南平市中医院超声医学英语考核

南平市中医院超声医学英语考核一、选择题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribestheultrasoundtechniqueusedtoevaluatebloodflowvelocityanddirection?A.B-modeimagingB.DopplerflowimagingC.ColorflowmappingD.PowerDopplerimaging(正确答案：B)2.Inultrasoundterminology,whatdoes"hypoechoic"referto?A.HighlyreflectivetissueB.FaintlyreflectivetissueC.AbsorptivetissueD.Isoechoictissue(正确答案：B)3.Whichoftheseultrasoundmodalitiesismostcommonlyusedforevaluatingfetalanatomyduringpregnancy?A.Contrast-enhancedultrasoundB.3DultrasoundC.DopplerechocardiographyD.ColorDopplerimaging(正确答案：B)4.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusingacontrastagentinultrasoundimaging?A.ToimproveimageresolutionB.ToenhancebloodflowvisualizationC.ToreduceartifactsD.Toincreasepenetrationdepth(正确答案：B)5.Theterm"acousticshadowing"inultrasoundrefersto:A.EnhancedreflectionofsoundwavesB.AbsorptionofsoundwavesbydensestructuresC.AmplificationofultrasoundsignalsD.Reductionofimageclarityduetotissueheterogeneity(正确答案：B)6.Whichofthefollowingisacommonultrasound-guidedinterventiontechnique?A.EndoscopicultrasoundB.BiopsyunderultrasoundguidanceC.MRI-guidedultrasoundD.CT-guidedultrasound(正确答案：B)7.Whatdoestheterm"grayscalescale"meaninultrasoundimaging?A.TherangeofcolorsusedintheimageB.TheintensityofreflectedsoundwavesC.ThenumberofpixelsintheimageD.Theresolutionoftheultrasoundsystem(正确答案：B)8.Whichultrasoundtechniqueisprimarilyusedtoassessliverfibrosis?A.ShearwaveelastographyB.PowerDopplerimagingC.HarmonicimagingD.Strainelastography(正确答案：A)9.Theterm"B-lineartifacts"inultrasoundrefersto:A.Multipleechoesfromfluid-filledstructuresB.EnhancedtissuecontrastC.ReducedimageresolutionD.Artifactscausedbyimproperprobeplacement(正确答案：A)10.Whichofthefollowingisalimitationofultrasoundimaginginobesepatients?A.ReducedimageresolutionB.IncreasedriskofartifactsC.HigherradiationexposureD.Difficultyinvisualizingdeepstructures(正确答案：B)二、填空题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.Theprocessofconvertingultrasoundwavesintovisualimagesiscalled_________.(答案：Dopplerimaging)2.Thetermusedtodescribetissuethatreflectsultrasoundwavesmorestronglythansurroundingstructuresis_________.(答案：Hyperechoic)3.Theultrasoundtechniquethatmeasuresthestiffnessoftissuesiscalled_________.(答案：Elastography)4.Thephenomenonwhereultrasoundwavesareblockedbydensestructuresisknownas_________.(答案：Acousticshadowing)5.Theterm"anisotropy"inultrasoundreferstothevariationintissuereflectivitydueto_________.(答案：Orientation)6.Theultrasoundmodalitythatusescolortorepresentbloodflowdirectionandvelocityis_________.(答案：ColorDopplerimaging)7.Theterm"artifacts"referstounintendedechoescausedby_________.(答案：Improperprobeplacementortissueproperties)8.Theultrasoundtechniquethatprovidesthree-dimensionalimagesoffetalstructuresiscalled_________.(答案：3Dultrasound)9.Theterm"isoechoic"describestissuewith_________reflectivitycomparedtosurroundingstructures.(答案：Similar)10.Theprocessofoptimizingultrasoundimagequalitybyadjustinggainandfilteringiscalled_________.(答案：Imageoptimization)三、简答题（共5题，每题4分，计20分）1.Whatarethemainadvantagesofultrasoundimagingoverotherdiagnosticmodalities?(答案：Ultrasoundisnon-invasive,cost-effective,real-time,portable,andavoidsradiationexposure.Itisparticularlyusefulforevaluatingsofttissuesanddynamicprocesses.)2.ExplaintheprincipleofDopplerultrasoundinsimpleterms.(答案：Dopplerultrasoundmeasuresthechangeinfrequencyofultrasoundwavesreflectedfrommovingbloodcells,allowingassessmentofbloodflowvelocityanddirection.)3.Whatarethecommontypesofultrasoundartifacts,andhowcantheybeminimized?(答案：Commonartifactsincludeshadowing(duetodensestructures),reverberation(fromsmoothsurfaces),andcomettailartifacts(fromcysticstructures).Minimizationtechniquesincludeproperprobealignment,useofpulsedwavemode,andadjustinggainsettings.)4.Describetheroleofcontrast-enhancedultrasoundinclinicalpractice.(答案：Contrast-enhancedultrasoundimprovesvisualizationofbloodvessels,liverlesions,andtissueperfusion.Itisparticularlyusefulindiagnosingliverfibrosis,tumors,andassessingvascularabnormalities.)5.Whyisultrasoundimagingpreferredforemergencycaseslikeabdominalpain?(答案：Ultrasoundispreferredforemergencycasesduetoitsrapidavailability,real-timeimagingcapability,lackofradiation,andabilitytoquicklyidentifyfreefluid,organenlargement,orvascularabnormalities.)四、论述题（共2题，每题10分，计20分）1.Discusstheclinicalapplicationsofelastographyinultrasoundimaging.(答案：Elastographyiswidelyusedinevaluatingliverfibrosis(stiffnessassessment),breastlesions(differentiatingbenignfrommalignant),andmusculoskeletalconditions(tendonitisormuscletears).ItprovidesfunctionalinformationbeyondconventionalB-modeimaging,aidinginearlydiseasedetectionandtreatmentmonitoring.)2.Explaintheimportanceofpatientpreparationinultrasoundexaminations,withspecificexamplesforabdominalandobstetricultrasound.(答案：Patientpreparationiscrucialforaccurateultrasoundresults.Forabdominalultrasound,fastingfor8–12hoursensuresclearvisualizationofthegallbladderandliver.Forobstetricultrasound,afullbladderisrequiredtoimprovepelvicorganvisualization.Properpreparationreducesartifactsandensuresdiagnosticaccuracy.)五、翻译题（共5题，每题4分，计20分）1.TranslatethefollowingultrasoundtermintoEnglish:“多普勒频移”(答案：Dopplerfrequencyshift)2.TranslatethefollowingultrasoundtermintoEnglish:“超声造影剂”(答案：Ultrasoundcontrastagent)3.TranslatethefollowingultrasoundtermintoEnglish:“声束倾斜伪影”(答案：Beamtiltingartifacts)4.TranslatethefollowingultrasoundtermintoEnglish:“组织谐波成像”(答案：Tissueharmonicimaging)5.TranslatethefollowingultrasoundtermintoEnglish:“超声引导穿刺活检”(答案：Ultrasound-guidedbiopsy)答案与解析一、选择题答案与解析1.B–Dopplerflowimagingisthecorrecttermforassessingbloodflowvelocityanddirection.2.B–Hypoechoicdescribestissuewithfaintultrasoundreflection.3.B–3Dultrasoundismostcommonlyusedfordetailedfetalanatomyvisualization.4.B–Contrastagentsenhancebloodflowvisibility.5.B–Acousticshadowingoccurswhensoundwavesareblockedbydensestructures.6.B–Ultrasound-guidedbiopsyisafrequentinterventiontechnique.7.B–Grayscalescalerepresentsultrasoundwaveintensity.8.A–Shearwaveelastographyassessesliverfibrosis.9.A–B-lineartifactsaremultipleechoesfromfluid-filledstructures.10.B–Obesityincreasesartifactsduetotissueheterogeneity.二、填空题答案与解析1.Dopplerimaging–Convertsultrasoundwavesintoimages.2.Hyperechoic–Tissuewithstrongultrasoundreflection.3.Elastography–Measurestissuestiffness.4.Acousticshadowing–Blockingofultrasoundwavesbydensestructures.5.Orientation–Anisotropyvariesreflectivitywithtissueangle.6.ColorDopplerimaging–Usescolortorepresentbloodflow.7.Artifacts–Unintendedechoesfromimproperplacementortissueproperties.8.3Dultrasound–Providesthree-dimensionalfetalimages.9.Similar–Isoechoictissuehascomparablereflectivity.10.Imageoptimization–Adjustinggainandfilteringtoimproveclarity.三、简答题答案与解析1.Advantagesofultrasound:Non-invasive,cost-effective,real-time,portable,andavoidsradiation.2.Dopplerprinciple:Measuresfrequencychangesinreflectedwavestoassessbloodflowvelocityanddirection.3.Artifactsandminimization:Shadowing(densestructures),reverberation(smoothsurfaces),comettail(cysts).Minimizationinvolvesproperprobealignment,pulsedwavemode,andgainadjustment.4.Contrast-enhancedultrasound:Improvesbloodvesselandtissueperfusio