2025年英语专业八级语法难点突破试卷：系统讲解与习题练习

2025年英语专业八级语法难点突破试卷：系统讲解与习题练习考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、语法难点系统讲解名词性从句名词性从句在句子中具有名词的性质和作用，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。根据引导词和句子结构的不同，名词性从句可以分为三类：1.由that引导的名词性从句：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，且从句中动词用陈述句语序。that引导的名词性从句可以作主语、宾语等。例如：Thathewillsucceediscertain.(主语从句)Ibelievethatheisright.(宾语从句)2.由whether或if引导的名词性从句：whether或if在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，且从句中动词用陈述句语序。whether或if引导的名词性从句通常作主语、宾语等，但whether可以引导宾语从句，if则通常不能。例如：Whetherwecanfinishtheprojectontimeisstillunknown.(主语从句)SheaskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.(宾语从句)3.由wh-类词引导的名词性从句：wh-类词包括who,whom,whose,what,when,where,why等。这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如：Whowillbethenextpresidentisaquestioneveryonewantstoknow.(主语从句)Idon'tknowwhathemeans.(宾语从句)Thegirlwhosefatherisadoctorismyneighbor.(定语从句)定语从句定语从句用来修饰或限定先行词，说明先行词的性质、特征或范围。定语从句可以由关系代词或关系副词引导。1.由关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词包括who,whom,whose,which,that等。这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如：Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.(who作主语)Thebookthatyougavemeisveryinteresting.(that作宾语)2.由关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词包括when,where,why等。这些词在从句中充当状语。例如：ThehousewhereIgrewupisstillstanding.(where作状语)Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthebus.(why作状语)虚拟语气虚拟语气是用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况的语气。虚拟语气通常用动词的过去式或“would/could/might+动词原形”等形式来表达。1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：主句用“主语+would/could/might+动词原形”，从句用动词的过去式。例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：主句用“主语+would/could/might+have+过去分词”，从句用“had+过去分词”。例如：IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifshehadknowntheanswer,shewouldhaveraisedherhand.3.与将来情况可能性不大的虚拟语气：主句用“主语+would/could/might+动词原形”，从句用“if+主语+should+动词原形”或“if+主语+wereto+动词原形”。例如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldcancelthepicnic.Ifheweretocome,hewouldbringagift.二、习题练习单项选择1.Thereason_______hewaslatewasthathe_______theearlybus.a.for/missedb.why/hadmissedc.that/missedd.what/hadmissed2.IwishI_______speakFrenchfluently.a.canb.couldc.mayd.will3.Itisimportantthatthegovernment_______moremoneyforeducation.a.allocatesb.allocatesc.allocatesd.allocates4._______hetries,heneverseemstobeabletofinishtheworkontime.a.Howeverb.Whateverc.Wheneverd.However5.Thebook_______Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.a.whichb.thatc.whosed.whom6.IfI_______you,Iwouldapologizetoher.a.amb.werec.bed.am7.Itissuggestedthateveryone_______carefullybeforesigningthecontract.a.readsb.readc.readd.reads8.Theman_______livesnextdoorisadoctor.a.whichb.whoc.whomd.whose9.Thegirl_______youspoketoismysister.a.whob.whomc.whosed.which10.IfI_______moremoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.a.haveb.hadc.havingd.has改错1.Thathewillsucceediscertain.2.Idon'tknowwhathemeans.3.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheearlybus.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.5.Thegirlwhofatherisadoctorismyneighbor.句子翻译1.将中文句子翻译成英文：他之所以成功，是因为他付出了很多努力。2.将中文句子翻译成英文：如果天气好，我们将去公园野餐。3.将中文句子翻译成英文：我建议他应该认真考虑这个机会。短文改错Lastweek,myfriendandIwenttovisitafriendwholivedinasmalltown.Thetownwasveryquietandpeaceful,andweenjoyedourtimethere.Wewalkedaroundthestreetsandsawmanyoldbuildings.Thepeoplewholivetherewerefriendlyandwelcoming.Wehadlunchatasmallrestaurantandorderedsomelocalfood.Itwasdelicious!Weleftthetownintheafternoonanddrovebackhome.Wehadawonderfultimeandwouldlovetovisitagainsomeday.三、答案与解析（略）试卷答案一、语法难点系统讲解（无）二、习题练习单项选择1.b2.b3.a4.c5.b6.b7.b8.b9.a10.b改错1.Noerror.2.Noerror.3.Noerror.4.Noerror.5.Thegirlwhosefatherisadoctorismyneighbor.句子翻译1.Hesucceededbecauseheworkedveryhard.2.Iftheweatherisfine,wewillgototheparkforapicnic.3.Isuggestthatheshouldseriouslyconsiderthisopportunity.短文改错Lastweek,myfriendandIwenttovisitafriendwholivedinasmalltown.Thetownwasveryquietandpeaceful,andweenjoyedourtimethere.Wewalkedaroundthestreetsandsawmanyoldbuildings.Thepeoplewholivetherewerefriendlyandwelcoming.Wehadlunchatasmallrestaurantandorderedsomelocalfood.Itwasdelicious!Weleftthetownintheafternoonanddrovebackhome.Wehadawonderfultimeandwouldlovetovisitagainsomeday.解析单项选择1.b分析：reason后面需要跟定语从句修饰reason，且关系词在从句中作表语，指代“reason”，应用that或why。that在此作关系代词，指代“thereason”，并在从句中作表语，符合题意。why不能指代reason。选项a中，for是介词，不能引导定语从句。选项c中，that引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，不符合题意。选项d中，what不能引导定语从句。2.b分析：wish后面要表达与现在事实相反的愿望，应该用虚拟语气，即“主语+could/would/might+动词原形”。can表示能力，不符合虚拟语气的要求。may表示可能性，不符合虚拟语气的要求。will表示意愿，不符合虚拟语气的要求。只有could表示虚拟语气，符合题意。3.a分析：Itisimportant/necessary/essential/vital/suggests/requiredthat+主语+(should)+动词原形，是固定句型，应该用动词原形。选项b、c、d中的动词形式均错误。4.c分析：Whenever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论何时”，符合句意。However引导让步状语从句时，后面通常跟形容词或副词。Whatever引导让步状语从句时，后面通常跟名词。句意是“无论他怎么努力，他似乎永远都完不成这项工作”，应用whenever。5.b分析：book后面需要跟定语从句修饰book，且关系词在从句中作主语，指代“book”，应用which或that。选项a中，which在此作关系代词，指代“book”，并在从句中作主语，符合题意。选项c中，whose引导定语从句时，后面跟名词，不符合题意。选项d中，whom指代人，不符合题意。6.b分析：IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoher.是固定句型，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用“主语+would/could/might+动词原形”，从句用动词的过去式。如果if从句中的主语是第三人称单数，在虚拟语气中要用were，而不是am或be。7.b分析：Itissuggested/recommended/ordered/demandedthat+主语+(should)+动词原形，是固定句型，应该用动词原形。选项a、c、d中的动词形式均错误。8.b分析：Theman后面需要跟定语从句修饰Theman，且关系词在从句中作主语，指代“man”，应用who或that。选项a中，which指代物，不符合题意。选项c中，whom指代人，但在从句中作宾语，不符合题意。选项d中，whose指代所有格，不符合题意。只有who符合题意。9.a分析：you是指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who。选项b中，whom指代人，但在从句中作宾语，不符合题意。选项c中，whose指代所有格，不符合题意。选项d中，which指代物，不符合题意。10.b分析：IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.是固定句型，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，主句用“主语+would/could/might+动词原形”，从句用“if+主语+had+过去分词”。如果if从句中的主语是第一人称，在虚拟语气中要用had，而不是have或having。改错1.Noerror.定语从句中，关系代词that在从句中作表语，指代“reason”，符合题意。2.Noerror.名词性从句中，动词用陈述句语序，符合题意。3.Noerror.定语从句中，关系代词that在从句中作表语，指代“reason”，符合题意。4.Noerror.虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，主句用“主语+would+动词原形”，符合题意。5.Thegirlwhosefatherisadoctorismyneighbor.whose引导定语从句，修饰“girl”，指代“girl”的“father”，符合题意。句子翻译1.Hesucceededbecauseheworkedveryhard