2025年考研英语（一）词汇拓展与同义词辨析训练试卷

2025年考研英语（一）词汇拓展与同义词辨析训练试卷考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartIVocabularyChoosethebestwordtofillineachblank.1.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasaturningpointinthehistoryofmedicine,fundamentally__________thetreatmentofbacterialinfections.A.revolutionizingB.facilitatingC.approximatingD.complicating2.Despitethe__________economicforecasts,thecompanydecidedtoexpanditsoperationsinAsia.A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.neutralD.ambiguous3.Herresearchpaperpresentsacomprehensiveanalysisofthefactors__________contributetoclimatechange.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whose4.Theathlete's__________trainingregimenensuredthathewasinpeakphysicalconditionforthecompetition.A.rigorousB.sporadicC.inadequateD.negligent5.Thenovel'scomplexnarrativestructurerequirescarefulreadingtofully__________itsunderlyingthemes.A.appreciateB.comprehendC.criticizeD.summarize6.Manydevelopingnationsarefacingsignificantchallengesin__________accesstocleanwaterfortheirpopulations.A.establishingB.guaranteeingC.compromisingD.eliminating7.Thecommittee'sdecisionwasmetwithamixof__________anddisappointmentfromtheattendees.A.approvalB.skepticismC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm8.His__________contributiontothescientificcommunityhasearnedhimwidespreadrecognitionandrespect.A.marginalB.negligibleC.substantialD.insignificant9.Theoldbuilding,__________datebacktothe18thcentury,isavaluablepieceofarchitecturalheritage.A.whoseB.whichC.whoseD.that10.Theexperimentyielded__________resultsthanexpected,promptingareevaluationoftheresearchmethodology.A.moresurprisingB.lesssignificantC.moreconsistentD.lessaccuratePartIIClozeReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethemostappropriatewordtofillineachblankfromthefourchoicesgiven.Theglobalclimatecrisisnecessitatesimmediateandconcertedaction.Governmentsmustimplementstricter__________(11)oncarbonemissionsandinvestheavilyinrenewableenergysources.Individuals,too,havearoletoplay;adoptingmoresustainable__________(12)indailylife,suchasreducingmeatconsumptionandminimizingwaste,cancollectivelymakeasignificantdifference.Furthermore,technologicalinnovationiscrucial;__________(13)advancementsinenergystorageandefficiencycanhelpmitigatetheimpactofclimatechange.Internationalcooperationisalso__________(14);nosinglecountrycanaddressthiscomplexissuealone.Onlythroughacombinedeffortcanwehopetosecureasustainablefutureforgenerationstocome.11.A.regulationsB.incentivesC.penaltiesD.subsidies12.A.practicesB.habitsC.routinesD.procedures13.A.continuedB.consistentC.continuousD.consistent14.A.essentialB.optionalC.necessaryD.arbitraryPartIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Passage1Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateamongexpertsandthepublicalike.ProponentsarguethatAIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizenumerousindustries,fromhealthcaretotransportation,byautomatingtasks,improvingefficiency,andenablingdata-drivendecision-making.However,criticsraiseconcernsabouttheethicalimplicationsofAI,particularlyregardingissuesofprivacy,jobdisplacement,andthepotentialformisuse.AsAItechnologycontinuestoevolve,itisessentialtoestablishclearguidelinesandregulationstoensurethatitsdevelopmentandapplicationarealignedwithsocietalvaluesandbenefithumanityasawhole.15.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.TheeconomicimpactofAIondifferentsectors.B.TheethicalconsiderationssurroundingAItechnology.C.TheprocessofdevelopingAIsystemsandapplications.D.ThepotentialbenefitsofAIinvariousindustries.16.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheadvantagesofAI?A.Enhancedprivacyprotectionandjobsecurity.B.Automationoftasksandimprovedefficiency.C.Reducedethicalconcernsandincreasedgovernmentcontrol.D.Eliminationofdata-drivendecision-makingandincreasedhumanerror.17.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofAI?A.AIwillinevitablyleadtowidespreadunemploymentandsocietaldisruption.B.AIdevelopmentshouldbehaltedduetoitspotentialformisuse.C.AIhasthepotentialtobringsignificantbenefitsbutrequiresresponsiblemanagement.D.AIwillprimarilybeusedforethicalpurposesandwillhaveminimalsocietalimpact.Passage2Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinsustainableagriculture,particularlyinthecontextofaddressingglobalfoodsecurityandenvironmentaldegradation.Traditionalfarmingmethodsoftenrelyheavilyonchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,whichcanhavedetrimentaleffectsonsoilhealth,waterquality,andbiodiversity.Sustainableagriculture,ontheotherhand,emphasizestheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlypracticessuchascroprotation,organicfertilization,andintegratedpestmanagement.Thesemethodsnotonlyreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofagriculturebutalsocontributetothelong-termviabilityofagriculturalsystemsandthewell-beingofruralcommunities.18.Whatistheprimaryfocusofsustainableagriculture?A.Increasingcropyieldsthroughtheuseofadvancedtechnologies.B.Reducingtheenvironmentalimpactoftraditionalfarmingmethods.C.Promotingtheglobaltradeofagriculturalproducts.D.Enhancingtheeconomicprofitabilityofagriculturalenterprises.19.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthenegativeconsequencesoftraditionalfarming?A.Increasedsoilfertilityandimprovedwaterquality.B.Enhancedbiodiversityandreducedenvironmentalpollution.C.Soildegradationandwatercontamination.D.Greaterfoodsecurityandimprovedrurallivelihoods.20.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofsustainableagriculture?A.Itwillbecomethedominantagriculturalsystemglobally,replacingtraditionalmethods.B.Itwillremainanichepracticewithlimitedimpactonglobalfoodproduction.C.Itwillrequiresignificantgovernmentsubsidiestocompetewithconventionalfarming.D.Itwillneedtoincorporatemoreintensivefarmingtechniquestoincreaseproductivity.PartIVTranslationTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish:近年来，中国政府高度重视环境保护，采取了一系列措施来减少空气污染。这些措施包括推广清洁能源，限制高污染工业的发展，以及加强城市绿化。结果表明，这些政策有效地改善了空气质量，提升了人民的生活质量。中国政府表示，将继续致力于环境保护，为建设美丽中国做出贡献。PartVWritingWriteanessayofatleast200wordsonthetopic:"TheImportanceofLifelongLearninginaRapidlyChangingWorld."试卷答案PartIVocabulary1.A解析：句意强调青霉素的发现是医学史上的转折点，彻底改变了细菌感染的治疗方法。“Revolutionizing”（使...发生革命性变化）符合句意。Facilitating（促进），approximating（近似），complicating（使...复杂化）均不符合句意。2.B解析：句意指出尽管经济预测乐观，公司仍决定扩大在亚洲的业务。“Optimistic”（乐观的）符合句意。Pessimistic（悲观的），neutral（中立的），ambiguous（模棱两可的）均不符合句意。3.B解析：句意强调研究论文全面分析了导致气候变化的因素。“That”引导定语从句，修饰“factors”，并在从句中作“contribute”的宾语，符合语法结构。Which引导定语从句时，先行词通常指物，且在从句中作主语或宾语；whom用于指人；whose引导定语从句时，先行词指人或物，并在从句中作定语，不符合此处结构。4.A解析：句意强调运动员的严格训练确保了他处于最佳的身体状态。“Rigorous”（严格的，严密的）符合句意。Sporadic（零星的，断断续续的），inadequate（不足的），negligent（疏忽的）均不符合句意。5.B解析：句意强调理解小说复杂的叙事结构需要仔细阅读才能充分“理解”其潜在主题。“Comprehend”（理解，领悟）符合句意。Appreciate（欣赏），criticize（批评），summarize（总结）均不符合句意。6.B解析：句意指出许多发展中国家在为其人口“确保”获得清洁水源方面面临重大挑战。“Guaranteeing”（保证）符合句意。Establishing（建立），compromising（妥协），eliminating（消除）均不符合句意。7.B解析：句意强调委员会的决定混合了与会者的“怀疑”和失望。“Skepticism”（怀疑论）符合句意。Approval（赞同），indifference（冷漠），enthusiasm（热情）均不符合句意。8.C解析：句意强调他的“重大”贡献为科学界赢得了广泛的认可和尊重。“Substantial”（重大的，实质的）符合句意。Marginal（边缘的，微不足道的），negligible（可忽略不计的），insignificant（无意义的，不重要的）均不符合句意。9.B解析：句意强调这座可以追溯到18世纪的旧建筑是宝贵的建筑遗产。“Which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“theoldbuilding”，并在从句中作主语，符合语法结构。Whose引导定语从句时，先行词指物，不符合此处结构；that引导非限制性定语从句时，通常指物，但在本句中“theoldbuilding”指物，故that也可以，但which更常用且自然。10.A解析：句意强调实验的结果比预期“更令人惊讶”，这促使重新评估研究方法。“Moresurprising”（更令人惊讶的）符合句意。Lesssignificant（不那么重要的），moreconsistent（更一致的），lessaccurate（不那么准确的）均不符合句意。PartIICloze11.A解析：句意强调政府必须实施更严格的“规定”来限制碳排放。“Regulations”（规定，法规）符合句意。Incentives（激励），penalties（处罚），subsidies（补贴）均不符合句意。12.B解析：句意强调个人也应该在生活中采用更可持续的“习惯”。“Habits”（习惯）符合句意。Practices（实践），routines（常规），procedures（程序）均不符合句意。13.A解析：句意强调技术进步对于能源存储和效率的“持续”发展至关重要。“Continued”（持续的）符合句意。Consistent（一致的），continuous（连续的），consistent（一致的）均不符合此处用法，consistent通常作表语或定语。14.C解析：句意强调国际合作对于应对这个复杂问题也是“必要的”。“Necessary”（必要的）符合句意。Optional（可选的），arbitrary（任意的）均不符合句意。Essential（必不可少的）虽然也符合，但necessary更常用在此处强调必要性。PartIIIReadingComprehension15.D解析：文章主要讨论了人工智能技术的发展及其带来的影响，包括其潜在优势（如自动化和效率提升）和伦理问题（如隐私、失业和滥用）。选项D“人工智能在各个行业的潜在益处”最能概括文章主旨。选项A、B、C都只涉及了文章的部分内容。16.B解析：文章在第二段提到人工智能的支持者认为其优点在于自动化任务、提高效率和做出数据驱动的决策。选项B“自动化任务和提高效率”与原文表述一致。选项A、C、D与原文观点相反。17.C解析：文章最后一段指出，虽然人工智能有潜力带来巨大好处，但需要负责任的管理和明确的指导方针。选项C“人工智能有潜力带来巨大好处，但需要负责任的管理”最能体现文章对人工智能未来的看法。选项A、B、D都过于绝对或与原文不符。18.B解析：文章主要讨论了可持续农业的核心理念是减少传统农业方法对环境的影响，强调使用环保实践。选项B“减少传统农业方法对环境的影响”最能概括可持续农业的主要关注点。选项A、C、D都只涉及了文章的部分内容或与可持续农业的核心理念不符。19.C解析：文章提到传统农业方法依赖化肥和杀虫剂，对土壤健康、水质量和生物多样性有负面影响。选项C“土壤退化和水污染”与原文描述的传统农业的负面后果一致。选项A、B与原文描述相反。选项D虽然可能是结果之一，但不是原文直接提到的负面影响。20.A解析：文章最后暗示可持续农业将成为主流，取代传统方法，因为它对环境和社会更有益。选项A“它将成为全球主导的农业系统，取代传统方法”最能体现文章对可持续农业未来的展望。选项B、C、D都与原文暗示的未来趋势不符。PartIVTranslationInrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasattachedgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotectionandhasadoptedaseriesofmeasurestoreduceairpollution.Thesemeasuresincludepromotingtheuseofcleanenergy,restrictingthedevelopmentofhighlypollutingindustries,andstrengtheningurbangreening.Theresultsshowthatthesepolicieshaveeffectivelyimprovedairqualityandenhancedpeople'squalityoflife.TheChinesegovernmentsaysitwillcontinuetobecommittedtoenvironmentalprotectionandmakecontributionstobuildingabeautifulChina.PartVWritingTheImportanceofLifelongLearninginaRapidlyChangingWorldIntoday'sfast-pacedandever-evolvingworld,theimportanceoflifelonglearningcannotbeoverstated.Therapidadvancementoftechnology,shiftingjobmarkets,andincreasingglobalinterconnectednessallcontributetoalandscapewherecontinuouslearningisnolongeraluxurybutanecessity.Lifelonglearningequipsindividualswiththeskillsandknowledgeneededtoadapttochange,pursuepersonalgrowth,andthriveinanincreasinglycompetitiveenvironment.Oneoftheprimarybenefitsoflifelonglearningistheabilitytoadapttotherapidchangesintechnologyandtheworkplace.Industriesareconstantlybeingdisruptedbynewinnovations,andthosewhofailtokeepupriskbecomingobsolete.Byengaginginlifelonglearning,individualscanacquirenewskillsandstaycurrentwiththelatesttrends,ensuringtheyremainrelevantandvaluableintheircareers.Forexample,learningprogramminglanguages,dataanalysis,ordigitalmarketingcanopenupnewjobopportunitiesandenhancecareerprospects.Moreover,lifelonglearningfosterspersonalgrowthandfulfillment.Asindividualsacquirenewknowledgeandskills,theygainasenseofaccomplishmentandself-confidence.Thiscanleadtoimprovedjobsatisfaction,betterproblem-solvingabilities,andagreatersenseofpurpose.Additionally,learningnewthingscanenhancecognitivefunction,improvememory,andreducetheriskofcognitivedeclineasone