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必修2

Unit4Cyberspace

主题:人与社会子话题:科技与技术对应教材:必修2Unit4Cyberspace;必

修3Unit9Whee1s;选修7Unit20NewFrontiers

I.细品味经典文章

(2021•全国卷I)

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowing

forbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutof

privatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveconicupwithalow-costdevice(装

M)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardprecisely

measuresthecadence(节奏)wilhwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapp1ytoeach

key.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingslike

theforceofauser,stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsare

uniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople,sidentities,and

byextension,whethertneyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnected

to-regardlessofwhothorsomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen,talready

fami1iarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstype

theword“touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevice

couldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withvery

lowerrorrates.Thereseai'cherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbepretty

straightforwardtoconuncrcializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-like

parts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

II.按要求完成任务

1.写出文章中与科技相关的单词和短语。

dataandidentitytheft,fingerprintscans,e-spaces,asmartkeyboard,type,

password

2.写出文章中的优美句式。

⑴Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whether

theyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto-regardlessofwhether

someonegetsthepasswordright.

⑵Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talready

familiarwith.

⑶Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants

basedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.

I.重点词汇

1.focusvt.&vi.集中注意;(使聚焦)n.焦点,聚焦;(活动兴趣)中心,集中点

•【典型例句】

Ifyoufocusyourattentiononyourstudy,Iamsureyouwi11makegreaterprogress.

如果你专注于学习,我相信你会取得更大的进步。

«【词块必记】

(1)focuson聚焦于;专注于

focusone'seyeson凝视;注意

focusone'sattentionon集中注意力于

focusone,smindon把心思集中到……上

(2)infocus焦距对准,清晰

outoffocus焦距没对准,模糊

•【巧学助记】集中注意力于focus

.【语境速测】单句语法填空

©SomeparentsfocusmoreonchiIdren*sacademicperformances,ignoringthe

educationofsurvivalskills.

②Withyourattentionfullyfocused(focus)onthecellphone,perhaps,youwillfail

tonoticethetrafficaroundyou.

③Thebookfocuses(focus)onbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthuman

nature?

一句多译

④他当时正集中精力阅读。

Hewasfocusinghisattentiononreadingatthattime,(focus)

=Hewasfixinghisattentiononreadingatthattime,(fix)

=Hewasabsorbedinreadingatthattime.(absoro)

=Hewas10stinreadingatthattime.(lose)

=Hewasconcentratinghisattentiononreadingatthattime.(concentrate)

【知识拓展】表示“专心于……"的同义词组还有:

©concentrateon②fixone'sattentionon

③belostin®beabsorbedin

⑤beburiedin©bedevotedto

2.harmvt.&n.伤害,损害

•【典型例句】

Litteringandscribblingdogreatharmtotheimageofourschool.舌L丢垃圾,舌L涂

乱画严重损害了我们学校的形象。

。【词块必记】

meannoharm=notmeananyharm无恶意

Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事无害处

(2)harmfuladj.有害的

beharmfulto...对...有害

•【巧学助记】

【知识拓展】比照记忆派生短语

abi1ity-*onesabilitytodoable-beabletodo

success-onessuccessinsuccessful-*besuccessfulin

•【唔境速测】单句语法填空

®Foranotherthing,smokingdoesgreatharmtoourhealth,sothesecandiescan

serveasanalternativeoradoctor.

②Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharmincalling(cal1)

her.

同义句转换

③Soapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,sobecarefulthatyourwashingwater

doesn'tpollutethesea,lakesandrivers.

-*Soapsandotherwastescandoharmto/beharmfulto/bebadforwaterways,sobe

carefulthatyourwashingwaterdoesn*tpollutethesea,lakesandrivers.

•【写作金句】

Asthelegendtells,fireisprohibitedduringtheQingmingFestival,sopeople

cometojoinsomesportsactivitiestokeepwarmandavoidharmscausedbycolddishes.

相传清明节要禁火,为了取暖和防止寒食冷餐伤身,所以大家来参加一些体育活动。

3.settlevt.&vi.安放;安居,定居;解决

•【典型例句】

BesidesWcitchinglanterns,itisalsoadaytoappreciatetheful1moon,settle

lanternriddles,watchartperformancesandeattangyuan,dumplingballsmadeof

glutinousrice,usuallywithsweetfillings.

除了看灯,它(元宵节)也是赏月、猜灯谜、看艺术表演、吃汤圆/元宵的好时候。汤圆是用糯

米来做的,通常包着甜馅。

•【词块必记】

(1)settledown安下心来;定居下来;舒适地坐下

settledowntosth.安下心来做某事;开始认真对待某事

settlein/into安排下来;逐渐适应(新环境、工作等)

settleon决定,选定;停留,降落

(2)settlementn.解决;定居地;协议

reachasettlement达成协议

(3)settledadj.不变的,稳定的;固定的

(4)settlern.定居者

【熟词生义】

Isettledthebillfornycoffeeandhistwoglassesofwine.(匕结账)

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①Refugeessettling(settle)inBritainsufferfromanumberofproblems.

②They'dliketoseetheirdaughtersettle(settle)down,getmarriedandhavekids.

③Theysettleddowntoaseriousdiscussionovercoffee.

完成句子

®Theyfailedtoreachasettlement(没有达成协议),becausetheydisagreedtoomuch

witheachother.

⑤Don'tjustwasteyourprecioustime;settledowntosomereadingorsomething(坐

下来读点书或者做点别的什么事).

。【写作金句】

Ifyouwanttoimproveasubjectthatyouareweakin,youshouldsettledownto

it,andbepersistent.Youwillsucceedintime.

如果你想提升你的弱科,那么你应该专心于这个学科,持之以恒。你终将会成功。

4.viewn.景色,风景视野;观点意见i七眺望;观察;观看;看作

•【典型例句】

Theviewfromourwindowwasoneofbeautifulgreencountryside.

从我们的窗II能看见一片美丽的绿色田园风光。

•【词块必记】

(l)comeintoview进入视野,出现在眼前

inone*sview=intheviewofsb.在某人看来

inviewof鉴于,考虑到

from...pointofview从...观点来看

haveagoodviewof清楚地看到,饱览

(2)view...as把..视为

不一样的“风景”

•【语境速测】写出黑体局部的含义

©Unroriunaiely,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehinc,and

plantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.(视野)

@Ababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsand

desiresfromwhatheorshehas.(观点,见解)

完成句子

③Inmyview/Frommypointofview,ifyouwanttolearnEnglishwe11,youneedto

domorelistening,speaking,readingandwriting.在我看来,如果你想学好英语,你

需要多听、多说、多读、多写。

•【文化金句】

ChineseviewofCaoCaomainlycomesfromtheMingDynastynovelistLuoGuanzhcngts

TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms.

中国人对曹操的评价主要源于明代小说家罗贯中所著的?三国演义?。

5.affectvt.影响,起作用;感动,打动;(疾病)感染,侵袭

•【典型例句】

Thetrafficissueisahardnuttocrack.Itnotonlyaffectsoureveryday1ife,but

mayalsothreatenpeople*slives.

交通问题是•个很难解决的难题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活,还可■能威胁人们的生命。

•【词块必记】

(l)beaffectedwithahighfever发高烧

affectsb.totears把某人感动得流泪

begreatly/deeplyaffectedby被...深深打动

(2)effectn.效果;影响

haveaneffecton对...产生影响

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

®Thefootballplayershavespentdozensofdaysinthemilitarycampwiththesoldiers,

whichhasaneffectonthem.

②Ifseriouslyaffected(affeet),housesoftheordinarykindmightsuddenlycrumb1c,

causinglossof1ives.

句式升级

③Theaudienceweredeeplyaffected,andtheywarnlyapplaudedforalongtime.

—Deeplyaffected,theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedforalongtime.(非谓语动词作状

语)

-*Theaudience,whoweredeeplyaffected,warmlyapplaudedforalongtime.(定

语从句)

II.核心短语

6.getintouch取得联系

•【典型例句】

1triedtogetintouchwithhim,butunfortunately,1don'thavehisaddressand

can'tconnectwithhim.

我试着和他联系,但不幸的是,我没有他的地址,无法和他联系。

3【词块必记】

beintouch/contact(with)与...有联系

beoutoftouch/contact(with)与...没有联系

stay/keepintouch/contact(with)与...保持联系

losetouch/contact(with)与...失去联系

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

®Getijitouchwithmewithouthesitationifnecessary.

©Governmentministersareoftenbeingaccusedofbeingoutoftouchwithlife.

完成句子

③Theyhavebeenoutoftouchwitheachothersincetheirgraduationfromcollege.

大学毕业之后他们就失去联系了。

•【写作金句】

Thosewhoareinterestedinthejobpleasegetin:ouchwithusassoonaspossible

bytelephoneore-mail.

对这份工作感兴趣的人,请用或者电子邮件尽快和我们取得联系。

7.beupto做,从事于;多达,到达(数量/规格);胜任;直到……为止;取决于,由……

决定;是……的责任

•【典型例句】

Uptotwentythousandstudentspaidbetweenfiveandsixthousanddollars.

多达20000名学生支付了5000到6000美元。

,【词块必记】

(Duptosth.做,忙于;多达;胜任;

直到……为止

uptosb.由某人决定,是某人的责任

Itisuptosb.todosth.由某人决定做某事

liveupto到达……的标准;不辜负

(2)What'sup?怎么了?

•【语境速测】写出黑体局部的含义

①I'mafraidTimjustisn,tuptothejob.(胜任

②Uptosixhundredpeopleattendedthemeeting.(多达

@Shecontinuedtocareforherfatheruptothelimeofhisdeath.(直到

【写作金句】

However,ifyoudon'thavesparetimeforthistrip,itisfine.It'sjustup

toyou.

不过,如果你没有时间去旅行,也没关系。这取决于你。

8.hoknownas被认为是

•【典型例句】

ThediseaseismorecommonlyknownasMadCowDisease.

这种疾病更通俗的名称是疯牛病。

•【词块必记】

beknownfor因为...而知名

beknowntosb.为某人所熟知

bewellknown知名

asisknowntoall众所周知

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①ItisknowntousthatChinaismakinggreatprogressinthedevelopmentofeccnomy.

②TheWestLakeisknowntousallforitsbeauty.

完成句子

③Asisknowntoall/Asweallknow(众所周知),highschoollifeisanimportant

turningpointandhighschoolcampusisanimportantplacewherestudentsstudyand

live.

III.经典句式

9.ItisclearthatwearcgoingtoseeahugegrowthinshoppingontheInternet.

很明显,我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。

•【典型例句】

Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;nor

aretheyeverclearlytaughtit.

婴儿出生时可能并不知道宇宙的这•根本领实;他们也没有清楚地学习过。

•【句型公式】

(1)在“Itis+adj.+that从句(或动词不定式等)”结构中,it作形式主语代替后面that

引导的主语从句(或动词不定式等)。

(2)it代替从句作形式主语的常见句型有:

①Itis/was+ric//(clear,obvious,true,possible,necessary,natural,

important...)+that...

②Itis/was+n.(apity,ashame,nowonder...)-that...

③Itis/was+过去分词(said,reported,suggested,requested,

ordered...)+that...

@Itsecms/happened/appoars/occurrcd/doesn?tmatter/makcsnodiffercnce+that...

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

©Therefore,itisimportantthatweshou1dformgoodhabitswhenwestudy.

②Itisnaturalthatyounggirlsatyouragehopetolookbeautiful.

一句多译

③很显然,对某些人来说,孩子的出生会使他们失去自由。

It'sobviousthat,tosome,thebirthofababywillbeattheexpenseoftheir

freedom.

"Obviously,tosome,thebirthofababywi11beattheexpenseoftheirfreedom.

•【写作金句】

Itisclearthatbicycleridingcanbringusmanybenefits,suchasrelievingpressure

onthedowntowntransportation,makinglessnoiseandairpollutionandsoforth.

很明显,骑自行车会为我们带来很多益处,比方,缓解城区交通压力,降低噪音和空气污染

等。

【误区释疑】

在以上句型中,如果从句内容只是简单地陈述事实,谓语动词用陈述语气;如果从句内容并

不是陈述事实,而是表达其种强烈的情感(要求、建议、命令、责备、惋惜、吃惊等),谓语

动词用虚拟语气,即“(should+)do〃形式。

10.Someexpertsseeourfutureinvirtualreality-theuseofcomputerswithsounds

andpicturesthatmakeyoufeelasifyouareinarealsituation.

有些专家看到了虚拟现实口我们的未来一一计算机通过声音和图像使你感到你仿佛置身于一

个真实的情境中。

•【典型例句】

Thehouseseemedmuted,hushedasifithadbeendeserted.

房子里似乎悄然无声,安静得好似己经没人在住一样。

【句型公式】

(1)asif/though可以引导表语从句或方式状语从句。

(2)如果asif/though引导的从句表示实现的可能性很小或与事实相反,那么从句用虚拟语

气:

与现在的事实相反谓语动词使用过去式(be的过去式一律使用were)

与过去的事实相反谓语动词使用过去完成式

表示将来情况发生的可能性

谓语动词用“wou1d/coulc/migh1+动词原形"

(3)asif/though引导状语从句时,如果状语从句含有be动词,且其主语与主句主语一致,

那么可省略其中的主语和be动词。

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

®ItwasPeterwhobrokethevase.WhyareyoutalkingasifIhaddone(do)it?

②Thoughthelocalvillage'swerepoor,theyofferedtheirclothesandfoodasif

Iwere(be)theirownfamily.

句型转换

③Theboywalkedarouncthepkiygroundagainandagainasifhewaslookingfor

something.

-*Theboywalkedaroundtheplaygroundagainandagainasiflookingforsomething.

©Theyweretalkinginawhisperasiftheyweresayingsomethingsecret.

—Theyweretalkinginawhisperasifsayingsomethingsecret.

,【写作金句】

Theboycaughtcheatingyesterdayactedasifnothinghadhappened.

昨天被发现作弊的那个男孩表现得好似什么也没发生过。

【备选要点】

1.likelyadj.有可能的adv.(与most,very连用)可能

•【典型例句】

Ticketsarelikelytobeexpensive.入场券可能很贵。

•【词块必记】

(1)sb./sth.belikelytodosth.某人/某物可能做某事

(2)It'slikelythat......是可能的

(3)notlikely不可能

【易混辨析】

表示某事很可能发生,与probable意思相近,主语可以是人也可以是物。常用

likely

“Itislikelythat..."或"sb./sth.belikelytodosth."

可能性相对小,作表语时,主语不能是人。常用“Itispossibleforso.to

possible

dosth."或"Itispossiblethat...”

带有“很可能"的意味,语气比possible对,作表语时不能用人或不定式作

probcible

主语。常用“Itisprobablethat...

•【巧学助记】不一样的可能

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①Peoplewhoareaddictedtofastfoodaremorelikelytosuffer(suffer)fromvarious

1ife-threateningdiseases.

@Itislikelythatpersonalinformationcouldbeletoutandmoneystolen.

完成句子

③Peop1earelikelytoforgettheirowntraditionandculture(可能忘记他们自己的

传统和文化)iftheyfocustoomuchonforeignfestivals.

©Physicallyactivechildrenaremorelikelytobecomeactiveandhealthyadults.

(更有可能成长为积极健康的成年人)

一句多译

⑤如果继续吸烟,你的身体健康会受到损害。

Youarelikelytosufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.

=Itislikelythatyouwillsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.

•【写作金句】

Whenteensusesocialmedia,theyarelikelytohavetroubleconcentratingontheir

schooIwork.

当青少年使用社交媒体的时候,他们可能会难以集中注意力于学习。

2.rejectvt.拒绝,不接收

•【典型例句】

MostofmyclassmateswantedtogotoaparkwhileIhadanideaofgoingtoanicer

place.Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesnottorejectmyidea.Wedidhaveagood

timethatday.我的大多数同学想去公园,而我却想到了一个更好的地方。我设法说服同学

们接受我的想法。那天我们确实玩得很开心。

【易混辨析】

语气比refuse强,后面通常只接名词或代词,意为“摒弃,拒绝接受,不予

reject

考虑〃

是普通用词,语气比decline域,指态度坚决、肯定无疑地拒绝。可用名词、代

refuse

词或不定式作宾语

decline指婉言谢绝有关社交活动的邀请或请求等

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtoreject(reject)

someonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.

②Johnhadbeenrejected(reject)byanumberofuniversitieswhenhereceivedan

e-mailfromtheUniversityofCalifornialastmonth.

完成句子

ImadeitcleartohimthatIrejectedhisproposal.

我清楚地告诉他,我拒绝了他的建议。

•【写作金句】

Itisuptoyoutoacceptorrejecttheproposals.

接受或是拒绝这些建议由你决定。

3.fancyvt.(非正式)想要做;梦想n.梦想;喜好adj.花哨的

•【典型例句】

Shemakesmostofherownclothes,copyinganyfashionwhichtakesherfancy.

她大局部的衣服是模仿中意的时装自己做的。

・【词块必记】

(l)haveafancyfor/takeafancyto...喜欢...

havealivelyfancy有丰富的想象力

(2)fancydoingsth.想象做某事,竟然做某事

Ifancy...=1bet/guess...我想...

fancyoneself(as)sth.自以为,自命为...

(3)fancyclothes/diving/freshfruits/prices

新奇的服装/花式跳水/特级新鲜水果/高昂的价格

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①Surelyasawomanshehassimplytakenafancytotheplace.

②ShefanciesherselfasanotherMadonna.

句式转换

③Asmiddleschoolstudents,weoftenimaginestudyinginourfavoriteuniversities.

-*Asmiddleschoolstudents,weoftenfancystudyinginourfavorite

universities.

•【写作金句】

IwasinformedthatourschoolPing-pongTeamislookingfornewmembersamengus

students.Iknowyoushowgreatfancyinbal1games,especiallyping-pong.

我听说我们学校的乒乓球队正在从我们学生中招新队员。我知道你很喜欢球类运动,尤其是

乒乓球。

4.suggestionn.建议,提议

•【典型例句】

LearningyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,Isuggestyouapplyfor

PekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.鉴于你对中国文化的浓厚

兴趣,我建议你申请中国最好的大学之一北京大学。

•【词块必记】

(1)make/offer/giveasuggestion建议,提议

askforasuggestion征求建议

(2)suggestvt.建议;暗示;说明

suggestdoingsth.建议做某事

suggest(that)sb./sth.(should)dosth.建议...做....

【误区释疑】suggest表示“暗示,说明"时,其主语往往是事物,而不是人。这时suggest

后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewas(be)verysatisfiedwithwhatwchad

done.

②Hesuggesteddealing(deal)withtheprobleminanotherway.

一句多译

他建议我们步行去那里。

③Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.

④Hemadeasuggestionthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.

•【写作金句】

Isuggestyouaskhimsomespecificquestionsabouthispast.

我建议你问问他有关他的过去的一些具体问题。

5.averageadj.平均的,普通的,平常的n.平均数,一般水平,中等

•【典型例句】

Onaverage,eachstudentreads5.34books,whichisdefinitelynotadequate.

平均来说,每个学生读5.34本书,这肯定是不够的。

【词块必记】

on(the)average平均而言;一般来说

above/bclow(the)average高于/低于平均水平

anaverageof...平均数为....

uptotheaverage到达一般水平

•【语境速测】单句语法填空

①Onaverageeachreportrequires1,000hourstoprepare.

②Ittakesanaverageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted.

语段填空

③Theaverageworkinghcursformostteachersareover10hoursadayinmostareas.

Onaverage,theirsalaryisabovetheaverage.Mostofthemhaveanaverageof5,

000yuanamonth.

很多地区的大多数老师平均每天的工作时间超过了10个小时。一般来说,他们的收入高于平

均水平。他们中的大多数平均每月有5000元。

I.单句语法填空

1.(2021,全国I卷)Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,research

shows,whilemostlikely(like)contributingtofewerinjuries.

2.(2021,全国I卷)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleaves

toshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful(harm)

chemicalsingroundwater.

3.(2021,全国【卷)It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractive

(attract)activity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercise

scienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

4.(2021•全国HI卷)0fficial(office)reportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholds

withthreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,()0()

in2021.

5.(2021,全国HI卷)AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessierto

historicToledo,RomanMeiidcictndintoAndaluuia,weexplorehislogical(hitlory)

monumentsandarchitecture.

H.语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)

短文中黑体局部为本单元核心知识点,请按要求补全短文,并背诵体会黑体局部用法。

Oneday,Tom1.got(get)intouchwithoneofhisgoodfriendsLinda.She2.is

known(know)asawriterand3.hassettled(settle)inthesuburbs.Nowadays,sheis

focusingherattentionon4.writing(write)anewnovelaboutcyberspace,which

consists5.ofsixsections.TomtoldLindathathewou1dtake6.overhisfatherrs

companysoon.What'smere,hewouldtakeimmediateaction7.torealize(realize)

hisdream.8.ItisclearthatheisgoingtomakethebusinessbiggerandStrenger.

Hisfathertoldhimifhekeptthebusiness9.running(run)smoothly,hewould

travelabroadasifhisgrandfatherhaddoneso.IntheviewofLinda,Tomshould

hang1().onuntilhesucceeds.

in.短文改错

(2021•全国I卷)

TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswith

eggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.

FirstIcutthetomatoesintopiecesbutputthemaside.NextIbroketheeggsinto

abowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanand

turnedoffthestove.Iwaitedpatientlyunlesstheoilwashot.ThenIputthetoiratocs

andthebeateneggsintopantogether."Notthatway,"mymomtriedtostopus

butfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn'tturnoutasIhadwished.

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了我第一次做西红柿炒鸡蛋的经历。

答案:

1.【解析】第一句I:simplyfsimple”修饰名词要用形容词"

2.【解析】第二句:frying—fried。tomatoeswitheggs与fry存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故

用过去分词作定语。

3.【解析】第二句:去掉must后的lo。must,是情态动词,后须跟动词原形。

4.【解析】第三句:preparing—prepare。howtodoslh.如何做某事。

5.【解析】第四句:but-and。句意:首先我把西红柿切成片并把它们放在一边。cut与

pul是并列关系。

6.【解析】第五句:cho;)stick-*chopstickSo根据常识,中国人用筷子时,一般用一双,

故chopstick要改成复数。

7.【解析】第六句:off-*onoturnon翻开。turnoff关闭。把油倒进锅里后,应该是翻

开炉子。

8.【解析】第七句:unless-until/till。unless意为"除非";until或till意为“直

到……为止”。句怠:我耐心地等到油热为止。

9.【解析】第八句:pan前加the。此处指把打好的鸡蛋倒进锅里面。因上文提到了pan,所

以此处为特指,指代上文提到的pan。

10.【解析】第九句:us-me。根据上文可知,作者在尝试做西红柿炒鸡蛋,所以说妈妈想

阻止“我〃,而不是“我们”。

核心素养培养学生的科技素养、科学思想,培养学生客观、求真、合作、竞争等科学精神

及创新能力

高考链接2021•全国I卷阅读理解D;2021•全国I卷语法填空;2021•全国卷I阅读理解

C;2021•全国卷H阅读理解D;2021•全国卷III阅读理解I);2021•全国卷IH完形填空

I.话题与阅读理解

(2021•全国I卷阅读理解D)

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.RecentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffectsAstudyconductedinYoungstown,

Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.

Inanother,employees'.vereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenita

stepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperform

diverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedonto

theirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantsto

replacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,

aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusing

somecommonvegetables.Strano,steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlight

forthree-and-ci-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneeded

toreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeused

tolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcan

besprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwou1dlasttheplantts

lifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch"wherethe

glowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsfcrabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource:电源)一suchasthedistancefrom

apowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostcuring

transmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsave

energy.

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家运用高科技改造绿色植物从而到达节

能减排的科学探索。

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariojsworkplaces.

I).Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【解析】选I)。段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“例如,在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究

发现,城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究口发现,员工的工作场所被室内植物

装饰后,他们的工作效率会提高15机〃可知,本段主要介绍绿色植物的益处。应选D。

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants'lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethe1ifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句”其中包括在叶子上印上传感器以显示植物的

缺水情况,还可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。”可知选A。

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

【解析】选C。推埋判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“发光的植物可以缩短这个距离,从而帮

助节约能源。”可知这种发光的植物在将来可能会有助于节约能源。

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

I).Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【解析】选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科研团队的一项研究:利用特殊

的装置让植物发光来照亮房间或把树变成会发光的路灯,以此来节约和利用能源。故“发光

的植物能代替灯吗?"为最正确标题。

【难句剖析】

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbe

sprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant,slifetime.

分析:本句主干为theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology,其中第一个

that引导定语从句,修饰先行词technology,在从句中作主语;第二个that引导定语从句,

修饰先行词treatmento

翻译:未来,该团队希望能开发出一种可以一次性喷洒到植物叶子上就能延长植物寿命的技

术。

【微技能*拨】归纳整合仝解主旨大意题

主题句定位法:

1.主题句在篇头:依据第一段或第一句确定主旨。

2.主题句在篇中:文章往往先列举次要甚至错误观点,然后点明臼己的观点并展开论述。

3.主题句在篇尾:整篇文章大局部在表达或列举,最后归纳总结,概括主旨。

本文中第1题为归纳段落大意题,根据策略解题如下:

Step1确定题干关键词:

依据第一段的第一句、第二句即

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