05板块一专题一微专题一突破阅读C、D篇告别失分困扰-2026版高考英语二轮专题复习与策略

第一部分复习讲义板块一阅读微专题一突破阅读C、D篇，告别失分困扰专题一阅读四选一新课程标准明确指出四选一阅读主要考查考生理解书面语篇的能力，其中包括对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，也包括对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。近几年，阅读理解的C、D篇因话题新、词汇量大、长难句多等方面对考生的语言综合运用能力和高阶思维能力提出了较大挑战。那么如何最大限度地减少失分困扰呢，考生应该从以下方面着手。把握文体特征，明确阅读策略一、文体特征1．语篇类型阅读理解C、D篇主要包括科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品/新工艺介绍类、风土人情类等文章。2．语言特点(1)文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。(2)文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。攻略一3．结构特点基本上遵循“首段引入话题，其他部分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”的规律。(1)总分式：“总—分”和“分—总”结构，以及完整的“总—分—总”结构。(2)递进式：

事理说明文通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。(3)并列式：各部分内容没有主次轻重之分。(4)对照式：通过两个事物的比较说明其异同。二、阅读策略1．抓首尾段首段往往提出说明文的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往往重申、强调主题。2．梳理文章结构(1)整体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述；(2)现象＋原因＋后果/启示/措施；(3)研究发现/调查结果＋研究/调查过程。【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇)Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou．Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts．Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy．Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter．Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays．Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue．Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter．Indoingso，I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter．You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid．Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle．Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse．Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter．Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances．解题导引：Step1

抓首尾段本文首段说明了文章的主题：介绍了一本书的目的，提出了数字极简主义。Step2

梳理文章结构第一段(书的目的)介绍了一本书，引出数字极简主义的话题第二段(书的第一部分)介绍了数字极简主义的理念第三段(书的第一部分)介绍数字极简主义的策略第四段(书的第一部分最后章节)通过一些具体的例子来帮助你实现数字极简主义第五段(书的第二部分)培养可持续数字极简主义的一些方法Step3

文章大意本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现数字极简主义生活方式的方法。Step4

问题解决28．Whatisthebookaimedat?A．Teachingcriticalthinkingskills．B．Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle．C．Solvingphilosophicalproblems．D．Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice．√B

[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。]29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear-up． B．Add-on．C．Check-in． D．Take-over．√A

[词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays．”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。]30．Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A．Theoreticalmodels．

B．Statisticalmethods．C．Practicalexamples．

D．Historicalanalyses．√C

[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Inthefinalchapterofpartone...anexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter．”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了关于数字极简主义的实际例子。]31．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A．Usethemasneeded．B．Recommendthemtofriends．C．Evaluatetheireffects．D．Identifytheideasbehindthem．√A

[推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的方法。]突破疑难词汇，跨越阅读障碍一、利用熟词生义解题命题者会在试题中考查熟悉的单词但其含义却是考生较为陌生的。通常有两种情况：攻略二生义是熟义的引申考生根据单词的熟义和语境很容易就能推测出生义生义与熟义相差甚大需要考生结合语境仔细推敲来确定单词的含义【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇)Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”．Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors，includingreducedconcentration，anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent．Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore，learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'sonpaperthanonscreen．Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding．Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext．Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties．Withpaper，thereisaliterallayingonofhands，alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages．Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage．Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect．Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”．Accordingtothistheory，peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia，whichareoftennotsoserious，anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint．Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext，andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say，assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson．However，psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories，theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces．Digitaltexts，audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles，especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint．However，formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor，educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame，evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords．【分析】文章中的熟词生义

熟义生义coverv．覆盖v．__________printv．印刷n．______________posevt．(为照相、画像等)摆好姿势vt．____propertyn．所有物，财产n．__________geographyn．地理n．____sayv．说v．______piecen．块，张，片n．__________涉及，处理印刷品，出版物提出性质，特性布局比方说文章，报道二、利用构词法解题英语中常见的构词法有三类派生法由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法合成法由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新单词的方法【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇)OnMarch7，1907，theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect．Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases，theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate．Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors，thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame．Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate，andsometounderestimate．Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether，theycanceleachotherout，resultinginamoreaccurateestimate．Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors，thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout．Inmoretechnicalterms，thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent．Ifforwhateverreasons，people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent，theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown．...32．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation．B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect．C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors．D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment．【分析】利用构词法可以理解选段中的障碍词1．派生法①statisticn．统计数字＋-ian→statisticiann．________②estimatev．估计＋-ion→estimationn．____③capitaln．大写字母，金钱＋-ize→capitalize

v．________________________________④前缀cor-，表“共同”＋relatev．把……联系起来→correlatev．______________统计学家估算把……首字母大写，给……提供资金(使)相互关联⑤前缀in-，表否定意义＋dependv．依靠，依赖＋形容词后缀-ent→independentadj．______________⑥accurateadj．准确的，精确的＋名词后缀-cy→accuracyn．______________独立的，自主的准确性，精确度2．转化法①averageadj．平均的；正常的，一般的→v．________________________②estimatevt．估计，估算→n．__________3．合成法①over-＋estimate→overestimatev．&n．____②under-＋estimate→underestimatev．&n．____③under-＋lie＋-ing→underlyingadj．______________平均为；算出……的平均数估计，预测高估低估潜在的，根本的厘清句子结构，突破解题关键妙招1

定谓语，明主干我们可以根据谓语动词来确定其主语。如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。攻略三【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇)Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion，theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals．【分析】Step1

定谓语：本句主干部分谓语动词为______。Step2

明主干：Thekeyfindingofthestudywas...Step3

析成分：that引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中when引导的时间状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smallergroups，主句theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals中的those指代theaverages。wasStep4

试翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体(估算)的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。

妙招2

寻主干，去枝叶一般句子的主要信息都是通过主干来表达的，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。如果提炼不出句子的主干来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇)Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue．【分析】Step1

寻主干：____________________________________________________________________________________________________。Step2

去枝叶：去掉thatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethings和youvalue这两个定语从句和时间状语________________________________________________________。Step3

试翻译：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesAttheendofthethirtydays在这三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。针对性训练12突破阅读C、D篇(1)Passage1Anestimated55millionpeopleworldwidelivewithdementia(痴呆)，anumberthat'sexpectedtorise．Tofindtreatmentsthatcansloworpreventthedisease，scientistsneedtobetterunderstandthefactorsrelatingtodementia．ResearchersatTuftsUniversityhaverecentlycompletedanewstudyinthisfieldandannouncedagroundbreakingfinding．“Manystudieshaveinvolveddietaryornutritionalfactorsincognitive(认知的)performanceorfunctioninolderadults，includingmanystudiesofvitaminD．ButallofthemarebasedoneitherdietaryintakesorbloodmeasuresofvitaminD，”saidleadauthorKylaShea．“WewantedtoinvestigateifvitaminDisevenpresentinthebrain，andifitis，howthoseconcentrationsarelinkedtocognitivedecline．”Inthenewstudy，researchersexaminedsamplesofbraintissuefrom290participantsintheRushMemoryandAgingProject．TheylookedforvitaminDinseveralregionsofthebrain，amongwhichtwoareassociatedwithchangeslinkedtoAlzheimer'sdiseaseandoneisassociatedwithformsofdementialinkedtobloodflow．TheresearchersrevealedvitaminDwaspresentinbraintissue．TheyalsonoticedhighlevelsofvitaminDinthefourregionsofthebraincontributedtobettercognitivehealth．“ThisresearchreinforcestheimportanceofstudyinghownutritionalsubstanceshelpprotecttheagingbrainagainstdiseasessuchasAlzheimer'sdisease，”saidcorrespondingauthorSarahBooth．However，thelevelsofvitaminDinthebraindidn'tassociatewithanyofthephysiological(生理的)markersrelatedtoAlzheimer'sdiseaseinthebrainstudied，includingamyloidplaques，akindofprotein，thebuildupofwhichrepresentsacharacteristicfeatureofAlzheimer'sdisease．“Dementiaiscomplicated．AlthoughvitaminDlevelspositivelycorrelatetocognitivedecline，theunderlyingworkingsofthisvitamininthebrainhaven'tbeenwellcharacterized，”Sheasays．VitaminDisalsoknowntovarybetweenracialandethnicpopulations，andmostoftheparticipantsintheRushgroupbelongtoaparticularkind．Theresearchersareplanningfollow-upstudiestoavoidthislimitationtofurtherlookatbrainchangesassociatedwithcognitivedecline．Theyhopetheirworkcancontributetobettermedicalinterventionssoon．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现大脑中维生素D的含量与认知功能相关，但维生素D的具体作用机制尚不清楚，研究者将跟进研究。1．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewstudy?A．Ithasasolidtheoreticalfoundation．B．Itoffersanovelangleofbrainresearch．C．Itfocusesontheeffectofnutritionaldiets．D．Itconfirmsthefindingsofpreviousstudies．√B

[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，先前的许多研究都是基于饮食摄入的或血液里的维生素D含量来研究老年人的认知表现，而新研究另辟蹊径从“大脑中是否含有维生素D及其含量与认知能力的关系”这一角度着手研究，故该研究为大脑研究提供了一个新的视角。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinforces”inparagraph4mean?A．Contradicts． B．Challenges．C．Strengthens． D．Assumes．√C

[词义猜测题。根据画线词的上一句可知，新研究揭示了大脑中的维生素D含量与认知水平呈正相关，故该研究“强化了”研究营养素如何帮助保护老化的大脑免受阿尔茨海默病等疾病侵害的重要性。]3．Whatremainsamysterytotheresearchers?A．Theroleofamyloidplaquesincognitivedecline．B．ThespecificimpactofvitaminDonbrainfunction．C．Theidentificationofphysiologicalmarkersofdementia．D．ThelinkbetweenvitaminDlevelsandcognitivedecline．√B

[细节理解题。第五段第一句说明了，研究人员没有发现大脑中维生素D水平与阿尔茨海默病相关的生理标志的关联，再根据该段最后一句可知，维生素D在大脑中的作用机制仍是一个谜。]4．Howwilltheresearchersprobablyfurtherimprovetheirstudy?A．Byincludingadiverserangeofsamples．B．Byextendingthetimeperiodoftheirstudy．C．Bytestingtheirfindingswithmedicalinstitutes．D．Byseekinginspirationfromothersimilarstudies．√A

[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“VitaminDisalso...thislimitationtofurtherlookatbrainchangesassociatedwithcognitivedecline．”可知，研究人员下一步将进行更广泛样本的跟进研究。]Passage2IfIronManeverwantstoupdatehissuit，he'sgottenanoption—thankstoanewmaterialcreatedbyateamofresearchersusingaDNAstructureandglass．Lightweightandfairlystrongmaterialsarealwayssoughtafterbyscientistsfortheirabilitytoreduceproductioncostsandwithstandthestressesofmechanical(机械的)use．Unfortunately，thesetwocharacteristicsoftenseematoddswitheachother—strongermaterialstendtobeheavierandlighteroneslessdurable．Whatworsensthesituationisthatthemassproductionofmaterialscanintroduceimperfectionsintomaterialswithacomplexchemicalstructure．Glassisaperfectexample．Glassearnsareputationforbreakingsoeasily;thisisduetoimperfections，suchasmissingatomswhenpeopleproducelargepiecesofglass．Initspurestform，onecubiccentimeter(1cm3)ofglasscouldbear10tonsofpressure．Learningthislesson，theresearchersdecidedtomaketheglasstheyneededlessthanonemicrometerthicksinceglassisnearlyperfectinthissize．Theythenconstructeda3Dframework(框架)toshapethepureglassbyusingDNA．AlmostlikeMagna-Tiles(aconstructiontoysystem)，piecesofDNAofspecificlengthsandchemistryinterconnectwitheachother．TheresearchersnextcoatedtheDNAstructureinathinlayerofpureglass，whichwasonlyaboutafewhundredatomsthick．Tokeepthematerialextremelylightweight，theychosenottofilltheinnerspaces．However，atthisscale，testingtheDNA-structuredglassthroughconventionalmethodsisalmostoutofthequestion．Theresearchersinsteadturnedtoatechniquecallednanoindentation．Essentially，asmallprobe(探针)appliedpressuretotheDNA-glassmaterialwhileamicroscopeallowedtheresearcherstomeasureitsbehavior．Itwasrevealedthatthenewmaterialisfourtimeshigherinstrengththansteelbutfivetimeslighter．“Theabilitytocreate3D-frameworknanomaterialsusingDNAopensenormousopportunitiesformechanicalengineering．Butmuchresearchworkisstillneededbeforewecanemployitasatechnology，”saidOlegGang，fromColumbiaUniversity．“Evenifthenanostructureswon'tmatchthescaleofIronMan，theteam'sconceptrepresentsanewpathwaytofuturematerialsfordevicesthatprioritizestrength．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员利用DNA结构和玻璃创造了一种新材料。这种材料的强度是钢的四倍，而重量只有钢的五分之一。5．Whichofthefollowingisachallengetomaterialsscientists?A．Increasingtheservicelifeofheavymaterials．B．Balancinglightnessandstrengthinonematerial．C．Improvingthecost-effectivenessofheavymaterials．D．Maximizingtheflexibilityofstress-resistantmaterials．√B

[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，材料科学家们致力于寻求轻巧且强度大的材料，然而，同一材料的这两种特性往往相互矛盾：坚固的材料往往更重，而较轻的材料则不那么结实耐用。]6．Whydidtheteamcreatetherequiredglassatthemicroscale?A．ToenhancethestabilityoftheDNAstructure．B．Toprovideconvenienceforthecoatingprocess．C．Toachieveahigherlevelofpurityinglass-making．D．Toavoidglass'snegativeimpactontheDNAframe．√C

[推理判断题。第三段中的“Glassearns...Initspurestform，onecubiccentimeter...bear10tonsofpressure．”以及第四段中的“Learningthislesson，theresearchersdecided...lessthanonemicrometerthick...perfectinthissize...whichwasonlyaboutafewhundredatomsthick．”可知，研究人员为了使玻璃发挥其最大的抗压能力，他们要在微尺度上创造出所需的玻璃。故选C。]7．Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersadoptnanoindentationintheirstudy?A．MeasuringtheweightoftheDNA-structuredglass．B．ObservingthechangesofDNAunderextremestress．C．Assessingthenewmaterial'spressure-bearingproperty．D．Analyzingthechemicalcompositionofthenewmaterial．√C

[细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在微米级的规模下，通过传统方法测试DNA结构的玻璃材料几乎是不可能的，研究人员转而采用纳米压痕技术，来评估新材料的承压性能。]8．What'sOlegGang'sattitudetowardstheresearchteam'sinnovation?A．Doubtful． B．Positive．C．Unclear． D．Dismissive．√B

[态度观点题。根据最后一段中“Theability...mechanicalengineering．”及“Evenif...theteam'sconceptrepresentsanewpathwaytofuturematerialsfordevicesthatprioritizestrength．”可知，OlegGang对该团队的创新持积极肯定的态度。]Passage3Ifawordissaidorlookedatsteadilyforsomelittletime，itwillbefoundtotakeonacuriouslystrangeandforeignaspect．Thisisaphenomenoncalledsemanticsatiationthataffectsourunderstandingofwordswhentheyarementionedtoooften．ThetermwascreatedbypsychologistLeonJames．Heconductedseveralexperimentstoexplorehowtheconceptaffectsourthinkingandfoundthatitisakindoftirednesscalledreactiveinhibition(反应性抑制)．Whenabraincellfires，ittakesmoreenergytofireafterwards，andfinallyitwon'tevenrespondunlessyouwaitafewseconds．Forexample，“BlackFriday(ashoppingday)”isnolongerasappealingasitoncewas．We'verepeated“BlackFriday”somuchthatitisnowasindistinctasthepackagesofcommonWal-Martstringcheesethatyougopasthurriedlyonyourwaytoargueoverahalf-pricevegetablesteamerat3a.m．Hence，marketersarereconsideringtheirsalesstrategies．Oneexperimentheconductedsoughttoexplorewhethersemanticsatiationcouldbeusedtolessenstuttering(口吃)．Hehadanassistantcallastutteringparticipantandtheytalkedonthephoneforoneminute，creatingasituationthatincreasedanxietyastherewerenoalternativemeansofcommunicationfortheparticipantotherthanspeaking．Tenminuteslater，theassistantcalledagain．Andthecyclewasrepeated10timesthroughouttheday．Thegoalwastoinduce(诱发)semanticsatiationinthestutteringparticipantrelatedtotheemotionofthestress-inducingphonecall．Andhesaysitworked．Anywordcanbethevictimofsemanticsatiation，buttheamountoftimebeforewordslosemeaningcanvary，withwordsthatcandrawoutstrongemotionstakinglongerduetothebraincyclingthroughotherassociationswiththewords．Onestudyshowedthatwhenpresentedwithatone，thesleepingcatimmediatelywokeup．Butastheyplayedthetoneagainandagain，thecattooktimetowakeupeachtime，untilitkeptonsleeping．Butwhenthetonewasvariedslightly，thecatwokeupimmediately．Therefore，whenteachersassignwordmemorizationexercisestostudents，itiswisetoavoidrepetitivememorizationorthewordswillbecomemeaninglesstostudents．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“语义饱和”这一语言现象及其影响。9．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplain“semanticsatiation”？A．It'sakindofseriouslanguagelearningdisability．B．It'sareflectionofthesubjectivenatureoflanguage．C．It'sapracticeofrearrangingletterstoformnewwords．D．It'sanoccurrencearisingfromtherepetitionofwords．√D

[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ifawordissaidorlookedatsteadily...acuriouslystrangeandforeignaspect．”可知，semanticsatiation指的是单词在持续被说或看一段时间后所出现的状况。]10．Howdoessemanticsatiationaffect“BlackFriday”accordingtothetext?A．Peoplelosetheircrazefor“BlackFriday”．B．PeoplestartbuyingWal-Martstringcheese．C．Peoplemerelyshowinterestingoodsonsale．D．Peoplemakethebestofsomeshoppingstrategies．√A

[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，由于过度使用“黑色星期五”，这一购物狂欢节没有以前那么有吸引力，人们对其热情也逐渐消退。]11．What'stheresultoftheexperimentinvolvingastutteringparticipant?A．Theparticipant'sstutteringimproved．B．Theparticipant'sstutteringwascured．C．Theparticipantbecamemorestressed．D．Theparticipantfailedtocommunicate．√A

[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Oneexperimentheconductedsoughtto...beusedtolessenstuttering．”以及“Andhesaysitworked．”可知，参与者的口吃症状得以改善。]12．What'stheimplicationofthecatexperimentforteachers?A．Deliveringclassesinacleartone．B．Employingvariationsinwordexercises．C．Highlightingtheimportanceofthewordmeaning．D．Encouragingstudentstogetupearlyinthemorning．√B

[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者指出单词失去意义之前的时间可能会有所不同，由于大脑在与单词的其他关联中循环，可以引起强烈情绪的单词失去意义前持续的时间更长。作者通过变换语气唤醒猫的例子，说明为了避开语义饱和现象的发生，教师在布置单词记忆练习时，应注重采用各种不同形式，避免重复。]针对性训练13突破阅读C、D篇(2)Passage1LorianSchweikert，abiologistattheUniversityofNorthCarolina，wasfishingintheFloridaKeyswhenshecaughtahogfish—atypeoffishthat'sknownforitsabilitytochangecolors．Schweikertdroppeditontheboatdeckandcontinuedfishing．Whenshelaterwenttogetthefishback，shewasshockedtofindthatithadchangedcolortoperfectlymatchthewhitedeck—completewithlittleblackcirclesthatlookedlikethefloor．In2018，Schweikertfoundthathogfishcarryageneforalight-sensitiveproteincalledopsin(视蛋白)thatisactivatedintheirskin，andthatthisgeneisdifferentfromtheopsingenesfoundintheireyes．Othercolor-changinganimalshavebeenfoundtohavelight-sensingopsinsintheirskin，too．Butexactlyhow“skinvision”worksremainsamystery．Inanewstudy，SchweikertandbiologistSonkeJohnsenteameduptotakeacloserlookathogfish'sskin．Theytookpiecesofskinfromdifferentpartsofthefish'sbodyandtookpicturesoftheskinunderamicroscope．Upclose，ahogfish'sskinlookslikeaspecialpainting．Eachdotofcolorisaspecializedcellcalledachromatophore(色素体)containinggranulesofpigment(色素颗粒)thatcanbered，yelloworblack．Theyfoundthatthelight-sensitiveproteinwasconcentratedinaspecificarearightbelowthechromatophores．It'sthemovementofthesepigmentgranulesthatchangestheskincolor．Theirfindingssuggestthatthefish'slight-sensitiveopsinsactsomewhatlikeinternalPolaroidfilm(柯达即时成像胶片)，catchingchangesinthelightthatcanpassthroughthepigment-filledcellsaboveasthepigmentgranulesgatherorspread．“Theanimalscanliterallytakeaphotooftheirownskinfromtheinside，”saidSchweikert．“Inaway，opsinscantelltheanimalwhatitsskinlookslike．”LaurenSumner-Rooney，aresearcherwhowasn'tinvolvedinthestudy，said，“Thisisthefirsttimewe'veseenastrongbodyofevidenceforexactlyhowthisworksinfish—skinlightsensinghasbeenarathermysteriousabilityforalongtime．Thehogfishseemslikeagreatmodeltoexplorefurtherquestions．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了hogfish如何通过体内的感光视蛋白来检测皮肤表面的光线变化，从而改变身体颜色以达到与周围环境相匹配的机制。1．WhatdidSchweikertfindshockingaboutthehogfish?A．Itpretendedtobedead．B．Itchangeditsshaperapidly．C．Itdisplayedattractiveskincolor．D．Itwasintegratedwiththesurroundings．√D

[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“shewasshockedtofind...perfectlymatchthewhitedeck—completewithlittleblackcirclesthatlookedlikethefloor．”可知，施威克特惊讶地发现这条鱼的体色完美地与甲板颜色相匹配，与周围环境融为了一体。]2．Whatdoesthenewstudyaimtofigureout?A．Whatthefunctionoftheopsingenesis．B．Whycolor-changinganimalscansensethesurroundings．C．Howopsinsinhogfish'sskinhelpthemchangecolors．D．Whichopsinsinhogfish'sskindifferfromthoseintheireyes．√C

[细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的内容可知，新的研究是为了弄清楚hogfish皮肤中的视蛋白是如何帮助它们改变体色的。]3．WhydoestheauthormentionthePolaroidfilminparagraph4?A．Tohighlightthespreadofthegranulesofpigment．B．Toexplaintheroleofthelight-sensitiveopsins．C．Tointroduceanewdiscoveryaboutfish'svision．D．Tostresstheimportanceofpigmentgranules'movement．√B

[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theirfindingssuggestthatfish'slight-sensitiveopsinsactsomewhatlikeinternalPolaroidfilm...orspread．”可知，作者将光敏感视蛋白的作用比作柯达即时成像胶片，说明视蛋白能够“捕捉”从色素细胞过滤过来的光线变化，其工作方式类似于相机胶片。因此，作者提到柯达即时成像胶片是为了解释视蛋白的作用。]4．WhatisLaurenSumner-Rooney'sattitudetowardsthestudyfindings?A．Appreciative． B．Cautious．C．Objective． D．Dismissive．A

[态度观点题。根据最后一段内容可知，LaurenSumner-Rooney认为该发现解决了长期以来困扰人们的一个难题：即皮肤感光的能力的工作机制，并认为这一发现可用来探索更多的问题，因此，Lauren对该研究结果持“赞赏的”态度。]√Passage2HumansarearguablythemostadaptablespeciesonEarth．Thespecies'enormouscapacitytoadaptandliveindifferentenvironmentsowesmuchtocumulative(累积的)culturebetweenindividualsandgenerations．“Thatispartofwhatmakesushumans，andit'swhathasenabledus