专题03 阅读理解-说明文（知识清单）（原卷版）-2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单

专题03阅读理解---说明文01知识脑图·学科框架速建02考点精析·知识能力全解【知能解读01】五年高考说明文考情统计【知能解读02】五年高考说明文考情解读【知能解读03】阅读理解说明文高频题型【知能解读04】阅读理解说明文选项特点【知能解读05】阅读理解说明文解题思路【知能解读06】阅读理解说明文备考建议03攻坚指南·高频考点突破重难【重难点突破01】态度推断题【重难点突破02】段落大意题04避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗【易混易错01】写作手法题【易混易错02】预测下段题【易混易错03】标题概括题05通法提炼·高频思维拆解【方法技巧01】阅读理解说明文答题误区【方法技巧02】阅读理解说明文误区应对【方法技巧03】阅读理解说明文满分策略五年高考说明文考情统计五年高考说明文考情统计五年高考说明文考情解读阅读理解说明文高频题型考点精析阅读理解说明文选项特点阅读理解说明文解题思路阅读理解说明文备考建议攻坚指南阅读理解说明文答题误区文满分策略阅读理解说明文主旨22211121引导公民科学记录生物多样性31介绍巴比伦微农场(BMF)优势211112211医疗列车巡回服务于俄中东部22121印刷书籍和阅读对人类的意义112呼吁保护城市中的野生自然性13书评-倡导读者花时间去多读书2222烹饪节目鼓励尝试烹饪新习惯22科廷为解决食物浪费而的努力31减少孤独改善老人健康的项目13饮食的改变导致产生新的语言211发行鸭票促进水禽栖息地保护111142212131噪音与创造性思维关系的研究31高考英语阅读理解科普类文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。例如，2024年新高考I卷D篇来自于斯坦福大学网站的推文，文中提到生物多样性观测数据(observationaldata)存在不准确的问题。2023年新高考全国I卷D篇选自美国全国公共广播电台NPR官网，文章介绍了“群体智慧(wisdomofcrowds)”效应。科普说明文结构清晰，逻辑性强。根据说明对象的不同，可分为事物说明文和事理说明文。事物说明文的说明对象较为具体，主要通过描述事物的特质、功能来介绍事物；事理说明文的说明对象比较抽象，侧重于解释概念或现象的原理和影响，事理说明文难度较大，通常出现在阅读C、D篇。研究发现类产品特征、优二研发背景(同类一项研究、调查结论；一个科学理论(theory)一个科学实验结果；一个科学重大发现重申现象/意义影响/未来发展用介绍事物/现象程介绍一项新的科技产品事物现象类分析成因解决方案从命题来看，科普文阅读理解考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力及细节信息的提取和理解能力，题型包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，其中细节理解题和推理判断题占比最高。①分析语篇图式，使文章信息结构化科普文语篇结构清晰，常见结构有总分式、递进式、并列式和连贯式。高考常见的是总分式和递进式。总分式又分为三种：总分、总分总、分总。总分指的是先总体概括，再具体分述。若加上总结性语言，即动物可以通过很多方式表达它们的需求，然后具体分述了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带礼物来表达不同的情绪需求。语篇结构图使文本信息更直观，从命题视角预测考查点包含概括信息和详述内容。递进式往往见于事理说明文，通常表现为由表及里、由现象到本质、由原因到结果的逻辑推进。如2024年浙江卷1月C篇探讨了艾伯塔省的冰雹抑制项目番云所引发的担忧。文章从农民、项目管理人、科试卷第4页，共29页学家的不同视角分别陈述观点，提出解决方法并展望前景。根据语篇结构图，核心信息及预测命题分布点并列式结构中的各部分内容没有主次之分，是平行结构，常见于按一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而“张冠李戴”是命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，或者把文中不同地方的信息拼接在“偷梁换柱”类型是用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了“无中生有”类型往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，貌似非常正确，但在原文中并无相关的“以偏概全”则是以局部代替整体，进行不合理关联或者不准确的概括。在下文的例子中，同学们可知能解读03阅读理解说明文高频题型态度推断题态度推断题段落大意题预测下段题标题概括题细节理解题阅读理解说明文试卷第5页，共29页试卷第6页，共29页同义替换与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达信息归纳正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了原文原词张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容曲解文意正误参半通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字历年高考命题有许多相似和相通之处，在高三的复习中回顾和研究高考真题是非常必要的，对备考有试卷第7页，共29页很好的指导作用。如，2024年高考新课标I卷第33题：WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?与2023年新课标I卷第34题：Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?都考查了语篇研究的重点，2024年高考新课标I卷第35题：WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出，学生需掌握约4500个词汇及习惯用语、固定搭配。词汇是阅读基础，需重视新课标词汇，尤其是选择性必修教材中的词汇。历年高考阅读常出现大词汇量、注重词汇深度与广度至关重要。应引导学生在主题语境中积累专业生义的联系，解开熟词生义的难题，并通过构句子也是阅读的基础，若无法准确把握各种句子的意义，便难以完成深度阅读，句式结构，如定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句等是语篇的黏合剂。因此，在教学中，应注重基本句型结获取和处理信息，理解文本逻辑关系是一项基本的阅读技能。科技说明速定位、筛选和整合信息，以便准确理解文章主旨和细节。在巩固学生语言基础后，此外，科技说明文常含新发现与传统对比，要求学生具备明辨和批判性思维能力性和合理性，形成独立见解。英语教学应注重英语思维培养，尤其是批判性思维和创新能力，鼓励学生关注科技问题，去质疑、探究，并提出观点和建科技说明文阅读的难点在于其话题涉及专业概念，所以增加科学知识储备对阅解、案例分析中，应注重跨学科融合，将英语教学与物理、化学、生物等学科知识相技说明文中科技概念、原理和应用的理解，扩大阅读量和知识面，建立扎实的科技知识基础，让学生在不同学科背景下学习和使用英语。同时，科技说明文与社会发展和生活实际紧密相连。在教学过程中，教师应提供丰富的英文原版科技说明文阅读材料，鼓励学生关注科技前沿动态；设计与关的情境模拟活动，提升阅读兴趣和语言运用能力；鼓励学生参与实际项目，如社区服务、社会实践，以科技说明文常涉及国家科技最新成果和前沿动态。高考英语命题通过精选科技关注新兴技术、社会趋势等，激发他们的探索精神和创新意识，增强民族自养和综合素质。在阅读过程中，教师应凸显教学情感价值，发挥英语课程思政功能，通过多角度选择阅读素材，运用阅读、讨论、实践等多维度方式，引导学生探讨科技语篇背后的文化内涵、价值观念和民族智慧，感受中国科技发展的独特魅力和文化底蕴，培养中国情怀和社会责任感。35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowa乐观支持类的；approving赞成的；appreciative感激的objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的消极反对类ambiguous模棱两可的；unclear不清楚的第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一(些)段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully,successfully,unfortunately,doubtfully等。跟踪训练1(2024全国甲卷阅读跟踪训练1(2024全国甲卷阅读C篇片段)thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,Doctorsseeupto150patientseverydampressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstilveryconcerned,”saysDucke."Theywerethebeswant.”A.Appreciative.B.DoubtfulC.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.试卷第8页，共29页membersactuallydidintheirdiscusstheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,buresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedartheseargumentsandreasoninglimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgrou35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.重难点突破02段落大意题34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?(2025全国二卷)26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?(2024新课标I卷)2.思维导图→段落中心→再论述段落开头列举具体事例，通过事例得出结论，这个结论就是段落主题句，后面的内容只是继续或拓展该结论段落虽无主题句，但可通过一些关键词或相似结构归纳出段落主题句段落开头是举例子或层层推进的论述，段尾才是段落主题句抓住段落主题句总分式(总分1总分总)段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是例子或论证分总分式分总式3.解题策略第一步：结合题干定位到相应段落。第二步：寻找段落主题句。解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。第三步：留意段落大意题干扰项四大特点：①过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围②以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容③移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上④主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。试卷第9页，共29页第四步：确定段落关键词。段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关跟踪训练1(2025全国二卷跟踪训练1(2025全国二卷D篇片段)ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'theingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcolre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.A.Whytheingredientswereused.B.WhichdisheswerebestlikeC.Whatthedishesweremadeof.跟踪训练(2024新课标I卷B跟踪训练(2024新课标I卷B篇片段)A.StepsofachiropractictreatmB.Thecomplexityofveterinarians'work.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticm易混易错01写作手法题32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?(2025全国一卷)试卷第10页，共29页试卷第11页，共29页①根据文章题材来判断。记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。标志词通过举例通过分析原因遵循时间顺序通过对比通过分析因果遵循空间顺序由近及远，由外到内跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷D篇片段)MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhaseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolA.Byquotinganexpert.C.Bygivingexamples.跟踪训练2(2024九省联考D跟踪训练2(2024九省联考D篇片段)Beginbyhelpingyourchildhowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Mavbehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).better.”).试卷第12页，共29页34.WhatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementA.Givingexamples.B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence.D.Makingcompari31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?(2023全国乙卷)跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷B跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷B篇片段)hasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)youngpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisretelevisionscheduling.CookeryshowsanddoincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it'snoA.TheartofcookinginothercountC.TablemannersintheUK.D.跟踪训练2(2025全国二卷B跟踪训练2(2025全国二卷B篇片段)Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemused.Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbgasareburnedtoproduceelectricit关键词法——多次出现的词语关键词法——多次出现的词语或观点是体现主旨的关键词主题句法——依主题句定中心词穿珠连串法——从文章细节中找共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，断定标题逆向思维法——考虑四个选项的可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳标题概括精准统领全文概括范围窄，只含某个细节概括范围宽，超出文章内容包含文中未提及的信息融合标题3大特点排除3种干扰项技巧标题归纳题试卷第14页，共29页③排除干扰法。研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新跟踪训练1(2025全国二卷C跟踪训练1(2025全国二卷C篇)oppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippisentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedti"Plantsareinfashionrightnow,"saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.plants,"saysKnuth."Thisproductwasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou'reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don'tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn'tmakeit."Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoexerciseinpatienceandlearning.A.TimetoReplaceHouseplantsB.PlaC.TipsonChoosingHouseplantsD.PlantsBrightenYo跟踪训练2(2024全国甲卷B跟踪训练2(2024全国甲卷B篇)creatureswhopossessamasoonasababycatisbCatshavemanyheightenedsenses,btheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.TheywillsnifDogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinrandomobjectsoutsideandbringpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebegA.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.C.HaveFunwithYourCat考生容易因没有细心看选项和原文的细微差别，而做出错误判断。在判断选项时，忽略一些起限定作用的词语，如“大约”“可能”“所有”等，导致对原文信息的错误理解。在2024年新高考I卷D篇中，关于生物多样性记录的研究，选项中若对研究结果的范围、程度等表述与原文有细微差异，考生可能难以察觉，从而误选。部分考生不能准确把握文章的核心主旨，容易受到文中细节的干扰，以偏概全。如2024年新高考Ⅱ卷C篇介绍巴比伦微农场(BMF),若考生只关注到其某一个优势，如减少运输排放，而忽略其他关键信息，就可能误判文章主旨。3.推理判断过度推理判断题中，考生可能会出现推理过度的情况，加入自己的主观想法，超出文章所给信息的范围；或者推理不足，未能充分挖掘文章的隐含信息。比如2023年新高考Ⅱ卷中关于保护城市野生自然的文章，在推断相关措施的影响时，考生可能过度推断其效果，或者没有从文章细节中推断出合理的结论。4.答题方法不当部分考生为节约时间，先看题再在文中找答案，这种方式可能导致答题片面不完整，因为对文章缺乏整体把握。还有的考生答题跟着感觉走，依据答案字数多少、是否能在原文找到词语等不科学的标准来判断答案。采用原文定位法，根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关句子，仔细比对选项与原文的差异，尤其关注那些容易改变语义的关键词。在2024年全国一卷关于交通方式碳排放及绿色燃料的文章中，对试卷第15页，共29页试卷第16页，共29页通读全文，明确文章的说明对象、结构和逻辑顺序，从整体上把握文章主旨。头、结尾以及每段的关键句来提炼主旨。如2024年全国二卷介绍英国市场小镇的文章，需综合各小镇的特依据文章提供的信息进行推理，既不主观臆断，也不浅尝辄止。注意文章的多角度思考问题。以2024年新课标Ⅱ卷关于人工智能书籍的文章为例，在推断作者观点或书籍意图时，要先快速浏览文章，了解大意和结构，再阅读题干，带着问题有针对性地阅读文章，最后结合文章内容方法技巧03阅读理解说明文满分策略(从句)(非谓语)(介词短语)(名词短语)。Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Refplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalTheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofpaareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.modularly(模块化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserDutchplantsmananddesignerPietplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandfo试卷第17页，共29页Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheadIttakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconcthesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpThebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdrgarden'secologycagardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotradireducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.A.Runningoutof.C.Puttingupwith.D.Taki29.Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?A.Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens.B.TobC.Toconservesoilandwaterresources.D.Todeveloplow-A.Traditional.B.Odd-looking.C.TastefulD.Well-pro31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?(标题概括题)A.ThefutureofgardeningiC.MatrixgardensneedmoreCARED.Oldg02(2024浙江1月卷)02(2024浙江1月卷)collectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect."Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletmobileapplication,"saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthesStanfordSchoolofHfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsincewearearerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplanthowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexTheirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservatioMoreover,thesedataarebiapeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesaencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesed试卷第18页，共29页Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,"Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoifobservationaldata,biodiveuploadedimage.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.A.Threatenedspecies.C.Observationaldata.34.WhathasledtothebiasesaccordinA.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling.D.A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.03(2023新课标03(2023新课标I卷)tobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.cases,theaverageofalargenumberofpeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Tkeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdivideddiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobsignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey试卷第19页，共29页A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullA.Thesizeofthegroups.C.Thediscussionprocess.A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.04(2023全国乙卷)04(2023全国乙卷)Whatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkomeatandtwovegetables.ButisBriandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerIt'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthanameat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslchangewhatpeoplethinkabohasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)youngpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it'snolonger“uncool”forboystol28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?C.Itlacksauthentictastes.A.Authoritative.B.Creative.C.Profitable.30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.试卷第20页，共29页D.Studiesofbigeaters.BeringSeasnowcrabs(蟹)arewellsuitedforArctic(北极的)conditions.Butthesischangingtomoresubarcticconditionsthroughaprocesscalledborealization(北方化),accordingtoareportreleasedbytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdmwhilespeciestypicallyfoundinwarmerregionsmayspreadinto"LikeanArcticecosystemonlandarouLitozov,theleadauthorofthereport,sfacestarvation,andaspecialbarrier—acoldpoolofwaterintheBethatalloweddifferentspeciesofgroundfishtomthatacombinationofthesefactorscausedthecrashofwhenthespeciesdecreasedbymorethan90%.Thepopulationstillhasn'trecovereAfterthelasttwoback-to-backyearswithoutacommercialfishepartofaone-offeventandecosystem-widechangesareexpectedtoconti1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutborA.ItisuniquetotheBeringSea.C.ItcancausebiodiversityA.ToshowthepaceofArcticwarming.B.ToexplaintheimpactC.Toillustratethevalueoftheecosystem.D.TodiscussfeaturA.Thefoodshortage.C.Thethreatfromfish.A.ClimateChangeHitsArcticWildlif试卷第21页，共29页Doyouknowwhichletterstudyhowourbrainsrespondtotrivia(琐事)questionslikethese,becausetheywantedtoseewhathappensinourTodothis,theyranabrainimagingstudythatalloTheyfoundthatforquestionsaboutwhichparticipantshadreportedhighcuriosity,partsofthebrtypicallyassociatedwithrewardlitup.Theseareasusuallylightupwhrewardingisabouttohappen.Imaginehowyoufeeljustbeforewatchingaconcertoramovieyou'veNextcametheReveal.Whenparticipantsfinallygottheanswerstothequethataretypicallyassociatedwithmemoryamorestronglyactivatedwhentheinitialguesswasincorrectanswer),andoncewereceivethereward(thecorrectanswerthatwelearnthecorrectanswer.ThislearningisstrongerifwehaveinitiallyfaAndsuchlearningfromfailureparticipantscouldrememberthecorrethatfailurecanmakeuscuriouA.Itsresponsetocuriosity.B.ItsstaC.Itsfunctiondevelopment.D.ItsdevelopA.theimaginationgoeswildB.peopleengageC.anticipationlevelsincreaseD.peoplewitness3.AccordingtotheRevealpart,whatmaymakeourbrainsmoreeagertolearn?A.Incorrectchoices.C.Anactiveatmosphere.D.Conf4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?(标题概括题)A.TheArtfromTriviaQuestionsB.Must-HaveAbilitiesofSuccessfulPeopleC.UnsolvedMysteriesintheWorldD.Thmentalhealth.SigmaThetaAlpha(STA),aprofessionalhealthorganizationathastakentheleadtobringtheprogramtocampus,ensuringeachstMentalHealthFirstAidtrainingisanationalinitiativethatispConnecticut,astatewidenon-profitorganization.ThegrouphascometoUConnthrLabelingandjumpingtoconclusionsbasedonsymptom试卷第22页，共29页forprofessionals,"saysValerieCoissplitintoclassroom-stylework,watchingvideos,andundertheacronymofALGEE—Assessforriskofharm,Listennon-judgmentally,Givereassuranceandinformation,Encourageappropriatthatlisteningwillbemoreimportantthananythingtheysay.”ofthesimulationactivities."Itwascooltobeinaroomwithpeoplewhowantedtohjustaboutlearningthesignsofment"Recoveryispossible.Themostimportantthingistokeeppeoplehopeful.YouhavetA.ToevaluatestC.Totreatstudents'healthissues.D.ToenhancestA.Givingpersonalsuggestions.B.Avoidingrushjudgement.C.Creatingaprivatespace.D.ReducinA.Thebestwaytotreatmentalillness.BC.Thebenefitsofhelpingthecommunity.D.ThedifferentsignsofA.AstudentcareprojectatUConn.B.DevelopmentofCPRC.Aprofessionalhealthorganization.D.CampusactivitiesofUConn.It'saproblemthathasannoyedmanyhorrormoviemakeupartiappearanceofhavingasecondhead?Seeminglytofakeouthunters,manybutterflieshavefousolutionstothisproblem,withcomplicatedpatternsandstructurheadsontheirbacksides.Now,inanewstudy,researchersattheIndianInstitutesofResearch(IISER)divedeeperintotheoriginsofthesPreviousstudieshaveshownthesefalseheadshelpconfusehunterswingsnearthefalseheadhaslessimpactbutterfly'srealhead.Scientistshadlongtheorizedthatbutterflies'falseheadsarosebecausefivekeytraits(特征)—namelyfalsefeelers,noticeablecoloration,wingpatternsthatcontainspecshapes—evolve(进化)togethertoredirectpredatorattention.ButnoonehadtracedtheevolutionaryhistoryofEvolutionaryecologistsatIISERbeganbyanalyzingimagesofnearlymarkinghowmanyofthefalseheadtraitseatree(系统树),whichallowedthemtovisualizehowcloselyrelawellashoweachofthetraitsevolvedovertime.Computationalmodelingofthistreerevealedtha试卷第23页，共29页Theresearchersproposethattheseparatetraitsintegratedintoasingle,complcommonselectiveforce:attacksfromhunters.However,questionsremainontdistinctivedefensemechanismsprovidetothebutterfliesthatusethem.C.TointroduceanevolutionarytriA.Thedevelopmentofthefivetraits.B.Thespecialbehaviorsofbutterflies.C.Thedefensivefunctionoffalseheads.D.Theevolutiontheoriesofbutterflies.A.Theyclassifiedwingpatternsofbutterflies.B.TheyreconstructedhistoryoftraitevolC.TheyinnovatedmethodsofstudD.TheyanalyzedthesurvivalbenefitsofB.Confused?PhylogeneticTrC.DoKeytraitsEnhanceInsects'Survival?D.DoesEvolutionReshapCommunicationsEarth&Environment.Thestudyreportsthewatersourcesthattypicallyfeedtheseaarecontributinglessandlesswater.SomuchsothatthesesuniquetotheCaspianSeawoulddiTheCaspianSeaishometoavarietyoflife.Sixsintothesea.Adropinwaterlevelswouldpreventthemfbutit'spossiblethosecoulddryTheCaspianSeatouchesfivecountries—Azerbaijan,Iran,Kazakhstan,Russia,andTdropinwaterlevelscouldseclimateoftheregion,thusiUniversityofLeedssaidinapressre试卷第24页，共29页shouldbepossibletofindwaystoprotectbiomightsoundlikealongtiadvisabletostartactionassoonaspossibleA.ReducedinflowoffeederriB.Industrialpollutionofcoastalplants.D.Suddendisappearanceofthee2.Whyaresturgeonpopulationsthrea3.WhatcouldbealikelyconsequenceofthA.Establishmentoftraderoutes.B.Releaseofseabedpollutants.C.Expansionoflocalagriculture.D.Alterationofregionalintegration.A.Localcommunityrelocation.B.Resignationtobiodiversityloss.C.Emphasisoneconomicinterests.Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddpointtogivebacktocharities.SomehaveevtotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawaCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnotherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadprodupoorercountriestoattButinspiteofthesesucoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementdonate,researchersfounorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchmoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonmakeacharityimportantanotherstudyaimedatyoungrmainmotivationtogive.Thesparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotitocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteeexplanationisthatthereisageneratheoneswhobenefitmostwhentheyoffalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeoppormoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloThisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns—whichreallymatter—thepeopleand1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inParagraph1probablymean?(猜测词义题)A.Controversial.B.Celebrated.C.Definite.D.Temporarily.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtoParagrapA.Celebrityinvolvementiskeyto