2024妇女和儿童健康报告 Health of Women and Children 2024 Report

2024

Healthof

Womenand

Children

Report

Forthefirsttime,the

HealthofWomenand

ChildrenReportexamines

healthdisparitiesamong

womenbydisability

status,sexualorientation

andveteranstatus.The

reportalsoincludesfour

newmeasures:congenital

syphilis,mentalhealth

conditionsandmentalhealthtreatmentamongchildren,andmentorshipofchildren.

HealthyPeople2030ChampionbadgeisaservicemarkoftheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Usedwithpermission.ParticipationbyUnitedHealthFoundationdoesnotimplyendorsementbyHHS/ODPHP.

Thisreportis

complementedbythe

2024Maternal

andInfantHealth

DisparitiesDataBrief

,whichsoughttomoredeeplyunderstand

disparitiesinseveralofthekeyoutcome

measuresincludedinthisreport,suchasmaternalmortalityandseverematernalmorbidity.ThebriefprovidesdetailedStateProfileswhichincludedisparitiesandtrendsovertimeintheseand

othermeasures.

HealthEquityinFocus

Maternal

andInfantHealth

Disparities

DataBrief

SupportingHealthyPeople2030:

MeasuringHealthDisparitiesandHealthEquity

HealthyPeople2030isaprogramledbytheOfficeofDiseasePreventionandHealthPromotionwithintheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS)thatsets

data-drivennationalobjectivesforthenation’shealthandwell-beingoverthenext

decade,withakeyfocusonaddressingthesocialdeterminantsofhealthandworkingtowardhealthequity.Fornearlyfivedecades,HealthyPeople’snational-levelobjectiveshaveservedasvaluablebenchmarksforadvancinghealthandwell-beingatthestatelevel.Italsoprovidesdatatotrackthenation’sprogresstowardachievingthosegoals,aswellastoolsthathelpguideindividuals,organizationsandcommunitiestodoso.

Asalong-standingchampionofpublichealthandtheHHSHealthyPeople2030goals,theUnitedHealthFoundationishonoredtoberecognizedasa

HealthyPeople2030Champion

.

Contents

Introduction

2

NationalSnapshot

4

Findings

6

HealthOutcomes

6

SocialandEconomicFactors

21

ClinicalCare

27

Behaviors

29

StateRankings

32

Appendix

35

NationalSummary

35

DemographicGroupDefinitions

37

Language

38

Limitations

38

References

39

CalltoAction

The2024HealthofWomenandChildrenReportspotlightsthevariousfactorsthatinfluencethehealthofwomen

andchildren,underscoringtheimportanceofthesocialdriversofhealthtothewell-beingofourcommunities.Bytakingaproactiveandpreventiveapproachtohealth,supportingthehealthcareworkforceandensuring

everyonehasaccesstotheresourcesandcarethey

needtothrive,wecanaddresshealthchallengesbeforetheyworsen.Weencouragepolicymakers,advocates,

communityleadersandindividualstousethesefindingstoadvancebetterhealthandwell-beingforallwomenandchildrennationwide.

TheUnitedHealthFoundationisproudtorelease

theAmerica’sHealthRankings®2024HealthofWomenandChildrenReport,whichprovidesacomprehensivelookatthehealthofwomenofreproductiveageandchildrennationwideandonastate-by-statebasis

Monitoringandsupportingthehealthandwell-beingof

womenofreproductiveageandchildrenisacornerstoneofpublichealth.Bypromotingaproactiveandpreventiveapproachtohealth,addressingpersistentandemergingchallengesandsupportingthehealthcareworkforce,thenationcanimprovethehealthofthesetwopopulations

andthewell-beingofindividuals,familiesandcommunities.In2022,therewereapproximately59.2million

womenof

reproductiveage

(18-44)and72.5million

children

youngerthan18intheUnitedStates,togethermakinguparound40%ofthepopulation.

Womenfacedchallengesacrossvarioushealthoutcomes,includingbehavioralandphysicalhealthmeasuressuchasrisingratesofdrugdeathsandobesity.Therewereseveralbrightspotsinchildren’shealth,includingdecreasesintheteensuiciderateandoverweightandobesityprevalenceamongyouth.Thesewereoffsetinpartbycontinued

challengeslikethechildmortalityrate,whichincreasedforthethirdconsecutiveyear—reachinganewhighinthehistoryoftheHealthofWomenandChildrenReport.

Thedataalsohighlightseveralmeasuresreturningtowardpre-pandemiclevelsafterworseningorimprovingduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Theseincludeunemployment,frequentphysicaldistress,insufficientsleepand

fluvaccinationamongwomen,andearlyeducation

enrollmentandneighborhoodamenitiesamongchildren.Additionally,themortalityrateforwomenimproved

between2021and2022afterrisingduetoCOVID-19.

The2024HealthofWomenandChildrenReportfindsthat:

•Childandmaternalmortalitybothworsened,whiletheoverallmortalityrateamongwomenimproved.

Allmortalitymeasureshadsignificantdisparitiesby

race/ethnicityandgeography.Firearmdeaths,anindicatorofcommunityandfamilysafety,havebeenincreasingamongwomenofreproductiveageandchildren.

•Behavioralandmentalhealthchallengesamong

womencontinuedtogrow,withincreasesinthedrugdeathrateandtheprevalenceofdepressionand

frequentmentaldistress.

•Theprevalenceofmentalhealthconditionsamongchildrenincreased,whilementalhealthtreatment

amongchildrenremainedstableandtheteensuiciderateimproved.

•Somephysicalhealthmeasuresimprovedwhile

othersworsened.Ratesofseverematernalmorbidity,asthmaandobesityamongwomenrose.However,

theprevalenceofyouthwhoareoverweightor

haveobesityimproved.Amongnewborns,casesofcongenitalsyphilisincreased,butcasesofneonatalabstinencesyndromedecreased.

•Cigarettesmokingamongwomen,smokingduringpregnancyandhouseholdsmokeexposureamongchildrenimproved.

•Earlychildhoodeducationenrollmentincreased

afterhavingdeclinedsubstantiallybetween2019and2021duringtheCOVID-19pandemic.However,foodsufficiencyamongchildrenworsened.

•Severalmeasuresofaccesstocareimproved.The

uninsuredrateamongwomenandchildrendecreased,andthenumberofpediatriciansper100,000childrenincreased.However,otherclinicalcaremeasures,

includinglow-riskcesareandelivery,adequateprenatalcareandwell-womanvisit,didnotsignificantlychange.

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Introduction

Objective

America’sHealthRankingsaimstoinformanddriveactiontobuildhealthiercommunitiesbyofferingcredible,trusteddatathatcanguideeffortstoimprovepopulationhealthandhealthcare.Toachievethis,America’sHealthRankingscollaborateswithanadvisorycommitteetodeterminetheselectionofacomprehensivesetofmeasures.The2024HealthofWomenandChildrenReportisbasedon:

•Measures:123.Theseinclude82measuresincludedinthestaterankingcalculationand41additional

(unweighted)measuresnotincludedinthestate

rankings.Foracompletelistofmeasures,definitionsandsourcedetails,seetheMeasuresTable.

•Categoriesofhealth:five.Thereportanalyzeshealthandwell-beingholisticallythroughmeasuresofHealthOutcomesandfourcategoriesofdriversofhealth:

SocialandEconomicFactors,PhysicalEnvironment,BehaviorsandClinicalCare.

•Datasources:33.Dataarefrommanysources,

includingtheCentersforDiseaseControland

Prevention’sBehavioralRiskFactorSurveillance

SystemandPregnancyRiskAssessmentMonitoringSystem,MarchofDimes,theNationalSurveyof

Children’sHealthandtheU.S.CensusBureau’sAmericanCommunitySurvey.

TheAmerica’sHealthRankingsHealthofWomenandChildrenReportaimstoimprovepopulationhealthby:

•Presentingaholisticviewofhealth.Thisreportgoesbeyondmeasuresofclinicalcareandhealthbehaviorsbyconsideringsocial,economicand

physicalenvironmentmeasures,reflectingtheimpactofsocialdriversofhealth.

•Providingabenchmarkforstates.Eachyearsinceitsfirstpublication,thereporthaspresentedstrengths,

challengesandkeyfindingsforeachstateandthe

DistrictofColumbia.Publichealthadvocatescanmonitorhealthtrendsovertimeandcomparetheirstatewith

otherstatesorthenation.StateSummariescontainingdataonall82rankingand41unweightedmeasuresareavailableonthewebsiteasaseparatedownload.

•Highlightingdisparities.Thereportshowsdifferencesinhealthbetweenstatesandamongdemographic

groupsatstateandnationallevels,withgroupings

basedonrace/ethnicity,gender,age,disabilitystatus,educationalattainment,incomelevel,metropolitanstatus,sexualorientationandveteranstatus.Theseanalysesoftenrevealdifferencesamonggroupsthatnationalorstateaggregatedatamaymask.

•Stimulatingaction.Thereportaimstodrivechangeandimprovehealthbypromotingdata-driven

discussionsamongindividuals,communityleaders,publichealthworkers,policymakersandthemedia.Statescanincorporatethereportintotheirannualreviewofprograms,andmanyorganizationsuse

itasareferencewhenassigninggoalsforhealthimprovementplans.

ModelforMeasuringAmerica’sHealth

America’sHealthRankingsisbuiltupontheWorld

Behaviors

Physical

Environment

ClinicalCare

Health

Outcomes

Social&

Economic

Factors

HealthOrganization’sdefinitionofhealth:“Healthisastateofcompletephysical,mental,andsocialwell-beingandnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity.”ThemodelwasdevelopedundertheguidanceoftheAmerica’sHealthRankings’advisorycouncilandcommittees,withinsightsfromotherrankingsandhealthmodels,namely

CountyHealth

Rankings&Roadmaps

and

HealthyPeople2030

.

Themodelservesasaframeworkacrossall

America’sHealthRankingsreportsforidentifyingandquantifyinghealthdriversandoutcomes

thatimpactstateandnationalpopulationhealth.

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NationalSnapshot

NationalSnapshot

ReturningTowardPre-Pandemic

(2019)Levels

31%▽

FrequentPhysical

15%▲

increasefrom7.5%to8.6%ofwomenages18-44between2019-2020and2021-2022.

decreasefrom5.2%to

3.6%ofthefemalecivilianworkforcebetween2021and2022.

UnemploymentAmongWomen*

DistressAmongWomen**

HealthOutcomes

14%▲

MortalityAmongChildrent

increasefrom25.4to29.0

deathsper100,000childrenages1-19between2017-2019and2020-2022.

34%▲

MaternalMortalityttincreasefrom17.3to23.2deathsper100,000livebirthsbetween2014-2018and2018-2022.

6%▽TeenSuicidet

decreasefrom11.2to10.5deathsper100,000adolescentsages

15-19between2017-2019and2020-2022.

8%▲

ObesityAmongWomen**

increasefrom30.4%to32.7%ofwomenages18-44between2019-2020and2021-2022.

12%▽

MortalityAmongWoment

decreasefrom136.4to120.0

deathsper100,000womenages20-44between2021and2022.

11%▲Depression

AmongWomen**

increasefrom26.1%to29.1%ofwomenages18-44between2019-2020and2021-2022.

12%▲

MentalHealthConditionsAmongChildren‡

increasefrom17.7%to19.9%ofchildrenages6-17between2020-2021and2022-2023.

6%▽

OverweightorObesityAmongYouth‡

decreasefrom33.2%to31.1%ofyouthages10-17between2020-2021and2022-2023.

*Source:U.S.DepartmentofLabor,BureauofLaborStatistics.

**Source:CDC,BehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem.

†Source:CDCWONDER,MultipleCauseofDeathFiles.

††Source:HHS,HRSAMCHB,FederallyAvailableData.

‡Source:HHS,HRSAMCHB,NationalSurveyofChildren’sHealth.‡‡Source:U.S.CensusBureau,AmericanCommunitySurvey.

§Source:CDCWONDER,NatalityPublicUseFiles.

NationalSnapshot

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SocialandEconomicFactors

37%▲FirearmDeaths

AmongChildrent

increasefrom4.3to5.9

deathsper100,000childrenages1-19between2017-2019and2020-2022.

27%▲FirearmDeaths

AmongWoment

increasefrom4.8to6.1

deathsper100,000women

ages20-44between2017-2019and2020-2022.

16%▲

EarlyChildhood

Education‡‡

increasefrom40.2%to46.7%ofchildrenages3-4between2021and2022.

Behaviors

20%▽

SmokingDuringPregnancy§

decreasefrom4.6%to3.7%ofwomenwitharecentlivebirthbetween2021and2022.

6%▽

FoodSufficiency

AmongChildren‡

decreasefrom71.9%to67.3%ofchildrenages0-17between2020-2021and2022-2023.

16%▽

SmokingAmongWomen**

decreasefrom13.4%to11.2%ofwomenages18-44between2019-2020and2021-2022.

ClinicalCare

8%▽

UninsuredWomen‡‡decreasefrom11.8%to10.9%ofwomenages19-44between2021and2022.

6%▽

UninsuredChildren‡‡decreasefrom5.4%to5.1%

ofchildrenyoungerthan19between2021and2022.

**Source:CDC,BehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem.

†Source:CDCWONDER,MultipleCauseofDeathFiles.

††Source:HHS,HRSAMCHB,FederallyAvailableData.

‡Source:HHS,HRSAMCHB,NationalSurveyofChildren’sHealth.‡‡Source:U.S.CensusBureau,AmericanCommunitySurvey.

§Source:CDCWONDER,NatalityPublicUseFiles.

ReturningTowardPre-Pandemic

(2019)Levels

6%▲

increasefrom35.9%to38.0%ofchildrenages0-17between2020-2021and2022-2023.

9%▲

increasefrom33.4%to

36.5%ofwomenages18-44between2020and2022.

NeighborhoodAmenitiesAmongChildren‡

InsufficientSleepAmongWomen**

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Findings

HealthOutcomes

Findings

Severalmeasuresofbehavioralandphysicalhealthamong

womenworsened,likedepressionandseverematernal

morbidity.Mortalityamongchildrenalsoworsened.However,severalothermeasuresofchildren’shealthimproved,includingteensuicideandtheprevalenceofyouthwhoareoverweightorhaveobesity.

HEALTHOUTCOMES|MORTALITY

Overallmortalityimprovedamongwomenofreproductiveage.Incontrast,ratesofmaternalmortalityandmortalityamongchildrenworsened.

MortalityAmongWomen

WomenintheUnitedStateshavea

higherrate

of

preventabledeathsthanwomenlivinginotherhigh-

incomecountries.1In2022,the10

leadingcausesof

death

forwomenages20-44wereunintentionalinjuries(

ledbypoisoningandmotorvehicleaccidents

),cancer,heartdisease,suicide,chronicliverdisease/cirrhosis,

homicide,COVID-19,diabetes,cerebrovasculardiseasesanddeathsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirth.2,3ThenumberofCOVID-19deathsamongwomenages20-44droppedfromapproximately8,700to2,300

between2021and2022,shiftingthediseasefromthesecondtotheseventhmostcommoncauseofdeath.

Changesovertime.Nationally,mortalityamong

women—thenumberofdeathsper100,000females

ages20-44—decreased12%,from136.4to120.0between

2021and2022,afterincreasing16%between2020and

2021.In2022,about66,000womenofreproductiveagediedintheU.S.,adecreaseof8,400deathscompared

with2021.Ratesdecreased26%amongHawaiian/Pacific

Islander(240.9to178.0deathsper100,000womenages20-44),17%amongHispanic(97.3to81.0),14%among

Black(222.7to192.3),12%amongAmericanIndian/AlaskaNative(423.4to370.5)and10%amongwhite(138.8to

124.8)women.

Themortalityratedecreasedin20states,ledby:23%inAlabama(212.3to163.1deathsper100,000womenages20-44),22%inMississippi(244.4to189.9)and21%inFlorida(159.4to125.4).

Disparities.Themortalityratesignificantlyvariedbyrace/ethnicityandgeographyin2022.Theratewas:

•9.4timeshigheramongAmericanIndian/AlaskaNative(370.5deathsper100,000womenages20-44)than

Asian(39.6)women.Thedisparitybetweenthesetwogroupswaswiderin2022thanin2019(7.7).

•2.9timeshigherinWestVirginia(224.8)thanHawaii(78.7).

Note:Thematernalmortality2014-2018and2018-2022comparisoncontainsanoverlappingdatayear(2018);thus,thecomparisonismainlybetweenthenon-overlappingyears(2014-2017and2019-2022).ThevaluesforAmericanIndian/AlaskaNative,BlackandHawaiian/PacificIslanderwomenmaynotdiffersignificantlybasedonoverlapping95%confidenceintervals.Thesameistrueformultiracial,AsianandHispanicwomen;womenyoungerthan20,womenages20-24andwomenages25-29;andwomenwithlessthanahighschooleducationandhighschoolgraduates.

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Findings

HealthOutcomes

ChangesinMortalityAmongWomen

ByRace/EthnicityBetween2019and2022

Deathsper100,000womenages20-44

400

300

200

100

0

American

Indian/

AlaskaNative

Black

Hawaiian/

PacificIslander

White

Overall

Hispanic

Multiracial

Asian

2019202020212022DataYears

AmericanIndian/

AlaskaNative●Asian

●Black

White

●Overall

Hawaiian/

PacificIslander

●Hispanic.Multiracial

Source:CDCWONDER,MultipleCauseofDeathFiles,2019-2022.

RelatedMeasure:MaternalMortality

Nationally,maternalmortality—thenumberofdeaths

relatedtooraggravatedbypregnancy(excluding

accidentalorincidentalcauses)occurringwithin42

daysoftheendofapregnancyper100,000livebirths—increased34%,from17.3to23.2between2014-2018and2018-2022.Therateexceedsthe

HealthyPeople2030

nationaltargetof15.7deathsper100,000

.Approximately4,300maternaldeathsoccurredin2018-2022,about

900moredeathsthanin2014-2018.

Disparities.Thematernalmortalityratesignificantly

variedbyrace/ethnicity,geography,ageandeducationalattainmentin2018-2022.Theratewas:

•4.4timeshigheramongAmericanIndian/AlaskaNative(58.0deathsper100,000livebirths)thanmultiracial

(13.1)women.

•3.9timeshigherinTennessee(41.1)thanCalifornia(10.5).

•3.4timeshigheramongwomenage35andolder(48.1)thanthoseages20-24(14.0).

•3.0timeshigheramongwomenwhograduatedfromhighschool(36.2)thancollegegraduates(12.2).

-GG

IalwaysknewIwantedtoworkwithchildren.Irealizedthat

providingthebestoutcomes

forthemstartswithtakingcare

ofmoms.That’swhyIfocusonpostpartumcareasamental

healthnurserightnow.I’ve

seentoomanymomssufferinginsilence,afraidtospeakup

aboutthechallengestheyface.Midwiferytrainingallowsmetoreallylistentothesepatients,ensuringtheygetcaresomomsandbabiescanthrive.

Yamilee,RN,aDiversityinHealthCarescholarpursuingaDNPinmidwifery

UnitedHealthFoundationDiversityinHealthCareScholar

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Findings

HealthOutcomes

ChangesinMortalityAmongChildren

ByAgeBetween2012-2014and2020-2022

Deathsper100,000children

60

45

30

15

0

Ages15-19

Overall

Ages1-4

Ages5-14

2014-

2016

2016-

2018

2018-

2020

2020-

2022

2012-

2014

DataYears

Source:CDCWONDER,MultipleCauseofDeathFiles,2012-2022.

MortalityAmongChildren

In2020-2022,the

leadingcausesofdeath

amongchildrenages1-19intheU.S.wereaccidents(unintentionalinjuries),homicide,suicide,cancerandcongenitalabnormalities.

Manyofthesetypesofdeathsareoftenpreventable.4

The

leadingcausesofinjurydeath

(bothintentionaland

unintentional)amongchildrenin2020-2022werefirearms,followedbymotorvehicletrafficaccidentsandpoisoning.5TheU.S.isthe

onlynation

amongitseconomicpeers

wherefirearmsaretheleadingcauseofchildmortality.6

Changesovertime.Nationally,childmortality—the

numberofdeathsper100,000childrenages1-19—

increased14%,from25.4to29.0between2017-2019

and2020-2022.Thisincreaseislargerthantheincrease

featuredinthe

2023HealthofWomenandChildrenReport

andexceedsthe

HealthyPeople2030targetof18.4deaths

per100,000population

.About68,000childrendiedin

theU.S.during2020-2022,anincreaseof8,000deathssince2017-2019.Ratesincreasedamongallageand

gendergroups.Bygroup,thelargestincreasesbetween2017-2019and2020-2022were:

•20%amongchildrenages15-19(49.8to59.9

deathsper100,000children),7%amongchildrenages5-14(13.4to14.4)and6%amongchildren

ages1-4(23.8to25.2).

•16%amongboys(32.3to37.5)and12%amonggirls(18.1to20.2).

Duringthesameperiod,thechildmortalityrateincreasedin22states.Thelargestincreaseswere:37%inMontana

(33.4to45.7deathsper100,000childrenages1-19),

29%inLouisiana(36.8to47.3)and25%inNorthCarolina(26.7to33.4).

Disparities.Thechildmortalityratesignificantlyvariedbyrace/ethnicity,ageandgeographyin2020-2022.

Theratewas:

•4.3timeshigheramongAmericanIndian/Alaska

Native(60.7deathsper100,000childrenages1-19)comparedwithAsian(14.0)children.

•4.2timeshigheramongchildrenages15-19(59.9)thanthoseages5-14(14.4).

•3.1timeshigherinMississippi(49.4)thanMassachusetts(15.8).

Note:ThevaluesforAmericanIndian/AlaskaNativeandBlackchildrenmaynotdiffersignificantlybasedonoverlapping95%confidenceintervals.

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Findings

HealthOutcomes

HEALTHOUTCOMES|BEHAVIORALHEALTH

Manybehavioralhealthmeasuresworsenedforwomen.Amongchildren,

diagnosesofmentalhealthconditionsincreasedandteensuicideratesimproved.

DrugDeathsAmongWomen

Heavydruguseandoverdosesare

costlytosociety

,

burdeningindividuals,families,thehealthcaresystemandtheeconomy.7Theopioidepidemichascontributedtoadeclineinoverall

lifeexpectancy

intheU.S.8Thoughthismeasureincludesdeathsfromalldrugdeaths,

opioids—

fentanyl

inparticular—arethemostsignificantcontributor.9

Morethan76%

ofdrugdeathsin2022

involvedanopioid.10

Changesovertime.Nationally,thedrugdeathrate—

deathduetodruginjury(unintentional,suicide,homicideorundetermined)per100,000femalesages20-44—

increased38%,from20.7to28.6between2017-2019

and2020-2022.Thisincreaseexceededthe27%increasefeaturedin

lastyear’sreport

.Therateishigherthanthe

HealthyPeople2030targetof20.7deathsper100,000

population

.In2020-2022,nearly46,900womenof

reproductiveagediedintheU.S.fromadrugoverdose,anincreaseof13,500deathssince2017-2019.Thedrugdeathrateincreasedin35statesandtheDistrictof

Columbia.Thelargestincreaseswere:113%inMississippi(12.6to26.9deathsper100,000womenages20-44),

111%inNorthDakota(12.3to26.0)and101%inOregon(11.0to22.1).

Disparities.Thedrugdeathratesignificantlyvariedbyrace/ethnicity,geographyandagein2020-2022;alldisparitieswerewiderthantheywerein2019-2021.

Theratewas:

•19.1timeshigheramongAmericanIndian/AlaskaNative(68.6deathsper100,000womenages

20-44)comparedwithAsianwomen(3.6).

•10.2timeshigherinWestVirginia(91.2)thanHawaii(8.9).

•2.4timeshigheramongwomenages35-44(35.5)thanthoseages20-24(15.0).

DrugDeathsAmongWomen

ByRace/Ethnicityin2020-2022

Asian

3.6

19.1x

Hawaiian/PacificIslander

11.1

Hispanic

13.6

Multiracial

21.3

Black

31.1

White

36.7

AmericanIndian/AlaskaNative

68.6

010203040506070

Deathsper100,000womenages20-44

Source:CDCWONDER,MultipleCauseofDeathFiles,2020-2022.

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Findings

HealthOutcomes

FrequentMentalDistressAmongWomen

ByDisabilityStatusin2021-2022

WithoutaDisability

14.8%·4.4x·

DifficultyHearing

39.4%

DifficultySeeing

40.4%

DifficultyWithMobility

48.4%

DifficultyWithCognition

57.0%

DifficultyWithSelf-Care

59.7%

IndependentLivingDifficulty

65.6%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%

Percentageofwomenages18-44

Source:CDC,BehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem,2021-2022.

FrequentMentalDistressAmongWomen

Chronic

stressors

likehousinginsecurity,foodinsecurityandinsufficientsleepareassociatedwithfrequent

mentaldistress,aself-reportedmeasurerepresenting

thepopulationexperiencingpersistentandseverementalhealthissues.11Inseverecases,poormentalhealthcanleadto

suicide

,oneofthe

leading

causesofdeathintheU.S.12,13

Changesovertime.Nationally,thepercentageofwomenages18-44whoreportedtheirmentalhealthwasnotgood

14ormoredaysinthepast30daysincreased18%,from19.4%to22.9%between2019-2020and2021-2022,largerthanthe16%increasefeaturedin

lastyear’sreport

.Theprevalenceincreasedacrossallincomeandagegroupsandsome

educationalattainmentgroups,aswellasamongwomenlivinginbothmetropolitanandnon-metropolitanareas

duringthistimeframe.Bygroup,thelargestincreaseswere:

•38%amongwomenwithanannualhouseholdincomeof$50,000-$74,999(16.7%to23.1%),26%among

womenwithincomesof$75,000ormore(12.0%to

15.1%),20%amongwomenwithincomesof$25,000-$49,999(20.3%to24.4%)and17%amongwomenwithincomeslessthan$25,000(24.8%to28.9%).

•20%amongwomenages18-24(24.5%to29.4%),

19%amongwomenages25-34(19.1%to22.8%)and17%amongwomenages35-44(16.0%to18.7%).

•21%amongwomenwhograduatedfromcollege(13.5%to16.3%)andwomenwithsomepost–highschool

education(20.8%to25.1%),and19%amongwomenwhograduatedfromhighschool(19.1%to22.7%).

•17%amongwomenlivinginnon-metropolitanareas(21.9%to25.6%)and15%amongwomenlivingin

metropolitanareas(19.6%to22.6%).

Duringthistimeframe,theprevalenceoffrequentmentaldistressincreasedin20states.Thelargestincreaseswere:46%inAlaska(15.8%to23.0%),43%inWisconsin(18.5%to26.4%)and37%inIdaho(19.3%to26.5%).

Disparities.Frequentmentaldistresssignificantlyvariedbydisability,sexualorientation,race/ethnicity,income,

geography,ageandeducationalattainmentin2021-2022.Theprevalencewas:

•4.4timeshigheramongwomenwithindependentlivingdifficulty(65.6%)thanthosewithoutadisability(14.8%).

•2.2timeshigheramongLGBQ+(43.0%)thanstraight(19.3%)women.

•2.2timeshigheramongmultiracial(33.2%)comparedwithAsian(15.1%)women.

•1.9timeshigheramongwomenwithanannual

householdincomelessthan$25,000(28.9%)thanthosewithincomesof$75,000ormore(15.1%).

•1.8timeshigherinTenn