一段时间+before...“(没有)过……(时间)才……”②Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久就……”③Itwas+时间段+before...“过了……(时间)才……”since自从……以来Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...(从句用一般过去时)(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句Itwon’tbelongbeforeyouregretwhatyouhavedone.Itwassometimebeforethedooropenedinresponsetohisring.Ithasbeentwoyearssinceheworkedhere.(3)表示“一……就……”的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句①引导时间状语从句,且表示“一……就……”的词或短语有assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...等。Heleftthe

minuteyouturnedbacktowriteontheblackboard.Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.Thescienceofengineeringbeganas

soon

ashumanslearnedtousetools.②hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...中主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当nosooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。Hardly

hadthegamebegunwhenitstartedraining.No

sooner

hadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.连词位置用法注意事项until可以放在句首not...until可用于强调句型①until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词②notuntil位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句Youmustkeeponfightinguntil/tillthefinalvictorybelongstoyou.Iwon’tgowithyouuntil/tillIfinishmyhomework.Not

untilwepointedouttheirfaultdidtheyrealizeit.(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)after,whenever,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirst/lasttime,anytime,bythetime,theday/year等。Every

timeIcatchsightofmyselfinthemirror,Ifeelsoconfident.By

the

timehegotthere,hisfriendshadalreadymovedupnorth.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词if,unless,as/solongas,incase(万一),once,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),supposing(that)等。Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.Icantellyouthetruthon

condition

thatyoupromisetokeepitasecret.Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided

thatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(2)条件状语从句的时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.引导词位置语序特别说明although灵活正常①although与though都可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用②though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末③whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句,但“nomatter+疑问词”不可以though灵活正常或倒装as句首倒装(即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词)while句首正常evenif与even

though灵活正常nomatter+疑问词/疑问词+-ever灵活正常whether...ornot句首正常3.让步状语从句Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,(still)hekeptonworking.Childas/thoughhewas,hedidquitewell.Wemadeatripeven

thoughtheweatherwasbad.No

matter

whathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.4.结果状语从句(1)so...that中so后面跟形容词或副词。Theboyisso

young

thathecan’tdothatbyhimself.(2)such...that中such后面跟名词。Itissuch

nice

weather

thatwedecidetogotothebeach.5.原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问,语气最强,一般放在主句之后。—Whydidn’tyoutellme,Archie?—Ididn’ttellyoubecauseyoumighthavecasuallymentionedittosomebodyelse.(2)since/nowthat表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放在句首。Sinceyouhavestartedthejob,youmightaswellfinishit.Now

thatweareallpartoftheglobalvillage,everyonebecomesaneighbour.(3)as引导的从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中。Asshegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.【要点巩固】①(2024·枣庄模拟)InJuly2001,RagionewasinChina_______Beijingwontherighttohostthe2008OlympicGames.②(2022·浙江1月高考阅读B改编)Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativesolively_____attimesitreadslikeanovel.③(2024·保定模拟)__________it’sbodyimage,money,orfame,humblebraggingisfindingitswayintoourlivesmorefrequentlythanbefore,thankstosocialmedia.④(2024·平顶山模拟)Simple__________itlooks,thejobisquiteaburden(负担)ontheirshoulders.⑤(2022·全国乙卷阅读C改编)Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,so_____fast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.when

that

Whether

as/though

that

考点2

其他状语从句【要点归纳】1.地点状语从句(1)where与wherever意义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书面语。ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple.Whereverthefilmstargoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.2.目的状语从句(1)sothat/inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can,could等。Youhavetocarryacellphoneso

thattheycancallyouupatanytime.(2)forfearthat(唯恐,以防)与incase引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词有时也用should/might/could+动词原形。Hewasverycautiousfor

fear

thatheshouldbetoblameforanythingwrong.3.方式状语从句(1)as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照”。She’soldenoughtohavethefreedomtodoasshelikes.(2)asif和asthough的意义和用法基本一样;从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。Thistimeitlooksas

if

we’rereallygoingtogetsomewhere.Localresidentssaiditwasas

if

there

had

beenanuclearexplosion.4.比较状语从句(1)as...as,notso/as...as,thesame...as表示相同程度的比较,肯定句用as...as,否定句可用notas...as或notso...as。Theveryfirstcanonofnursingistokeeptheairinsideas

fresh

astheairoutside.Ihaveneverseenso

much

rain

asitfellthatFebruary.(2)than表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。Iconsidernothingmoreimportantinmylifethansongwriting.【要点巩固】①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C改编)Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicine_______hensareinuse.②(2022·浙江1月高考读后续写改编)Iwentuptomynewteammateandintroducedmyself.Helookedatmeas__________Iweren’tthere.③(2022·全国乙卷阅读D改编)TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoney____Ministersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.④(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D改编)Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnatureso_____wecaninteractwithit.where

if/though

as

that

【教师备选】考点1

状语从句的时态呼应1.在when,assoonas,themoment,if,unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”的原则,常常要用一般现在时表示将来的意义。I’lltelephoneyouassoonasIgethome.Wewillnotattackunlessweare

attacked.2.since引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般过去时,主句用完成时或现在完成进行时。Twoweekshas

passedsincethenewtermbegan.Ihave

been

missinghersincesheleft.3.nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。Ihadhardlycomeintotheroomwhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadtheyfinishedajobthanthenewtaskcame.4.在bythetime引导的时间状语从句中,这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止,主句常用完成时态。从句若用一般过去时,主句则用过去完成时。Shehad

slippedintoacomabythetimeshereachedthehospital.考点2

状语从句的省略和简化1.状语从句的“省略和简化”现象常存在于以下5种状语从句中:①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。2.状语从句省略必须同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句谓语是be动词的某种形式。若如此,则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.3.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常简化为以下几种句式:连词+形容词/名词/非谓语动词(doing/done/todo)/介词短语。Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.Unless(youare)invitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Hestoodupasif(hewere)to

saysomething.【特别提示】语法填空题并列句和状语从句考法1.完整的句子中,如果两个单词或短语并列,要填并列连词;2.若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,空格处必定填连词;3.牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;4.全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词,熟悉它们的用法;5.准确判断主从句的逻辑关系,同时要注意区分易混词。并列句和状语从句在写作中都是经常用到的语法项目,尤其是状语从句的使用,经常可以为主要事件提供更多的细节支撑,让写作饱满、丰厚起来,如2023年新高考Ⅰ卷的书面表达:IpromisedthatIwouldliveuptohisexpectationandneverstopwritinginEnglishthoughitwasmysecondlanguage.我保证我不会辜负他的期望,尽管英语是我的第二语言,但我永远不会停止用英语写作。that引导了____________中的宾语从句,though引导了______________,把自己要坚持写作的决心、信心都淋漓尽致地表现出来。名词性从句让步状语从句

高考真题训练1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出),____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop_____toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.3.(2023·全国乙卷)Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,_____somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.4.(2023·浙江高考·1月卷)DuringChina’sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijing_____arrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.or

and

but

and

5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,_____leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.6.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hehungonforafewminutes_____screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn’thearhim.7.(2022·全国乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation_____culturalexchanges.and

and

and

8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编