（第三版）新视野大学英语读写教程1(江西科技师范大学)中国大学mooc慕课答案

Unit1FreshstartReadingComprehension1、Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.“Whileweteach,welearn,”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They’redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho’relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids.Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings(兄弟姐妹).ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(动画的)figurecalledBetty’sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors’learning.Theagents’questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it’stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse’saccomplishment.1.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?A.Seneca’sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.B.Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.C.Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.D.Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.A:Seneca’sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.

B:Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.

C:Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.

D:Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.

答案:Seneca’sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.

2、2.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty’sBrain?A:Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.

B:Itisacharacterinapopularanimation.

C:Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.

D:Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.

答案:Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.3、3.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?A:Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.

B:Itmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.

C:Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.

D:Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.

答案:Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.4、4.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?A:Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.

B:Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.

C:Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.

D:Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.

答案:Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.5、5.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors’learning?A:Theiremotionalinvolvement.

B:Theirsenseofresponsibility.

C:Thelearningstrategyacquired.

D:Theteachingexperiencegained.

答案:Theiremotionalinvolvement.Unit1FreshstartTranslation1、请将下面这段话翻译成英文：重阳节重阳节，由于它是在中国农历九月初九这一天，所以又被称为重九节，至今有约两千年的历史。在中国古代，重阳节是一个重要的节日，这一天要举行各种庆祝活动，如:登高、赏菊（chrysanthemum)、插茱萸（cornel)、吃重阳糕等。登髙是重阳节的主要习俗。古人认为，在这一天登高可以避祸免灾。近年来，这个古老的节日被赋予新的含义，逐渐成为开展各种敬老活动、一年一度的“老年节”。

答案:ChongyangFestivalChongyangFestival，fallsontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,becauseofwhich，itisalsonamedastheDouble-ninthFestival,whichhasahistoryofsome2,000years.AsanimportantfestivalinancientChina,ChongyangFestivalwascelebratedbyholdingvariousactivities,suchasclimbingmountains,appreciatingchrysanthemums,wearingcornelandeatingChongyangcakes.ClimbingmountainsisamajorcustominChongyangFestival.Ancientpeoplethoughtclimbingmountainsonthisdaycouldhelpthemavoidmisfortuneandpreventdisasters.Inrecentyears,anewmeaninghasbeengiventotheoldfestival，anditgraduallybecomesanannualSeniors’Day,onwhichvariousactivitiesareheldinhonorofseniorpeople.

分析：参考翻译:ChongyangFestivalChongyangFestival，fallsontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,becauseofwhich，itisalsonamedastheDouble-ninthFestival,whichhasahistoryofsome2,000years.AsanimportantfestivalinancientChina,ChongyangFestivalwascelebratedbyholdingvariousactivities,suchasclimbingmountains,appreciatingchrysanthemums,wearingcornelandeatingChongyangcakes.ClimbingmountainsisamajorcustominChongyangFestival.Ancientpeoplethoughtclimbingmountainsonthisdaycouldhelpthemavoidmisfortuneandpreventdisasters.Inrecentyears,anewmeaninghasbeengiventotheoldfestival，anditgraduallybecomesanannualSeniors’Day,onwhichvariousactivitiesareheldinhonorofseniorpeople.Unit1FreshstartReadingComprehension11、Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽取）.TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水层）belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepisthegradualsettingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightoftheearthabove.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating（脱盐）theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.1HowcouldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosomeresearchers?A:Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.

B:Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

C:Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.

D:Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.

答案:Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.2、Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeepaquifers?A:Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.

B:Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.

C:Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.

D:Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.

答案:Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.3、Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground?A:Thesinkingoflandsurface.

B:Theharmtotheecosystem.

C:Thedamagetoaquifers.

D:Thechangeoftheclimate.

答案:Thesinkingoflandsurface.4、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?A:Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.

B:Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.

C:Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.

D:Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

答案:Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.5、Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswatersources?A:People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.

B:People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.

C:Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

D:Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.

答案:Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.Unit2Lovingparents,lovingchildrenReadingComprehension1、Anewbatchofyoungwomen—membersoftheso-calledMillennial(千禧的)generation—hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen—orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit’seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey’renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennials(ages18-32),conductedOct.7-27,2013.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaman’sworld—justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.1.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?A:Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.

B:Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.

C:TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.

D:Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.

答案:Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.2、HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?A:Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.

B:Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.

C:Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.

D:Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.

答案:Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.3、WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?A:Asenseofaccomplishment.

B:Jobstabilityandflexibility.

C:Rewardsandpromotions.

D:Joyderivedfromwork.

答案:Jobstabilityandflexibility.4、Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?A:Thewelfareoftheirchildren.

B:Thenarrowingofthegendergap.

C:Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.

D:Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.

答案:Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.5、WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?A:Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.

B:Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.

C:Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.

D:Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.

答案:Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.Unit3Digitalcampusreadingcomprehension1、PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Livinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpactonpeople’smentalwell-being,astudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfoundmovingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect,unlikepayrisesorpromotions,whichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathewWhite,fromtheUniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingingreenerurbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety.“Therecouldbeanumberofreasons,”hesaid,“forexample,peopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,ortheygetmarried.Butthetroublewiththosethingsisthatwithinsixmonthstoayear,peoplearebacktotheiroriginalbaselinelevelsofwell-being.So,thesethingsarenotsustainable;theydon’tmakeushappyinthelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelottery(彩票)winnerswhohadwonmorethan￡500,000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelythere,butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline.”Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople’ssense