2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解长篇阅读词汇突破与真题答案

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解长篇阅读词汇突破与真题答案考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷PartADirections:Inthepassagebelow,eachparagraphisprecededbyaletter.ReadthepassageandwriteonlytheletteroftheparagraphonthecorrespondinglineonAnswerSheet2whichcontainsthemostappropriatetitlefortheparagraph.AInrecentyears,thephenomenonofurbanheatislands(UHIs)hasgarneredsignificantattentionduetoitsdetrimentaleffectsonurbanlivingenvironments.Ascitiesexpandandpopulationsgrow,theconcentrationofbuildings,roads,andotherinfrastructurereplacesvegetationandwaterbodies,whichnaturallycoolthelandsurface.Thisreplacement,combinedwithhumanactivitieslikevehicleemissionsandairconditioningunits,leadstoanoticeabletemperatureriseinurbanareascomparedtotheirsurroundingruralsurroundings.BTheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifacetedandimpactthedailylivesofresidentsinvariousways.Highertemperaturescontributetoincreasedenergyconsumptionforcooling,placingaheavierburdenonthepowergrid.Moreover,theheatcanexacerbateairpollution,aswarmerairholdsmorepollutantsandreducestheirdispersion.Healthrisksalsorise,withheatstrokeandrespiratoryproblemsbecomingmoreprevalentduringsummermonths,particularlyamongtheelderlyandvulnerablepopulations.CEffortstomitigateurbanheatislandsareunderway,drivenbytheneedforsustainableurbanplanning.Oneeffectivestrategyinvolvesincreasingurbangreenerythroughthecreationofparks,greenroofs,andverticalgardens.Vegetationnotonlyprovidesshadebutalsocoolstheairthroughevapotranspiration,anaturalprocessthatreleaseswatervapor,whichhasacoolingeffect.Additionally,usingreflectivematerialsforrooftopsandpavements,knownascoolpavementsandcoolroofs,canreflectmoresunlightandabsorblessheat,therebyreducingsurfacetemperatures.DUrbanplanningpoliciesplayacrucialroleinimplementingUHImitigationstrategies.Citiescanincorporategreenspacerequirementsintozoninglaws,ensuringthatnewdevelopmentsincludeadequateparksandvegetation.Furthermore,incentivizingtheuseofcoolmaterialsandpromotingenergy-efficientbuildingdesignscanencouragedevelopersandhomeownerstoadoptpracticesthatreduceheatislandeffects.Publicawarenesscampaignsarealsovitaltoeducateresidentsaboutthebenefitsoftreeplantingandenergyconservation.ETechnologicalsolutionscomplementtraditionalurbanplanningapproaches.Innovationssuchasgreenwalls,whichintegratevegetationintobuildingfacades,canprovideinsulationandcooling.Smartirrigationsystemsforurbangardensoptimizewateruse,ensuringefficientcoolingwithoutwastage.Additionally,somecitiesareexploringlarge-scaleurbancoolingsystemsthatusewatermistorwindtunnelstolowertemperaturesinspecificareas.Thesetechnologies,whenintegratedthoughtfully,cansignificantlycontributetoalleviatingtheurbanheatislandeffect.PartBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedbothexcitementandapprehensionacrosstheglobe.Proponentsheralditasatransformativeforcecapableofrevolutionizingindustries,enhancingproductivity,andsolvingcomplexproblemsthathavelongeludedhumaningenuity.Fromautomatingroutinetaskstoadvancingmedicaldiagnosesandscientificresearch,AIpromisestobringaboutunprecedentedprogressandconveniencetosociety.Itsabilitytoprocessvastamountsofdataatspeedsunattainablebyhumansoffersaglimpseintoafuturewhereefficiencyandinnovationaremaximized.However,thistechnologicaladvancementisnotwithoutitscriticsandchallenges.ConcernsaboundregardingthepotentialdisplacementofjobsasAIsystemsincreasinglytakeoverrolestraditionallyperformedbyhumans.WhilenewjobsmayemergeintheAIsector,thetransitioncouldbedisruptiveformanyworkers,requiringsignificantreskillingandadaptation.EthicaldilemmasalsosurfaceasAIsystemsmakedecisionswithpotentiallyfar-reachingconsequences,raisingquestionsaboutbias,transparency,andaccountability.Thedevelopmentofautonomousweaponssystems,forinstance,presentsprofoundmoralquandariesthatsocietiesmustgrapplewith.SkepticismaboutAI'sultimateimpactonhumanitypersists.Someexpertsarguethatthepursuitofever-morepowerfulAIcouldleadtounforeseenrisks,includingscenarioswhereAIsurpasseshumanintelligenceandposesanexistentialthreat.Whilesuchconcernsmaycurrentlyseemfar-fetched,theyunderscoretheneedforcarefulconsiderationandresponsibledevelopmentpractices.EnsuringthatAIbenefitshumanityasawhole,ratherthanaselectfew,requiresthoughtfulpoliciesandglobalcooperationtoguideitsdeployment.Thepathforwardhingesonbalancinginnovationwithcaution,fosteringanenvironmentwhereAIservesasatoolforcollectivegood.TheintegrationofAIintodailylifeisalreadyoccurringatanacceleratedpace.Smartassistantsinourhomes,recommendationalgorithmsonstreamingservices,andnavigationappsarejustafewexamplesofAItechnologiesshapingourinteractionswiththeworld.Asthesesystemsbecomemoresophisticatedandubiquitous,theirinfluenceonourhabits,choices,andevenperceptionsgrows.ThisnecessitatesacriticalexaminationofhowweinteractwithAIandthepotentialunintendedconsequencesofrelyingtooheavilyonthesetechnologies.WhileAIofferspowerfulcapabilities,maintaininghumanagencyandcriticalthinkingremainsparamountinanincreasinglyautomatedworld.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthepotentialbenefitsofAI?3.WhatconcernsareraisedbycriticsofAI?4.Theword"profound"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ShallowB)IntenseC)SuperficialD)Limited5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryfortheresponsibledevelopmentofAI?PassageTwoIntherealmofeducation,thetraditionalclassroommodel,oftencharacterizedbyateacher-centeredapproach,haslongbeenthestandard.Thismethodtypicallyinvolvesateacherdeliveringinformationtoapassiveaudienceofstudentswhoareexpectedtoabsorbandmemorizethematerial.Whilethisapproachhasitsmerits,particularlyinprovidingstructureandfoundationalknowledge,itoftenfailstocatertothediverselearningstylesandneedsofindividualstudents.Theone-size-fits-allphilosophycanleadtodisengagement,frustration,andalackofdeeperunderstandingamonglearners.Thelimitationsoftraditionaleducationhavepromptedashifttowardsmorestudent-centeredmethodologies.Theseapproachesprioritizeactivelearning,wherestudentsareencouragedtoparticipateactivelyintheireducationthroughdiscussions,problem-solving,andcollaborativeprojects.Byengaginginthelearningprocess,studentscandevelopcriticalthinkingskills,creativity,andadeepercomprehensionofthesubjectmatter.Thisshiftrecognizesthatlearningisnotapassivereceptionofinformationbutanactiveconstructionofknowledge,influencedbyindividualexperiencesandperspectives.Technologicaladvancementshavefurtherfacilitatedtheadoptionofstudent-centeredlearning.Onlineplatforms,educationalapps,anddigitalresourcesofferpersonalizedlearningexperiences,allowingstudentstolearnattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirpreferredmethods.Thesetoolscanprovideimmediatefeedback,adapttoindividuallearningcurves,andofferaccesstoawealthofinformationbeyondtheconfinesofthetraditionalclassroom.However,theeffectiveintegrationoftechnologyintoeducationrequiresthoughtfulpedagogicaldesignandteachertrainingtoensurethatitenhances,ratherthanhinders,thelearningprocess.Despitethepotentialbenefits,thetransitiontostudent-centeredlearningmodelsfaceschallenges.Resistancetochangecancomefromvariousstakeholders,includingeducatorsaccustomedtotraditionalmethods,administratorsconcernedaboutresourceallocation,andparentswhomaypreferthestructureofconventionalschooling.Additionally,ensuringequitableaccesstotechnologyanddigitalresourcesremainsasignificanthurdle,particularlyinunder-resourcedcommunities.Overcomingthesebarriersrequiresaconcertedeffortfrompolicymakers,educators,andthewidercommunitytoadvocateforandimplementeducationalreformsthatprioritizestudentengagementandholisticdevelopment.Theultimategoalofstudent-centerededucationistocultivatelearnerswhoarenotonlyknowledgeablebutalsoadaptable,curious,andcapableofapplyingtheirskillstoreal-worldsituations.Byfosteringanenvironmentwherestudentstakeownershipoftheirlearning,educationcanbecomeatransformativeexperiencethatpreparesindividualsforsuccessinanincreasinglycomplexandinterconnectedworld.Thefutureofeducationliesinembracinginnovativeapproachesthatcatertotheuniqueneedsofeachstudent,empoweringthemtobecomeactiveparticipantsintheirownintellectualgrowth.Questions:6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeadvantagesofstudent-centeredlearning?8.Theword"facilitated"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)HinderedB)EnabledC)ComplicatedD)Undermined9.Whatchallengesdoesthetransitiontostudent-centeredlearningface?10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestistheprimarygoalofstudent-centerededucation?PartCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Choosethebestword(s)foreachblankfromthewordsinthebox.WriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Youmayneedtochangetheformofsomewords.A)enhanceB)perspectiveC)facilitateD)crucialE)diverseF)potentialG)interact1.Thecommitteeplaysaroleinthefundingofresearchprojectsaimedatfindingacureforthedisease.2.Itisimportanttoconsidertheeconomicandsocialimpactsofanypolicychangefromabroader.3.Thenewsoftwareisdesignedtocommunicationbetweendifferentdepartmentswithinthecompany.4.Despitethechallenges,theentrepreneurremainedfocusedonthesuccessofherstartup.5.Themuseumoffersavarietyofexhibitionsthatcatertotheinterestsofaaudience.6.Effectivecommunicationisessentialforbuildingstrongrelationshipsinbothpersonalandprofessionalsettings.---试卷答案PartAABCDEPartBPassageOne1.B解析：文章首段提出AI的潜力，第二段转折讨论其挑战，第三段探讨更深层次的担忧，第四段描述AI的日常整合。整篇文章在介绍AI的同时，也呈现了其复杂性和多方面影响，故选B（探讨人工智能带来的机遇与挑战）。2.A解析：根据第一段，AI的潜在好处包括“transformativeforce”、“revolutionizingindustries”、“enhancingproductivity”和“solvingcomplexproblems”，这些都是效率方面的提升。3.C解析：第二段明确列出了批评者的担忧，包括“displacementofjobs”、“ethicaldilemmas”以及“profoundmoralquandaries”，核心是伦理和就业问题。4.B解析：根据上下文，“profoundmoralquandaries”指的是非常深刻、严重的道德困境，故“profound”意为“深刻的，强烈的”，与B项“intense”意思最接近。5.D解析：根据第四段和第五段，要使AI产生积极影响，需要平衡创新与谨慎，并确保其服务于人类整体，这暗示了需要全球合作和长远规划来引导其发展。6.D解析：文章对比了传统课堂和以学生为中心的学习，分析了后者的优势和面临的挑战，核心是探讨教育模式的转变及其影响。7.B解析：根据第二段，以学生为中心的学习优点包括“activelearning”、“developcriticalthinkingskills”、“creativity”和“deepercomprehension”，这些都是学生积极参与带来的好处。8.B解析：根据上下文，“Technologicaladvancementshavefurtherfacilitatedtheadoptionofstudent-centeredlearning”，意为技术进步使得以学生为中心的学习得以采纳，故“facilitated”意为“促进，使便利”，与B项“enabled”意思最接近。9.A解析：第三段末尾和第四段指出了转型面临的挑战，包括“Resistancetochange”来自教师、管理员和家长，以及“ensuringequita