抗菌素耐药性

NOACTIONTODAYMEANSNOCURETOMOROW

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Combatdrugresistance

今天不采取行动，明天就无药可用_抗菌素耐药性Whenthefirstantibioticswereintroducedinthe1940s,theywere抗生素于上个世纪40年代首次现身时，被人们惊呼为“神药”，是hailedas“wonderdrugs”,themiraclesofmodernmedicine.And是现代医学的奇迹,情况也的确如此。rightlyso.Widespreadinfectionsthatkilledmanymillionsofpeople曾经每年夺去数百万人生命的广泛存在的感染，

everyyearcouldnowbecured.现在得以治愈。Majordiseases,likesyphilis,gonorrhoMajordiseases,likesyphilis,gonorrhoea,leprosy,and现在得以治愈。梅毒、淋病、麻风和结核等主要疾病失去了锋芒tuberculosis,lostmuchoftheirsting.Theriskofdeathfrom链球菌性咽喉炎或孩子划伤腿等常见病患造成死亡的风险somethingsocommonasstrepthroatorachild’sscratched基本上已不复存在。kneevirtuallyvanished.

Thepowerfulimpactofthesemedicinessparkeda这些药物的巨大影响引发了一场发现新药的革命revolutioninthediscoveryofnewdrugs.Thehuman人类的状况得到了极大好转，conditiontookadramaticturnforthebetter,with期望寿命有了显著提高significantjumpsinlifeexpectancy.But,nowtheworldisonthebrinkoflosingthesemiracle但世界即将失去这些神药cures.Theemergenceandspreadofdrug-resistant耐药病原体已经加速出现和蔓延。pathogenshasaccelerated.Moreandmoreessential越来越多人们必需的药物正在失效medicinesarefailing.becomehazardousWhilehospital“superbugs”makethebiggest医院的“超级病菌”成了最引人注目的新闻，headlines,theseespeciallydeadlypathogensarejust但这些致死性极强的病原体只是更大规模、theextremeexpressionofamuchbroader,andmore更令人不安情况的冰山一角。disturbingpicture.Withhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardous.Thedevelopmentofresistanceisanaturalbiologicalprocess出现耐药是每种药物迟早都会发生的自然生物过程。thatwilloccur,soonerorlater,witheverydrug.Theuseofany针对某种感染使用某一剂量的某种抗菌剂一段时间antimicrobialforanyinfection,inanydose,andoveranytime会迫使微生物或是适应，或是死亡period,forcesmicrobestoeitheradaptordie。Withhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardous.Themicrobeswhichadaptandsurvivecarry适应并存活下来的微生物携带耐药基因，genesforresistance,whichcanbepassedon可以从一个人传给另一个人fromonepersontoanotherandrapidlyspread并在世界上快速蔓延开来。aroundtheworld.Withhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardousWehaveassumedthatmiraclecureswilllastforever,我们想当然地以为神药永远存在，witholderdrugseventuallyfailingonlytobereplaced旧药最终失效，而更新、更好、作用更强的药物会取代bynewer,betterandmorepowerfulones.Thisisnotat它们,但我们现在看到的趋势却并非如此。allthetrendweareseeing.Withhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardousIrrationalandinappropriateuseofantimicrobialsisby抗菌剂的不合理及不当使用，目前是出现耐药的farthebiggestdriverofdrugresistance.Thisincludes最主要原因。overuse,whendrugsaredispensedtooliberally,它包括发药过于随便导致的过度用药sometimesto“beonthesafeside”,sometimesin有时是“为保险起见”，有时是因为患者要求responsetopatientdemandtoWithhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardousThisincludesunderuse,especiallywheneconomic它还包括用药不足，尤其是患者因经济困难hardshipencouragespatientstostoptreatmentas而感觉稍好就停止用药，soonastheyfeelbetter,ratherthancompletethe而不是坚持完成杀死所有病原体所需的整个疗程。treatmentcourseneededtofullykillthepathogen.Withhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardous它Andthisincludesthemassiveroutineuseofantimicrobials,to它还包括在食品工业化生产中大量常规地使用抗菌剂promotegrowthandforprophylaxis,intheindustrialized来促进生长和防病productionoffood.,morethan50%intonnageofall在抗菌剂产量的总吨数中，有50%以上antimicrobialproductionisusedinfood-producinganimals.是用于产肉动物asevidenceshowsthatpathogensthathavedeveloped因为证据显示，动物中的耐药病原体可以传给人。resistancetodrugsinanimalscanbetransmittedtohumansHowcanwedo?那我们该怎么办呢HowcanwedoWithhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardousWeallcanplanandcoordinateourresponse.Wecan我们所有人都可以计划和协调自己的应对行动expandsurveillanceefforts.Wecanimprovedrug我们可以扩大监测工作。我们可以改善药品监管供应regulatoryandsupplysystems.Wecanfoster系统。improveduseofmedicinesforhumanandanimal我们可以倡导改善人类与动物卫生中的用药health.Wecanactivelypreventandcontrolinfections我们可以积极防控卫生服务内外的感染等等inhealthservicesandsoon.Withhospitalsnowthehotbedsforhighly-resistantpathogens,suchproceduresbecomehazardousDrugresistancecostsvastamountsofmoney,andaffectsvast耐药造成了巨大的经济损失，众多人的生命受到影响numbersoflives.Thetrendsareclearandominous.Noaction这种不祥的趋势显而易见todaymeansnocuretomorrow.Atatimeofmultipleca